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Governance of government middle schools in Beijing and Delhi: accountability mechanisms and stakeholder incentives
No full textThe importance of basic education in economic and human development has been widely recognized in both policy researches and practices across the globe. With impressive progress made in universalizing basic (especially primary) education since 1990s, the policy goals of improving the performance of the basic education sector have shifted gradually from expanding access to consolidating quality and inclusiveness, as reflected and underlined in the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG4). Whereas the goal of basic education has been duly updated reflecting and taking into account new situations and development, the relevant adjustment of policy measures to accomplish it is much slower
A review of K-12 international education in Arab countries (1995–2022) patterns and trends
No full textThis chapter aims to systematically collect, document, and critically analyze available research examining international education, with a particular focus on K-12 context in Arab countries between 1995 and 2022. The Arab countries encompass a group of 22 nations united by their use of Formal Arabic, albeit with distinct dialects, while simultaneously grappling with significant political, economic, and socio-cultural challenges. Based on a systematic search on Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS, this study follows the process identified by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA): data source identification, search, data collection, eligibility criteria selection, data selection, and data analysis. Findings show emerging themes related to international school leadership, international schools’ curriculum, identity, student belonging, and parental involvement. This analysis allowed us to identify policy, strategy and research patterns, trends, geographic origins, and the scope of scholarship affecting international education in Arab contexts. Conclusions and implications for future research and practice are presented and discussed
What’s wrong with the International Financial Architecture, and how can it be fixed?
No full textAttended a discussion on the International Financial Architecture this week. Some super eminent speakers, even a Nobel laureate. Felt like a bit of a timewarp – haven’t really talked IFA since some I was involved with some work Oxfam did around the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, but it was super interesting. Even better, it was held under the Chatham House rule, so no need to remember who said what
The perceived independence of information sources has a powerful impact on polarisation
No full textWhen two people with opposing political beliefs are shown the same piece of information, they often have radically different responses. Drawing on new research, Jens Koed Madsen, David Young and Lee de Wit show that disagreements over the independence of information sources can play a significant role in this type of polarisation
Is media literacy an effective tool against misinformation?
No full textLSE’s Nick Anstead, Lee Edwards, Sonia Livingstone and Mariya Stoilova reflect on the findings of a recent rapid evidence analysis of media literacy interventions. They observe the benefits of encouraging critical thinking and reflexivity, as well as evidence that gamification can reduce vulnerability to dis- and misinformation. But they also note many evidence gaps, which suggest promising directions for future research
Monopsony and employer misoptimization explain why wages bunch at round numbers
No full textWe show that administrative hourly wage data exhibit considerable bunching at round numbers. We run two experiments randomizing wages around 1.00 to experimentally measure left-digit bias for identical tasks on Amazon Mechanical Turk; we fail to find any evidence of discontinuity in the labor supply function at round numbers despite estimating a considerable degree of monopsony. We replicate these results in administrative worker-firm hourly wage data from Oregon. We can rule out inattention estimates found in the behavioral product market literature. We provide evidence that firms “misoptimize” wage setting. More monopsony requires less employer misoptimization to explain bunching
Forced labour in manufacturing and the local industry structure: the case of Italy
No full textDo spatial socio-economic features influence the demand for forced labour also in places where it is illegal and socially unacceptable? This article provides an answer to this question by estimating the effect of the characteristics of the local industry structure on forced labour in manufacturing (FLM hereafter) using Italy as a case study. Conceptually, we bridge the literature on forced labour with economic geography to empirically test the effect of local industry specialization and firm size. Exploiting a novel database of geo-tagged episodes of FLM across Italian local labour market areas, we find that industry specialization and the share of micro-firms in the industry that specializes a place are key predictors for FLM. Instrumental variable estimates relying on novel data on the geography of Italian firms in 1911 show that results are robust to endogeneity threats. Findings also hold to the inclusion of potential confounding features, like the presence of migrants and institutional quality, and to spatial dependency tests. Moreover, results support the relevance of addressing the spatial dimension for a thorough understanding of FLM. Overall, the article contributes to the currently scant quantitative evidence on the micro-regional determinants of forced labour in the Global North, which is still relatively unexplored
Valuing natural capital and its distribution in the Congo Basin forests
No full textEfforts to balance national economic development and global environmental sustainability in the forests of the Congo Basin can be informed by natural capital accounting. We contribute an initial estimate of the gross value of the Congo Basin forests (in 2019) for four provisioning services (industrial timber, artisanal timber, fuelwood, and bushmeat), one cultural service (tourism), and one regulating service (carbon sequestration). We estimate the distribution of ecosystem service values across land use categories, based in part on mapping customary tenures using a cumulative cost method, thus tying value production and associated incentives to the economic agents who manage forest natural capital. We find a total (i.e. regional) gross annual value for the Congo Basin forests of 2019 USD159.16/ha in community forests to a low of $0.10/ha in Pygmy areas. For carbon services, we compare three prominent approaches for estimating volumes. We find marked variation in both total volumes and the distribution of volumes across public and private economic agents, with significant implications for ongoing efforts to monetize carbon services in the Congo Basin. Our approach and results address critical issues not only of the value of forest assets in the Congo Basin (as well as attendant ambiguities), but also to whom this natural capital value might accrue if demonstrated value is aligned with value realization
Working remotely in the city? Regional embeddedness of online platform workers in Indonesia's secondary cities
No full textThis paper investigates how online platform workers are embedded into the local context to reap the benefit of urban agglomeration. By drawing on 50 interviews with online platform workers residing in five secondary cities in Indonesia, this research structures the notion of regional embeddedness into three main mechanisms. First, online workers organise remote tasks ‘on the ground’ by utilising multiple locations of workplaces. Second, online workers actively cultivate face-to-face interactions within their social networks for exchanging knowledge and sharing similar identity. Finally, online workers operate as micro-entrepreneurs who leverage urban density as a business ecosystem to scale up their services