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How the US immigration crackdown undermines democracy
No full textThe last two months have seen significant actions by the new Trump administration on immigration and against immigrants, from unwarranted deportations to increased enforcement at the Southern border. Stephanie Schwartz and Abbey Steele writes that the crackdown is not – as the administration claims – about law and order, or even about immigration. They argue that these harsh immigration actions are part of the administration’s strategy for dismantling democracy by amassing coercive power and rallying pro-government right-wing militias to further an agenda of white nationalism and mass deportations
Has Keir Starmer faced the truth about Trump?
No full textThe US-UK “special relationship” was already hanging by a thread before Donald Trump even took office. Despite the enormous gulf between the UK and the US when it comes to support for Ukraine, Keir Starmer is still trying to keep the US President on side. Michael Cox asks whether this approach is simply in denial of the new international order Trump is creating
Trade shocks and credit reallocation
No full textThis paper identifies a credit-supply contraction that arises endogenously after trade liberalization. Banks with loan portfolios concentrated in sectors exposed to competition from China face an increase in nonperforming loans after China’s entry into the World Trade Organization. As a result, they reduce the supply of credit to firms, irrespective of the firm’s sector of operation. This cut in credit translates into lower employment, investment, and output. Through this mechanism, the financial channel amplifies the shock to firms already hit by import competition from China and passes it on to firms in sectors expected to expand upon trade liberalization
Animal welfare risks from commercial practices involving cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans
No full textThere is increasing recognition that the welfare needs of cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans are important. Current commercial practices involving these animals include a range of potential threats to their welfare, such as conditions of farming, capture, transport, and slaughter. This article draws from and updates our 2021 review for the UK Government, recommending a range of relatively simple and impactful changes that could benefit welfare while highlighting important research gaps that should be prioritised to facilitate the drafting of guidelines for best-practice
Negotiating leadership expectations at work: a collaborative autoethnography of managerial identity struggles from the perspective of leadership-as-practice in the university
No full textThe platformization of cybersecurity: uncovering articulation work in bug bounty platforms
No full textThe article investigates the articulation work i.e., the coordination and adjustment needed for collaboration, that the platform model generates. It specifically focuses on bug bounty platforms, where independent security researchers (or ‘hackers’) report security vulnerabilities to client organizations for a reward. While existing scholarship on bug bounty reveals how these platforms structure hackers’ labor, we look symmetrically and ask: How do bug bounty platforms shape the work of program managers on the clients’ side? We use data from 13 semi-structured interviews with bug bounty managers and concepts from platform studies and computer-supported cooperative work. Our study reveals, first, that managing a program requires four types of articulation work: (1) to attract quality hackers, (2) to manage the high number of reports (3) to find the internal asset owner, and (4) to negotiate the disclosure schedule with hackers. Second, managers consider this additional labor positively, despite some adversarial behaviors from hackers. This study makes a case to study how platforms shape labor on both the supply and the demand sides and calls for further analyses of platform labor using the concept of articulation work
Regional cooperation on pandemic preparedness and vaccine equity from an economic, regulatory and legal perspective
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for a global agreement to strengthen international health regulations. However, progress towards such an agreement has been deferred to a future World Health Assembly and is likely to be further hampered by an increasingly uncertain global geopolitical context, a delay which we cannot afford. In the interim, urgent immediate action to intensify regional cooperation on pandemic preparedness and vaccine equity is needed. The three key aspects of intensified regional cooperation are: financial and economic sustainability, regulatory systems strengthening and legal frameworks that facilitate cooperation. While there is still momentum, the global community must act swiftly and cohesively, intensifying regional cooperation to strengthen governance on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response
The use of well-being metrics in national parliaments: an exploratory study of Scotland and Italy
No full textAt its deepest level, moving “beyond GDP” does not just involve measuring well-being differently, but putting well-being at the heart of policymaking. While previous research has found low levels of use and impact of well-being metrics for policy purposes, no research has ever been undertaken to investigate the extent to which well-being metrics have been deployed as part of parliamentary activity, and more specifically during parliamentary debates. This article fills this gap by examining the parliamentary referencing of a set of well-being metrics in Scotland and Italy, both pioneering countries in the measurement of well-being. Data were collected using, for Scotland, TheyWorkForYou.com, and, for Italy, the official reports of the Chamber and the Senate, the two houses of the Italian Parliament. Findings show that the use of well-being metrics in both parliaments has been low overall. The two countries’ official well-being frameworks were essentially the only metrics parliamentarians ever referred to, especially when key moments related to the frameworks’ refresh or institutionalization occurred. Findings also show that economic crises, often referenced in the literature as stimulating change, played a deterrent role, while composite indices do not seem to have particular communicative strengths
The welfare versus work paradox
No full textHow can countries balance work incentives and access to welfare without violating the principle that work shall always be strictly preferred to welfare? In a context in which wages stagnate or drop, and benefit levels are reduced due to austerity measures, the welfare versus work paradox arises. This research shows analytically that when both wages and benefits approach the subsistence level, welfare becomes preferable to work, violating the work incentive principle. The policy implication of this result is that, to maintain the validity of the work incentive principle, minimum wages must be kept above the subsistence threshold
The dynamics of cohort effect in politics
No full textThis paper investigates the dynamic ramifications of cohort effects on politics. We propose a theoretical framework that encompasses a dynamic social-learning model of politics, where cohort effects are endogenously derived from preceding generations’ political decisions. This process underscores the role of political experiences in shaping the beliefs of younger cohorts, which subsequently influence policy decisions as these individuals mature. We demonstrate how these dynamic intergenerational linkages lead to cyclical patterns of polarised and cohesive cohorts. In the proposed model, cohorts emerging during periods of political consensus display less familiarity with optimal policies, resulting, due to random external shocks, in high variance of public opinions. Conversely, cohorts maturing amidst polarisation and political turnover demonstrate greater knowledge about optimal policies, leading to more cohesive public opinions. Notably, our model suggests that transitory shocks can exert persistent influence on politics due to these dynamic linkages. We also present some suggestive evidence, using ANES surveys, showing that different cohorts’ opinions exhibit distinct levels of variance