107159 research outputs found
Sort by
Work meaning and fair wages
No full textWork meaning can be an important driver of labor supply. Since, by definition, work meaning is associated with benefits for others, it also has an important fairness dimension. In a theoretical model, we show that workers’ willingness to pay for work meaning can be positive or negative, depending on the relative strength of fairness concerns and meaning preferences. To examine the importance of these behavioral motives for labor supply, we conduct a survey experiment with representative samples from The Netherlands and Germany in which we vary within-subject the benefits that a job creates for others. We find that only a minority of workers are actually willing to sacrifice wage for work meaning. The average willingness to pay for work meaning is positive, but substantially lower than the willingness to pay for job flexibility. There is a strong negative relationship between fairness concerns and willingness to pay for work meaning. Thus, individuals who prioritize fairness are less likely to accept lower wages for meaningful work
Long COVID in the population of COVID-19 hospitalized patients discharged from SUS’ hospitals in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil: a patient-engaged cohort survey study
No full textBackground Long COVID (LC) is a global health concern, affecting millions and placing significant strain on healthcare systems. However, there is a notable lack of LC research in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in the global south. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on Brazil, a country with an emerging LC literature but limited population estimates due to sampling constraints. Our unique focus is to estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and LC self-reported diagnosis among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro City public hospitals. We also aim to identify factors associated with the LC measures and most frequent symptoms, providing valuable insights for healthcare systems and policymakers. Methods We designed a comprehensive, patient-engaged cohort survey study to assess LC symptoms and administered it to a probability sample of adults six to 24 months post-discharge from public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro City. LC was measured as (i) at least one persistent symptom or (ii) self-reported LC. Among the symptoms, we considered post-exertional malaise, which is frequently neglected in LC studies. Additionally, we applied an adaptation of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire to account not only for the presence but also the frequency of symptom occurrence. We estimate the prevalence of symptoms and use logistic regression models to identify associations between LC and the most frequent LC symptoms and independent variables, assessing demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics, vaccination, and severity of acute disease. Results Results indicate the predominant study’s focus on low-income and highly vulnerable people, with an elevated prevalence of comorbidities before LC. In the study population of 11,328 persons, 71.3% (95%CI 66.3; 76.2) reported frequently experiencing at least one persistent symptom, and 39.3% (95%CI 34.2; 44.4) self-reported having LC. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue, post-exertional malaise, joint pain, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment, and symptoms were consistently more likely to occur among women. Age was non-linearly related to LC, and comorbidities before COVID-19 hospitalization were positively associated with LC symptoms. Conclusions Evidence is provided for the LC burden among COVID-19 hospitalized patients even 24 months post-discharge. LC accessible and appropriate healthcare is fundamental
Enemy property: violence, dispossession and citizenship in South Asia
No full textThis paper examines the role property plays in the displacement of people and their ongoing and future displaceability and citizenship. It engages with the Partition of the Indian subcontinent and the ways in which property was central to how people were rendered displaceable. Building on literature on property, we examine how categorisations of people based on specific attributes affected their rights to property both at the moment of displacement and later in exile, marking them as second-class citizens or the enemy. We examine state intervention and that of communities and societies in forcibly occupying the property of the ‘other’ and claiming it for themselves. Through these acts, people are rendered as part or outside of cultural communities and therefore displaceable and marginalisable. Excavating the social life of property and its importance in how people are rooted, we open up conversations on how geographies of displacement, citizenship and belonging are constituted
'El peligro rojo' Republican refugees and the construction of the undesirable immigrant in Colombia, 1936-42
No full textThis article examines the national and international context within which Colombian immigration policy developed in the mid-twentieth century. Focussing on Republican refugees from the Spanish Civil War, it traces how and why policymakers and public opinion began to see these groups as potentially harmful to society. It argues that Colombian immigration policy emerged at the intersection of multiple, evolving discourses of race which both helped frame and were shaped by anxieties over a mass influx from Spain. By exploring the stories of several Republicans who tried to come to Colombia, the article also reveals how they helped shape immigration policy
A mouse in a cage - a feeling for the rights of another species
No full textIs the use of laboratory animals ethical? Carrie Friese argues that while there are no easy answers to this question, humans can learn a great deal by considering the seemingly far away life of a laboratory mouse
How Robert F. Kennedy Jr's counter narratives on public health found a home in America's disconnected communities
No full textRobert F. Kennedy Jr. was able to transform an unsuccessful 2024 presidential campaign into his current role as Secretary of Health and Human Services in Donald Trump’s administration. Daniele Sudsataya and Manna Mostaghim look at how RFK Jr. has used his own position as an institutional outsider to speak to those in often socioeconomically disadvantaged rural communities, who feel that they have been forgotten by the healthcare system and offer them the freedom of personal choice about their own health
The Oxford handbook of social stratification
No full textThis handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook; however, the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs
Incomparable values in adjudication
No full textIt is sometimes argued that, when plural and incomparable values collide, practical reason runs out of guidance for judges called upon to deal with the conflict, leaving them in the tragic position of having to choose one value over the other. I discuss two accounts of this ostensible tragedy. One, by Philip Sales and Frederick Wilmot-Smith, treats it as real and pervasive but manageable through the decisions of legislatures and higher courts. The other, by Jeremy Waldron, treats it as mostly fake. Despite their differences, these accounts assume that the only way to bring plural values or reasons into relation is to order them. I argue that this ‘ordinal’ assumption lands both accounts into the same problem. To identify the stakes of any particular ordering, those accounts must rely on ‘granular’ substantive claims of what each reason in play requires or allows, but neither can identify the relevant granular considerations, or explain their significance. I then suggest that moral contractualism provides us with an alternative, non-ordinal, way to identify the granular facts that matter. On that approach, instead of asking which reason is stronger than others, the judge should ask whether each of the reasons in play is sufficiently strong to allow a person to object to a principle that permitted the judge to reach a certain decision. I argue that this sufficiency standard shows the tragedy of practical reason to be an artefact of the ordinal assumption, and conclude with examples that show how courts can, and sometimes do, use such a standard to respond to conflicts of plural reasons
Mapping the growth of individual placement and support services in Norway
No full textObjectives: Individual placement and support (IPS) is an evidence-based form of vocational rehabilitation that aims to help people with mental illness obtain and remain in competitive employment. The objective of this study is to quantify the national growth of IPS over an 8-year period in Norway. Methods: Using a combination of qualitative and registry data, we map how IPS was implemented in Norway between 2012 and 2019, both in terms of geographic availability and intensity of service provision. Results: In 2012 IPS was available in 4 out of 19 counties, with 14.9% of the population living in an area where IPS was present. By 2019 this had increased to all 19 counties in Norway, and more than 70% of the population lived in an area of Norway where IPS was available. The results are presented in eight heat maps that visually display how the intensity and availability of the service have expanded. Conclusion: This study has identified when and where IPS became available in Norway, which is key to future effectiveness studies of IPS in the IPSRON project