139585 research outputs found
Sort by
What is important for consumers' energy-related decisions? A cross-sectoral systematic review and meta-analysis for the Nordic countries
No full text| openaire: EC/HE/101056306/EU//IAM COMPACT Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)The energy transition is shaped by the decisions of individuals. These decisions, in turn, are influenced by a diverse set of factors that have been the object of various studies reported in the literature. Most of these studies have, however, focused on a single decision or a sector. Here, we conduct for the Nordic countries a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of factors affecting four important consumers' energy-related decisions, namely (1) the choice between an electric or a conventional vehicle, (2) mode choice for personal transport, (3) choice of heating system, and (4) deployment of energy-saving measures at home. We aim to identify the implications that certain factors may have for many of such decisions, potentially encouraging some while discouraging others. Our analysis shows that a group of factors, such as attitude, comfort, costs, living in a detached house, emission implications of the choice, perceived behavioral control, environmental friendliness of the technology, and subjective norm, affect multiple decisions uniformly, in terms of the direction of effect the factor has on environmentally benign decisions. There are, however, also factors for which trade-offs exist, for example, while better public transport infrastructure encourages the use of public transport use, it discourages walking and cycling. We also show differences in outcomes between revealed and stated preferences surveys. Our analysis shows that for electric vehicle adoption, the statistical significance of factors typically increases when excluding the stated preferences surveys. Finally, our findings can aid policymakers in crafting more effective interventions to meet climate targets.Peer reviewe
Review—Recent Developments in Low Temperature Wafer Level Metal Bonding for Heterogenous Integration
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.An overview of various low-temperature (<200 °C) wafer bonding processes using metal interlayers is presented. Such processes are very attractive for novel applications in 3D heterogenous packaging as the allow for simultaneous formation of electrical interconnects, as well as hermetic encapsulation of various sensors and microelectromechanical systems-based devices. Metal wafer bonding is a generic category of processes consisting of various sub-categories, each one defined by the different principles governing the process. One can differentiate between eutectic wafer bonding (a eutectic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by liquid-solid interdiffusion), intermetallic wafer bonding (an intermetallic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by solid-liquid interdiffusion, a process known also as solid liquid intermetallic diffusion transient liquid phase, and metal thermo-compression wafer bonding. Different critical/gating parameters were investigated and their impact for generally reducing processing temperatures for the different metal bonding systems was studied.Peer reviewe
Pulp fibre foams: Morphology and mechanical performance
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Cellulose (pulp) fibre foams serve as bio-based alternative to fossil-based cellular lightweight materials. The mechanical properties of cellulose fibre foams are inferior compared with traditional polymer foams and available information is often limited to compression properties. We present a comprehensive analysis of cellulose fibre foams with densities ranging from 60 to 130 kg/m3, examining their compression, tensile, flexural, and shear properties. Key findings include a high mean zenithal fibre angle which decreases with increasing density, as well as a high strain rate amplification (SRA) in compressive strength, which also decreases with increasing density. With respect to formulation, the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enhanced fibre dispersion, bubble homogeneity of the wet foam, and dimensional stability of the end-product. These results provide a foundation for numerical models and advance the understanding of cellulose pulp fibre foams, highlighting their potential for certain applications.Peer reviewe
Adsorption of polyelectrolytes in the presence of varying dielectric discontinuity between solution and substrate
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).We examine the interactions between polyelectrolytes (PEs) and uncharged substrates under conditions corresponding to a dielectric discontinuity between the aqueous solution and the substrate. To this end, we vary the relevant system characteristics, in particular the substrate dielectric constant ɛs under different salt conditions. We employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with rodlike PEs in salt solutions with explicit ions and implicit water solvent with dielectric constant ɛw = 80. As expected, at low salt concentrations, PEs are repelled from the substrates with ɛs < ɛw but are attracted to substrates with a high dielectric constant due to image charges. This attraction considerably weakens for high salt and multivalent counterions due to enhanced screening. Furthermore, for monovalent salt, screening enhances adsorption for weakly charged PEs, but weakens it for strongly charged ones. Meanwhile, multivalent counterions have little effect on weakly charged PEs, but prevent adsorption of highly charged PEs, even at low salt concentrations. We also find that correlation-induced charge inversion of a PE is enhanced close to the low dielectric constant substrates, but suppressed when the dielectric constant is high. To explore the possibility of a PE monolayer formation, we examine the interaction of a pair of like-charged PEs aligned parallel to a high dielectric constant substrate with ɛs = 8000. Our main conclusion is that monolayer formation is possible only for weakly charged PEs at high salt concentrations of both monovalent and multivalent counterions. Finally, we also consider the energetics of a PE approaching the substrate perpendicular to it, in analogy to polymer translocation. Our results highlight the complex interplay between electrostatic and steric interactions and contribute to a deeper understanding of PE-substrate interactions and adsorption at substrate interfaces with varying dielectric discontinuities from solution, ubiquitous in biointerfaces, PE coating applications, and designing adsorption setups.Peer reviewe
Interfacial Modification for High-Efficient Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cell with a Spin-Coated BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ Electrolyte Thin Film
