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Physically-bounded distributionally robust chance-constrained dispatch approach for power system with renewable power-to-ammonia
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier LtdRenewable power-to-ammonia (RePtA) has gained significant attention in recent years, as green ammonia is increasingly acknowledged as a sustainable, zero-carbon fuel. Meanwhile, distributionally robust optimization has become a popular method to address uncertainties in energy systems. However, the general reformulation approach for the distributionally robust model may lead to either a suboptimal solution or one that is excessively conservative. In this context, this paper presents a physically-bounded distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) dispatch approach with the exact reformulation for power systems with RePtA. First, a comprehensive RePtA model incorporating the production, storage, and utilization of green hydrogen and green ammonia is embedded in the electro–hydrogen–ammonia coupled system. Then, an improved metric-based ambiguity set is introduced by enforcing physical bounds on the uncertainty of wind power while preserving the exactness, resulting in a bilinear optimization problem. Finally, an iterative alternating minimization algorithm is specifically designed to decrease solution conservatism by adjusting the resulting physically-bounded exact bilinear optimization model. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Peer reviewe
The psychology of dynamic pricing: how personality traits shape fairness perceptions and purchase intentions in tourism
No full textThe growing adoption of dynamic pricing in tourism and beyond contrasts with our limited understanding of how individual differences affect customer responses. This study examines how personality traits influence price unfairness perceptions of revenue management and purchase intentions in the alpine skiing industry. We conduct two studies: a large-scale correlational survey of 1,627 skiers from Austria, Canada, Norway, and the United States, and a short, quasi-experimental follow-up study with 206 participants from Italy and the United States. Across the two studies we find that agreeableness and openness reduce, whereas neuroticism increases, the perceived unfairness of revenue management. This perceived unfairness of revenue management has important consequences: reduced purchase intent and an increased desire for revenge. This study shows that personality traits, although not directly observable, strongly predict behavioral intentions. They can be inferred from the ways customers react to managerial actions within a firm’s control. The study contributes to research on the antecedents of price fairness and to broader debates on personality traits and the Five-Factor Model. Practical implications include opportunities for more effective personalized pricing strategies. Implementation must be guided by transparency and robust ethical safeguards.Peer reviewe
Investigation of fracture behaviors of asphalt mixtures with different loading rates based on acoustic emission
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier LtdThis study investigated the fracture behaviors of AC10 asphalt mixture under four loading rates (0.2, 0.5, 2, and 5 mm/min) at 25 °C using semi-circular bending (SCB) tests combined with acoustic emission (AE) technology. Mechanical response − including load–displacement curves, fracture energy, elastic energy, and plastic energy − were analyzed, and damage development was evaluated through these energy parameters. AE parameters such as amplitude, count, energy, b-value, and RA-AF characteristics were utilized to characterize crack initiation, propagation, and failure modes. Results demonstrate that fracture energy exhibits a non-linear relationship with increasing loading rate, peaking at 0.5 mm/min, with post-peak fracture energy declining sharply at higher rates, indicative of enhanced brittleness. As the loading rate increased from 0.2 mm/min to 2 mm/min, damage progression accelerated based on the correlation between damage level and normalized displacement. AE amplitude distributions revealed a higher proportion of high-amplitude events (≥55 dB) at faster loading rates, reflecting intensified energy release. Cumulative count and energy curves were classified into three stages: microcrack closure, dynamic crack propagation, and failure stabilization. These trends inversely correlated with b-value dynamics: low b-values signaled macro-crack nucleation or accelerated growth, while high b-values corresponded to microcrack-dominated behavior. Both cumulative counts and energy increased significantly with loading rate. Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) of RA-AF data identified a transition from shear to tensile cracking at higher loading rates, attributed to reduced viscoelastic deformation and accelerated brittle fracture mechanisms.Peer reviewe
Optimal design and modeling of hydrogen-based multi-energy system with solid oxide electrolyzer technology considering efficiency degradation
