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Observers and urban structure effects on population estimates in the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto)
No full textLos métodos para estimar el tamaño poblacional de las aves urbanas no suelen considerar los efectos
que pueden tener diferentes variables ambientales y antrópicas sobre su detectabilidad. El muestreo por
distancia es una técnica de baja aplicación en ambientes urbanos, a pesar de que es un método muy efectivo para estimar densidades poblacionales y de bajo costo. En esta investigación analizamos aquellas
covariables que pueden influir en la detectabilidad de la tórtola turca Streptopelia decaocto en ambientes
antrópicos para estimar sus densidades en el este de España. A través de puntos de conteo realizamos
estimaciones en ambientes urbanos, periurbanos y parques. La probabilidad de detección y la densidad
fueron estimadas mediante el muestreo por distancia con múltiples covariables y empleamos varios análisis estadísticos para comparar las densidades estimadas. Nuestros resultados muestran que la altura de
los edificios influye de manera negativa y la capacidad de los observadores influye positivamente en la
detectabilidad de la tórtola turca. La zona urbana concentra la menor densidad tanto de grupos de aves
como de individuos en comparación con las otras zonas. El uso del muestreo por distancia es de fácil aplicación en ambientes metropolitanos que ayuda al desarrollo de la ciencia ciudadana.Methods to estimate populations of urban birds usually do not consider the effects of environmental and anthropic variables on their detectability. Distance sampling is not commonly used in urban environments even though is a highly effective and low-cost method to estimate the population densities of birds. In this research, we analyzed those covariables that may influence the detectability of the Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto detectability in anthropic environments to estimate population densities in Eastern Spain. Point counts were carried out in three environments: urban, peri-urban, and parks. Detection probability and density were estimated through distance sampling considering multiple covariables and we used several statistical tests to compare the estimated densities. Our results show that building height negatively affects the detectability of the Eurasian collared dove while the observers’ ability affects it positively. Moreover, the urban environment has a lower density of individuals and flocks of birds when compared with the other two areas studied. Distance sampling is easy to apply in urban environments and it will help in the development of citizen science.Sin Financiación0.5 Q4 JCR 20230.19 Q3 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
Anthropogenic debris as nest material in three swift species: New insights into the interactions of atmospheric pollution with wildlife
No full textPlastic pollution has become a global concern, affecting many species around the world. While well-documented for marine ecosystems, the impact of plastic pollution on terrestrial ecosystems is comparatively limited. In fact, only recently have some studies begun to explore the occurrence, pathways, and impacts of plastic in the atmosphere and on terrestrial species. Here, we assess the presence of synthetic material in nests of three swift species breeding in the Western Palearctic: the common swift (Apus apus), the pallid swift (Apus pallidus), and the alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba). Using data from 487 nests spanning 25 colonies and seven European countries, we show that 36.5 % of the examined nests contained anthropogenic materials, mainly plastic debris. Notably, Pallid swifts’ nests, with 85 % of the total nests examined with plastic, rank among birds with the highest plastic content in nests. We also demonstrate that the probability of finding plastic in the nest increased substantially with the human footprint of the landscape. Last, we recorded four cases of swifts entangled in their own nest, a low proportion compared to other species studied previously. Our study provides compelling evidence that plastic pollution may also be considered a concern for other terrestrial species, particularly for birds with highly aerial lifestyles, such as other swifts. The correlation with the human footprint suggests that areas with higher human activity contribute more significantly. Moreover, the entanglement cases, although low, indicate a threat to bird health and welfare. To our knowledge, our study is the first to report a direct interaction between floating plastic debris in the atmosphere and any species. Understanding this interaction is key, not only due to the lack of research on the topic, but also because it highlights that plastic pollution is a multifaceted environmental issue affecting various ecosystem categories, and the broader implications of atmospheric plastic circulation on wildlife and ecosystems health.10.54499/CEECIND/02064/2017/ CP1423/CP1645/CT00098.2 Q1 JCR 20231.998 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
Recurrent Guillain Barré
No full textSin Financiación2.6 Q1 JCR 20230.371 Q3 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
La memoria traumática de la dictadura de Pinochet en el cómic chileno contemporáneo
No full textEn torno al año 2013, con la celebración del 40º aniversario del golpe de Estado perpetrado contra el gobierno de Salvador Allende en Chile, se publicaron en el país varias novelas gráficas que abordaban los hechos y la consecuente represión de la oposición política y la militancia de izquierdas. Dichas obras constituyen un modesto boom del cómic chileno sobre memoria histórica, y su análisis resulta relevante por ser una fuente novedosa, que se sirve del lenguaje icónico-textual para representar hechos de la memoria colectiva ocurridos durante el golpe y la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet.