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 American Chemical Society.Slurry spin coating is an effective approach for the fabrication of protonic ceramic electrolyte thin films. However, weak adhesion between the electrode and spin-coated electrolyte layers in electrochemical cells due to the low sinterability of the proton-conducting perovskite materials usually lead to a high interfacial resistance and thus a low performance. Herein, we report a method to improve the interfacial connection and boost the performance of protonic ceramic cells based on a BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (BZCY) electrolyte. Ni-BZCY anode functional layer, BZCY electrolyte layer and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ-BZCY cathode functional layer are all fabricated by slurry spin coating. The electrode functional layers and the components of the electrolyte slurry influence the microstructure of the single cell and the kinetics of the electrochemical processes significantly. A peak power density of 2345 mW cm-2 is achieved at 700 °C in the fuel cell mode, and a current density of -3.0 A cm-2 is obtained at an applied voltage of 1.3 V in the electrolysis mode.Peer reviewe
Lanthanum doped hafnium oxide thin films deposited on a lateral high aspect ratio structure using atomic layer deposition: A comparative study of surface composition and uniformity using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsHafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films doped with lanthanum (La) can achieve ferroelectricity, making the material applicable in transistor and memory technologies. To downscale future devices in the semiconductor industry, the application of the doped HfO2 material requires deposition on complex microscopic three-dimensional (3D) structures. A widely used process for the preparation of doped HfO2 thin films is atomic layer deposition (ALD). With 3D geometries, it is challenging to deposit materials homogeneously and to effectively characterize them. To forego the difficulties in film characterization, two-dimensional (2D) PillarHall lateral high aspect ratio (LHAR) test structures are used. These structures expose a lateral surface to facilitate the conformality analysis of thin films deposited using two different ALD processes. In this work, we aim to further advance the arsenal of analysis techniques used to characterize La doped HfO2 thin films by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to analyze uniformity and composition. The XPS technique can be applied and established as a method for the optimal analysis of thin films deposited on LHAR structures. Both techniques provide a complementary analysis of material formation, elemental distribution, measurement along the LHAR depth range, and can probe differences between deposition processes.Peer reviewe
An Alternative Cobalt and Nickel Electrochemical Recovery Method for Improved Process Sustainability
No full text| openaire: EC/HE/101069865/EU//ENICONThis study investigates the capability of electrochemical techniques for the production of metal oxide materials from hydrometallurgical process solutions by deposition on an electrode surface. Morphology and deposited material composition are characterized by different techniques including SEM-EDX and cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, the influence of potential, temperature, manganese concentration, and pH on the process are examined.Peer reviewe
Interfacial reaction between different MgO-based refractories and the CaO-FeOx-SiO2 slag system at 1400°C
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsInterfacial reactions between MgO-Al2O3, MgO-Cr2O3, and MgO-C refractories and the CaO-FeOx-SiO2 slag system were investigated at 1400 °C under Ar atmosphere. Sessile drop tests were carried out to observe the behaviors of the liquid CaO-FeOx-SiO2 slag with different basicities (CaO/SiO2: 0.25, 1.0, and 1.5) on the MgO-Al2O3, MgO-Cr2O3, and MgO-C refractories. Furthermore, the corrosion behaviors of MgO-Al2O3, MgO-Cr2O3, and MgO-C in contact with the liquid CaO-FeOx-SiO2 slag (S2, CaO/SiO2=1.0) were studied using immersion tests for 30 min. As a result, the MgO-Cr2O3 refractory showed higher resistance against the slags than the MgO-Al2O3 and MgO-C refractories, with less dissolution and no gas reactions. The chemical reaction between MgO-Al2O3 / MgO-Cr2O3 and slag was studied with thermodynamic modeling using the thermochemical software, FactSage 8.3. The calculation results were in good agreement with the results of the sessile drop test and immersion test.Peer reviewe
Momentum-ilmiö ja tiedon leviäminen: Yrityksen markkina-arvon ja analyytikkoseurannan vaikutus Pohjoismaisilla osakemarkkinoilla
No full textThis study explores a behavioral momentum theory called the gradual-information-diffusion model of Hong and Stein (1999), which suggests that momentum results from the slow spread of new information among investors. Building on the methodology developed by Hong et al. (2000) in their U.S.-based study, a similar approach is applied to analyze momentum within the Nordic stock markets from January 2010 to December 2023. My findings indicate that consistent with Hong et al. (2000) using U.S. data from 1970s to 1990s, firm size significantly impacts momentum and with greater magnitude than in the U.S. study. However, the results regarding the impact of analyst coverage are mixed.Tämä tutkimus tutkii tiedonkulun vaikutusta momentum-ilmiöön Pohjoismaisilla osakemarkkinoilla aikavälillä 1/2010–12/2023. Tutkimustulokseni osoittavat, että yrityksen koko vaikuttaa merkittävästi momentum-ilmiön voimakkuuteen. Aineiston keskisuurten yritysten joukossa momentum-tuotot ovat suurimmillaan, minkä jälkeen ilmiön voimakkuus pienenee merkittävästi. Analyytikkoseurannan vaikutusten osalta tulokset jäävät vaihteleviksi, eikä analyytikkoseurannan voida tulosten perusteella sanoa vaikuttavan momentum-ilmiön voimakkuuteen
Executive training as a turning point in strategic renewal processes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The AuthorsTurning points - periods when firms shift their strategic trajectory - are central to the literature on strategic renewal. This study advances theoretical understanding by examining how executive training, a potential component of turning points, serves as a platform for constructing future trajectories. We investigate how such programs catalyze renewal by enabling firms to transition from one historical trajectory to another. Through an in-depth qualitative analysis of corporate archives, we find that the transformative effects of executive training hinge on power dynamics among organizational coalitions and the program's ability to challenge entrenched trajectories while inspiring new possibilities. Executive training creates temporal spaces where envisioning a future strategic direction requires both stigmatizing the existing trajectory and conceptualizing an alternative path forward. These programs are not neutral. Instead, they are shaped by power struggles that influence their content and objectives. Executives can strategically leverage training to steer broader renewal efforts, reframe perceptions of the firm's past, and articulate a vision for its future. In this way, executive training emerges as a critical tool not only for capability development but also for driving fundamental strategic transformations.Peer reviewe