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.The integration of solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs) in hydrogen-based multi-energy systems offers a promising pathway for efficient and low-emission hydrogen production. However, optimizing system-level economic performance requires a careful balance between electricity imports, waste heat recovery, and on-site generation. This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the optimal design and operation of key system components, including the SOEC stack, combined heat and power (CHP) unit, battery energy storage system (BESS), and hydrogen storage. A novel three-state SOEC operation model is introduced to represent thermal inertia and ramp-up limitations, enabling more realistic system-level scheduling and scenario evaluation. Based on this formulation, three scenarios are investigated: (S1) the SOEC’s heat requirement is met entirely by external waste heat, and recovered SOEC heat is reused to meet system thermal demand; (S2) the SOEC receives heat from a CHP unit, but recovered heat still contributes to overall demand; and (S3) all thermal needs are met solely by the CHP unit without heat recovery. Results show that thermal integration significantly enhances profitability, with S1 and S2 outperforming S3 by 19.5% and 15.7%, respectively. To assess environmental performance, the model is evaluated under different grid carbon intensities. Results show that electricity-related emissions play a decisive role, with France’s low-carbon grid enabling up to 87% lower CO2 emissions compared to steam methane reforming (SMR). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that hydrogen and heat prices dominate revenue composition, with hydrogen contributing up to 92% of total revenue under favorable market conditions. Meanwhile, electricity and gas prices significantly influence system profitability, leading to as much as 60% variation in profit. These findings highlight the combined impact of thermal integration, market volatility, and carbon intensity in designing efficient, low-emission, and economically resilient hydrogen-based energy systems.Peer reviewe
A replaceable corrugated web shear link for seismic resilience of double-column bridge bent : Experimental, numerical, and theoretical study
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier LtdThis study introduces an innovative replaceable corrugated steel web (CSW) shear link system for double-column bridge bents, designed to enhance seismic performance and enable rapid post-earthquake recovery. Through a comprehensive experimental program, eight full-scale specimens with varying geometric parameters (span-to-height ratios: 1.46–3.89; corrugation angles: 30–60° orientation configurations) were subjected to quasi-static testing to evaluate their seismic behaviors, including damage process, energy dissipation, strength, stiffness and ductility. The experimental investigation revealed four characteristic failure modes: (1) CSW tearing, (2) coupled CSW and flange buckling, (3) combined CSW tearing and flange-to-web weld fracture, and (4) endplate-to-CSW connection failure. Key findings demonstrate that specimens with span-to-height ratios below 1.0 and corrugation angles exceeding 45° exhibit superior hysteretic performance, with the vertical-oriented specimen (VL1.89-θ45-a0.29) achieving optimal energy dissipation per unit volume (4.34 × 107J/m3) at the expense of accelerated stiffness degradation (60 % reduction after 3 % drift). Analytical results indicate a nonlinear relationship between ductility enhancement and span-to-height ratios, with measured improvement by 40 % as L/H increased from 1.46 to 3.89. Complementing the experimental work, advanced finite element models incorporating ductile fracture criteria were developed, achieving a 1.06 % correlation with test results. The study further proposes and validates simplified design equations for yield strength and lateral stiffness of CSW links, providing practical tools for engineering implementation. These findings establish a technical foundation for developing resilient bridge systems with rapid recovery capabilities.Peer reviewe
Tiny shifts, major ripples Unravelling micro-mechanisms in the building of mother-infant attachment and psychophysiological regulation
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier Inc.Parental nurturing touch plays a crucial role in early infant development by activating C-Tactile afferents, which trigger neurobiological pathways essential for parent-infant bonding and the building of attachment. This process is said to regulate the infant's parasympathetic nervous system, fostering emotional and physiological connection with the caregiver. Research has consistently shown that CT-mediated touch enhances infant parasympathetic tone, yet no clear patterns of mutual co-regulation between parent and infant have been reported. Here, we replicated our previous study design to test the impact of three minutes of maternal stroking touch on mother-infant cardiorespiratory regulation, using no-touch pre- and post-stroking baselines. To control for potential confounds, we standardised the infant's holding position, used active baselines (i.e., active group) instead of resting baselines (i.e., resting group) to account for maternal metabolic activity, and compared stroking with and without massaging oil in the active group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration were measured in 30 mother-infant dyads (active group) and 24 mother-infant dyads (resting group) (infants aged 5–14 weeks) to calculate RRI-intervals (RRI), respiration frequency (fR), and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Surprisingly, no significant changes in mother and infant cardiorespiratory measures were observed in the active contrary to the resting group and the use of massaging oil had no notable impact in the active group. We suggest that these lack of changes show that subtle experimental manipulations have an influence on maternal-infant co-regulation, emphasising the importance of using research designs that respect the individualised ecological environment of parent-infant interactions and the role of micro-processes and multisensory integration in shaping regulatory attachment dynamics.Peer reviewe
Distributed robust coordinated multiple electricity substitution planning under network constraints and uncertainty