Se plantea, así, un análisis pormenorizado de las estrategias de representación que los autores y autoras de estas obras emplean para abordar el tratamiento de diferentes tipos de violencia política —represión en las calles, tortura y violencia sexual ejercida contra las mujeres— asociada al periodo dictatorial, mediante la aplicación de una metodología específica que aúna el análisis historiográfico y el iconográfico, y que permitirá evidenciar el potencial del cómic como medio de expresión del trauma.Around the year 2013, with the 40th anniversary of the coup d’état perpetrated against Salvador Allende’s Government in Chile, various graphic novels were published, which addressed the facts and the consequent repression of political opposition and left-wing militancy. Those works constitute a modest boom of Chilean comic on historical memory, and their analysis is relevant because they are a recent source, which uses an iconic-textual language to represent facts from the collective memory occurred during the coup d’état and Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship. It is proposed, thus, a detailed analysis of the representational strategies used by the authors in their works to deal with the treatment of different types of violence—repression on the streets, torture and sexual violence against women—associated with the dictatorial period, through the application of a specific methodology that combines both historiographic and iconographic analysis, and which will allow us to exposed the potential of comics as a means of expressing trauma.Sin Financiación0.1 Q* JCR 20230.191 Q1 SJR 20230.23 C1 IDR 2022UE
Association of depressive symptoms with incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 over 2 years among healthcare workers in 20 countries: multi-country serial cross-sectional study
No full textLong-term deterioration in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been reported during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Determining the impact of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on the mental health of HCWs is essential to prepare for potential new pandemics. This study aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with depressive symptoms over 2 years among HCWs in 20 countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a multi-country serial cross-sectional study using data from the first and second survey waves of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) global study. The HEROES study prospectively collected data from HCWs at various health facilities. The target population included HCWs with both clinical and non-clinical roles. In most countries, healthcare centers were recruited based on convenience sampling. As an independent variable, daily COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates were calculated using confirmed cases and deaths reported by Johns Hopkins University. These rates represent the average for the 7 days preceding the participants’ response date. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A multilevel linear mixed model (LMM) was conducted to investigate the association of depressive symptoms with the average incidence and mortality rates. Results A total of 32,223 responses from the participants who responded to all measures used in this study on either the first or second survey, and on both the first and second surveys in 20 countries were included in the analysis. The mean age was 40.1 (SD = 11.1), and 23,619 responses (73.3%) were from females. The 9323 responses (28.9%) were nurses and 9119 (28.3%) were physicians. LMM showed that the incidence rate was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms (coefficient = 0.008, standard error 0.003, p = 0.003). The mortality rate was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms (coefficient = 0.049, se = 0.020, p = 0.017). Conclusions This is the first study to show an association between COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with depressive symptoms among HCWs during the first 2 years of the outbreak in multiple countries. This study’s findings indicate that additional mental health support for HCWs was needed when the COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates increase during and after the early phase of the pandemic, and these findings may apply to future pandemics.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (JP23KJ0461)The Health Care Science Institute Research Grant to Hiroki Asaoka, by Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants (19IA2014) to Daisuke NishiMinistry of Health of the Czech Republic (NU22J-09–00064) to Dominika SeblovaItalian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Bando FISR 2020IP_05308)Fondazione di Sardegna (Bando 2020)MInciencias (grant #: CT 860-2020)UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (grant #: ES/V013157/1)7.0 Q1 JCR 20232.711 Q1 SJR 2024No data IDR 2022UE
AI as a differential value in business: 123compareme case study
No full textIntroducción: En la última década se asiste al nacimiento de un nuevo paradigma empresarial fundamentado en la tecnología en el que la inteligencia artificial (IA) se convierte en un aliado de las organizaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente artículo de investigación es analizar la aplicación de sistemas de IA en la creación de valor de una empresa, mejorando su posición competitiva a través de sus estrategias de marketing y en el diseño de productos innovadores. Metodología: Para la consecución de los objetivos se aplica la metodología de caso de éxito. Esta metodología implica identificar las acciones que contribuyeron al éxito del caso, respondiendo a la necesidad de comprender situaciones que se consideran exitosas en un contexto determinado. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación permiten afirmar que la IA es un generador de valor empresarial. Discusión: En un mercado atomizado, mejorar el posicionamiento competitivo de una organización es fundamental para su supervivencia. La integración de sistemas de IA en sus productos se perfila como un elemento diferenciador en la definición de su oferta. