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Reimagining open science for global health: epistemic power and the pursuit of health equity
No full textThis paper critically examines how current forms of Open Science (OS) fall short of advancing health equity in global health. While OS is promoted as a public good, promising transparency, efficiency, and inclusive, current practices often reproduce rather than dismantle entrenched inequities. Data-sharing infrastructures and open-access policies, largely shaped by high-income countries, frequently extract from but fail to empower low- and middle-income countries. Appeals to transparency likewise overlook deeper asymmetries in whose knowledge is recognized, whose labor is valued, and whose communities benefit from scientific advances. We argue that in the context of global health, OS must be re-imagined not as a technical reform but as a political and epistemic project oriented toward health equity. Drawing on feminist, de-colonial, and Black feminist scholarship, we show how global health knowledge has been structured through histories of exclusion that continue to shape categories, standards, and priorities. Building on these critiques, the paper advances five guiding commitments for re-imagining OS: epistemic plurality, redistribution of resources, accountability to marginalized communities, co-creation and participatory governance, and reflexivity and care. Rather than a prescriptive model, these commitments offer enabling conditions for a more equitable and pluralistic science, reclaiming imagination as a vital resource for collective transformation
“Freundship”? The deepening of British-German relations from pre- to post-Brexit
No full textThis article investigates whether post-Brexit British-German relations can be understood as an “international friendship,” employing a novel framework in international relations theory. It conducts a qualitative-interpretivist case study, analyzing state visits in 2004, 2015, and 2023, with a focus on the discourse of heads of state during these key diplomatic events. The data include speeches, non-discursive practices, and bilateral forums, which are contextualized within the wider literature on international friendship and public diplomacy. These cases illustrate the transformation of the relationship through a time that is commonly considered a deep rupture, most notably through Brexit. The findings indicate that while Brexit indeed posed a challenge, it also led to strengthened British-German relations. Although structural changes are necessary for lasting stability in this bilateral relationship, the two nations have developed a “shared being in time” characterized by reconciled historical memories and a clearer joint vision for the future
Differential social media affordances: an actor type-centric, intermediate-level approach using the case of social movements
No full textSocial media have profoundly changed social communication practices across a vast range of contexts. To theorize these changes, numerous authors have proposed digital affordances as a conceptual lens. Yet, to date, most accounts of digital affordances either gloss broadly over cross-platform or use-dependent differences in practices; or they are highly context-specific, obstructing theoretical integration. In this article, we conceptualize social media affordances on an intermediate level of abstraction that foregrounds consequential differences in how digital social media platforms structure social communication practices. Focusing on the characteristic communication needs of social movements as an exemplary case, we identify how social media platforms present users with differential affordances for articulating public claims, building collective identities, and mobilizing contentious performances. We examine how key contextual conditions alter the value of differential affordances, potentially resulting in differential communication practices and platform preferences. We conclude by discussing key opportunities of our approach for comparative research and theory building
Nuclear phase-out: can we catch up on CO2 emissions?
No full textNuclear energy is classified as a low-carbon energy source by institutions such as the European Union, due to its negligible direct carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Nevertheless, following major nuclear incidents such as Fukushima, several countries have implemented nuclear phase-out programs driven by safety concerns. This has raised critical questions about whether the reduction in nuclear capacity would be compensated for by an increase in renewable energy or by a return to fossil fuel-based generation. In this paper, we analyze the trajectory of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel energy sources (specifically coal, oil, and gas) in Germany after the launch of its nuclear phase-out in 2010. Using a synthetic control method, we find that although emissions from fossil sources declined overall in the country, the reduction was weaker in Germany after the phase-out, due to an increased reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal. However, over a thirteen-year period, the gap in fossil-related CO2 emissions between Germany and its synthetic control group progressively narrows until 2023, when it disappeared. These findings suggest that the nuclear phase-out contributed to higher pollution from fossil fuel energy in the short term, but we find that this effect was gradually mitigated by a stronger growth of renewables in Germany during the 2011–2023 period
2299P Access to oncology drugs in the UK are we falling behind Europe after Brexit? A retrospective analysis of regulatory performance and reimbursement for oncology drugs in the UK and Europe (2021-2025)
No full textTheorizing contemporary anti-gender politics: transnational resistance, solidarities, and futures; an introduction
No full textAttention dynamics: antecedents to consumer choice
No full textThis chapter reviews four decades of research on consumer attention and decision-making, focusing on how visual information influences preferences, attitudes, and choice. It traces methodological advances from early information display boards to modern eye tracking technologies, highlighting their role in capturing naturalistic attention patterns. The chapter explores visual marketing, examining how complexity, saliency, and repeated exposures shape consumer behavior. Studies show that attention allocation predicts preferences and choices, with concepts like gaze bias, visual equity, and the Scanpath Theory illustrating consistent patterns. The chapter concludes with valuation models, including the attentional Drift Diffusion Model, which incorporates gaze data to explain how attention modulates evidence accumulation during choice. By integrating findings from consumer behavior, psychology, and neuroscience, the chapter details visual attention’s role in consumer decision-making
Subordinating ‘alt-finance’ how British venture capital became dependent on the US
Get PDFIs the formation of venture capital (VC) markets a national phenomenon? Against the common view that VC emerged in the US in the post-WWII period and later (yet independently) in Europe, we argue that the uneven relation between US and UK VC markets was crucial for British VC formation since the 1980s. Based on an empirical analysis of secondary literature and financial data, the article demonstrates that this relation is better understood through the lens of international financial subordination and identifies three types of dependencies to qualify this relation: the dependencies of UK VC on US start-up investments, US growth capital, and US exit deals. This type of financial subordination is specific to ‘alternative finance’, because highly profitable VC exits kick-started a flywheel effect in UK VC in the 2000s, and the subsequent expansion of British VC went hand in hand with a concentration of capital because UK VC followed a ‘winners-take-all’ logic that is characteristic of alt-finance in general. This suggests, counterintuitively, that after UK VC formed, the US economy benefitted more in financial, economic, and technological terms from the growing British VC market than its UK counterpart mainly because most large exit deals took place in the US
The school system in England: current state of play and the Children’s Wellbeing and Schools Bill
Get PDFAggregation and the structure of value
Get PDFRoughly, the view I call “Additivism” sums up value across time and people. Given some standard assumptions, I show that Additivism follows from two principles. The first says that how lives align in time cannot, in itself, matter. The second says, roughly, that a world cannot be better unless it is better within some period or another. These principles, while plausible, presuppose a rich underlying structure of value—presuppositions that are implicit in the standard numerical framework of population ethics but that are often overlooked. A careful exploration of Additivism and the case for it reveals intricate connections between substantive questions about what value fundamentally consists in and structural questions about how to aggregate value