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier LtdTo achieve sustainable social development, China is promoting an electricity substitution strategy as part of its clean development initiative. This paper proposes a distributed robust coordinated optimization approach to address multiple electricity substitution planning challenges under network constraints and demand uncertainty. A linear decision rule-based robust model is developed to handle demand uncertainty when sizing electric boilers, electric heat pumps, and electric flue-curing tobacco machines, enabling adjustable conservatism while minimizing network impacts. Substitution necessity constraints are introduced to quantify cost gaps between electricity and fossil fuel devices, revealing that device capacities and costs increase with the threshold, and planning schemes become infeasible once the threshold reaches 0.3. A bi-level distributed optimization framework coordinating multiple electricity substitution planning subproblems at the lower level and enforcing power flow constraints at the upper level, is solved by the Augmented Lagrangian Alternating Direction Inexact Newton algorithm. By exchanging sensitivity matrices, the algorithm improves convergence, thus achieving the same accuracy as the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers with roughly half the iterations. Extensive case studies demonstrate that network constraints reduce planned capacities by 7.03%–11.84% depending on node location, with the largest impacts occurring in summer and winter, verifying the proposed method's efficiency and robustness.Peer reviewe
Two-stage robust economic dispatch of distribution networks considering electric vehicles charging demand-price uncertainty correlations
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier B.V.With a large number of electric vehicles (EV) connected to the distribution networks (DN), the uncertainty of the charging load of EV brings challenges to the economic operation of DN. In this paper, the economic dispatch strategy of planning and operation is proposed to optimize the economy of DN. To better describe the correlation between EV charging demand and price uncertainty, a data-driven uncertainty set based on adjacent days is incorporated into two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model. The proposed uncertainty set abandons the extreme scenario and is closer to the real-world scenarios. In the planning stage, charging piles are upgraded to devices with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service capability, minimizing the planning cost. In the operational stage, the recourse method is adopted to quantify the worst output scenarios for wind, photovoltaic, and EV charging demands, which are reflected as the operating costs of the DN. The numerical simulations are carried out under the modified IEEE-33 bus system, and the nested column and constraint generation (N-C&CG) algorithm is adopted to solve the TSRO model under data-driven uncertainty sets. The results indicate that our proposed model decreases the total cost by 14% to 32% compared to other uncertainty models, which guarantees the economy of the decisions made by the model. The analysis demonstrates that the model possesses low conservatism while ensuring robustness and economy, and is suitable for long-term planning.Peer reviewe
Advanced Bayesian study on inland navigational risk of remotely controlled autonomous ship
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier LtdThe arise of autonomous ships has necessitated the development of new risk assessment techniques and methods. This study proposes a new framework for navigational risk assessment of remotely controlled Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). This framework establishes a set of risk influencing factors affecting safety of navigation of a remotely-controlled MASS. Next, model parameters are defined based on the risk factors, and the model structure is developed using Bayesian Networks. To this end, an extensive literature survey is conducted, enhanced with the domain knowledge elicited from the experts and improved by the experimental data obtained during representative MASS model trials carried out in an inland river. Conditional Probability Tables are generated using a new function employing expert feedback regarding Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Sets. The developed Bayesian model yields the expected utilities results representing an accident's probability and consequence, with the results visualized on a dedicated diagram. Finally, the developed risk assessment model is validated by conducting three axiom tests, extreme scenarios analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Navigational environment, natural environment, traffic complexity, and shore-ship collaboration performance are critical from the probability and consequence perspective for inland navigational accidents to a remotely controlled MASS. Lastly, important nodes to Shore-Ship collaboration performance include autonomy of target ships, cyber risk, and transition from other remote control centers.Peer reviewe
Research progress on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrocatalytic or photocatalytic oxidation coupling with hydrogen production
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCBiomass and hydrogen serve as crucial alternatives to fossil fuels, addressing climate change and the shortage of fossil fuels. Hydrogen offers high energy density and emits no carbon, while biomass is abundant and renewable. Nevertheless, green hydrogen production via electrocatalysis or photocatalysis faces challenges such as slow kinetics and low efficiency. Oxidation catalysis of biomass derivatives, particularly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), has the potential to substitute for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in hydrolysis, leading to a significant increase in hydrogen evolution and the production of valuable products such as 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). This review explores recent advancements in electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic HMF oxidation coupled with hydrogen production. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for catalyzing HMF oxidation coupled with hydrogen production through a detailed analysis of the reaction mechanism of HMF oxidation coupled with hydrogen generation and the performance of bifunctional catalysts.Peer reviewe