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones corroboran que las empresas que se sumen a esta nueva era tecnológica conseguirán mejores resultados consecuencia de su capacidad de adaptación a un entorno profundamente tecnificado.Introduction: The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a new business paradigm based on data and technology, in which artificial intelligence (AI) has become a valuable ally of organisations. Objetive:One of the disciplines that has most frequently employed AI is marketing. This research article analyses the application of generative AI and conversational AI systems as key tools in the value creation of a company, significantly improving its competitive position through the design of innovative products and services. Methodology: In order to achieve the desired outcomes, the success case methodology is employed. This methodology entails identifying the factors that contributed to the success of the case, determining the effective strategies used, and studying and understanding the circumstances that led to success in a given context. Results:The findings of the research substantiate the assertion that artificial intelligence is a generator of business value. Discusión: In a market characterised by fragmentation, enhancing an organisation's competitive positioning is crucial for its continued existence. The incorporation of AI systems into its products is emerging as a key differentiating factor in the definition of its offering. Conclusions:The findings support the assertion that organisations that adopt this new technological paradigm will achieve superior outcomes due to their ability to adapt to a dynamic and technologically sophisticated environment.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20220.196 Q3 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE
Tourism in the era of social responsibility and sustainability: understanding international tourists’ destination choices
No full textOver the past three decades, global tourism has significantly contributed to the world economy, driven by factors such as globalization, technological advancements, and rising disposable incomes. However, alongside these economic benefits, tourism’s environmental impact remains a pressing concern, involving resource depletion, pollution, and substantial carbon emissions. Despite extensive research on these issues, there remains a gap in the literature regarding how state social responsibility and sustainability can be effectively integrated into tourism policies, particularly in prominent tourist destinations like Spain. This study addresses this gap by employing a combined qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (survey) approach to explore the dual role of tourism in economic growth and environmental sustainability. Focusing on Spain as a case study, the research highlights both the challenges and opportunities associated with sustainable tourism practices. It examines the influence of factors such as the host country’s image, quality of life, the home country’s purchasing power parity (PPP), and the geographical distance between home and host countries on tourists’ destination choices within the framework of Stakeholder Theory. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of these factors, offering critical insights for researchers and policymakers striving to balance tourism growth with environmental sustainability globally.Sin Financiación3.3 Q2 JCR 20230.672 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry
No full textContext. Gravitational waves from black-hole (BH) merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models – and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars.
Aims. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors.
Methods. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions.
Results. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 ± 0.82 M⊙ BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc.
Conclusions. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way.MRTNCT-2006-033481PIOFGA-2009-255267MTKD-CT-2004-0141885.4 Q1 JCR 20231.896 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE
Antioxidant treatments in patients with oral submucous fibrosis: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-known precancerous oral lesion, characterized by scarring, tissue fibrosis, and premalignant lesions. The goal of clinical treatment is to reduce inflammation and improve patients' quality of life by enhancing mouth opening among others. Antioxidant treatment has shown promising results in inducing regression of lesions and preventing OSMF in high-risk individuals. This study investigates the effectiveness of various antioxidant agents against OSMF.
Materials and Methods
The study followed PRISMA guidelines and searched three scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using specific algorithms related to “antioxidant treatment,” “burning sensation,” and “mouth opening.” The quality assessment of controlled clinical studies adhered to Cochrane guidelines.
Results
The analysis included 19 clinical trials comparing different treatments, including various antioxidants. Aloe vera, curcumin, and lycopene, among others, showed positive outcomes in treating OSMF by improving burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility.
Conclusion
Antioxidant therapies are found to be effective in treating OSMF, even when compared to conventional treatments such as corticosteroids. The study highlights the need for further research and standardization of clinical protocols.Sin financiación3.3 Q2 JCR 20220.682 Q2 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE
Xerostomia and Salivary Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary disorders such as xerostomia and hyposalivation.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these disorders and their risk factors in DM patients.
Methods: DM patients from two health centers were included. Epidemiological and DM control-related variables were collected.
Xerostomia Inventory was filled out by the patients and unstimulated whole salivary flow was collected. Logistic regression tests
were performed.
Results: A total of 168 patients were included (46.4% men, 53.6% women, mean age 72.54 [SD 11.03years]). Thirteen patients
had Type 1 DM and 155 had Type 2 DM. 52.4% experienced xerostomia and 41.1% had unstimulated whole salivary flow hypos alivation. Women were more likely to suffer hyposalivation than men (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.32–4.73; p=0.005). Patients with T2DM
were less likely to suffer UWS hyposalivation than T1DM patients (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.95; p=0.04). Glycemic control was
not significantly worse in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation. The drugs for the treatment of DM were not associated
with salivary disorders. However, some drugs to treat other comorbidities such hypertension and neurological diseases were
associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation.
Conclusions: The prevalence of xerostomia and unstimulated whole salivary flow hyposalivation in patients with DM is high.
Female sex, T1DM, and the use of certain non-antidiabetic drugs increased the risk of suffering these disorders. The possible
association between DM, xerostomia, and/or hyposalivation is complex and may be influenced by multiple factors. Therefore,
further studies are needed to evaluate whether DM influences these salivary disordersSin Financiación2.7 Q1 JCR 20230.716 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE