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Multimodal MEG and microstructure-MRI investigations of the human hippocampal scene network
Full text linkUncertainty Quantification of Multimodal Models
Full text linkMultimodal classification models, particularly those designed for fine-grained tasks, offer significant potential for various applications. However, their inability to effectively manage uncertainty often hinders their effectiveness. This limitation can lead to unreliable pre-dictions and suboptimal decision-making in real-world scenarios. We propose integrating conformal prediction into multimodal classification models to address this challenge. Conformal prediction is a robust technique for quantifying uncertainty by generating sets of plausible classifications for unseen data. These sets are accompanied by guaranteed confidence levels, providing a transparent assessment of the model’s pre-diction reliability. By integrating conformal prediction, our objective is to increase the reliability and trustworthiness of multimodal classification models, thereby enabling more informed decision-making in contexts where uncertainty is a significant factor
Der Weg von Opfern von Online-Kriminalität durch die britischen Strafverfolgungsbehörden. Translated title: Understanding the journeys of online crime victims through law enforcement in Britain.
Full text linkPeople rely on digital devices to conduct their lives and businesses online, however, the Internet has also enabled traditional crimes committed offline to migrate online, allowing these crimes to be committed transnationally. This creates difficulties for Britain’s law enforcement who have historically worked in forces within geographical boundaries, investigating crimes with offenders and victims at physical locations. Nowadays, victims can be scammed online from across the world and in different jurisdictions. Virtual currency does not require transportation, since it has no physical weight, so perpetrators can attack without moving from their digital devices or leaving physical clues. Victims seek support from law enforcement, support organisations, and social support from friends and family. The journeys of victims of online crime were explored during the main author’s PhD at Royal Holloway, University of London. The study found broken systems, under-reporting and victims taking different journeys depending on whether they are victims of cyber-dependent or cyber-enabled crimes
Audio-Visual Emotion Classification Using Reinforcement Learning-Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimisation
Full text linkThe extraction of fine-grained spatial-temporal characteristics for emotion classification is a challenging task owing to the subtlety and ambiguity of emotional expressions through video and audio channels. In this research, we propose an audio-visual ensemble model, comprising a two-stream 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with RGB and optical flow as inputs for video emotion classification, as well as a variant of Wav2Vec2 for audio emotion recognition. The Wav2Vec2 variant integrates additional recurrent and attention layers with each transformer block to extract long- and short-term dependencies. A new Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm is proposed to fine-tune hyper-parameters of 3D CNNs and the enhanced Wav2Vec2, and formulate audio-visual ensemble models with the smallest sizes. It integrates a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, i.e. Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C), for search parameter and hybrid leader construction, and another RL algorithm, Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO), for search action selection, as well as hypotrochoid and super formula-based search operations. Evaluated using audio-visual emotion datasets, our evolving ensemble model outperforms those devised by other search methods and existing state-of-the-art deep networks, significantly
Constructing, Deconstructing and Reconstructing Interventions:An Applied Ethnomusicology Project in Sicalpa, Ecuador
Full text linkApplied ethnomusicology interventions are built on complex institutional, political, ideological, cultural and historical dynamics, which both enable and constrain their development in significant ways. This PhD research seeks to interrogate the dynamics that surrounded the emergence and development of an applied ethnomusicology project in Sicalpa, Ecuador, entitled Ñukanchikka kikin tunukunata takikunatapishmi charinchik (“We have our tones [tunings, modes, genres] and our songs”). Based on participatory action research strategies, the initiative aimed to challenge social and cultural inequalities and to stimulate social transformation through participatory processes and dynamics focused on music documentation and performance. I assumed the role of project facilitator. The experience had some valuable outcomes as regards identity empowerment through music and festive performance as well as the music documentation process itself. Nonetheless, it also faced several challenges and conflicts, some of which emerged from the very foundations on which it was built, and of which – as its facilitator – I had little awareness at the time.The PhD examines the Sicalpa project in hindsight, revisiting the initiative after its formal completion. It considers the broader structures and relationships that made it possible and shaped its processes, alongside offering critical reflections on the project itself and my own role within it. This entails an analysis of the histories of intellectual and institutional currents underpinning the intervention, together with a consideration of the (conflicting) viewpoints of its participants. A key contribution of the study, thus, is its diachronic perspective, an approach which is rarely featured in applied ethnomusicology. In addition to critical analysis of the work already undertaken in Sicalpa and new fieldwork, this study takes an activist stance, highlighting the importance of long-term engagement.The experience in Sicalpa emerges as a rich case study for critical reflection on an ethnomusicology that seeks to engage with social reality. It also highlights the unpredictable nature of the outcomes and reveals the complexities – ethical, epistemological, methodological, personal, etc. – surrounding these kinds of interventions. It is argued that an awareness of historical situatedness is fundamental to understanding how such projects are constrained, unfold and fit into broader contexts
Understanding the Neutron Star Population with the SKAO telescopes
Full text linkThe known population of non-accreting neutron stars is ever growing and currently consists of more than 3500 sources. Pulsar surveys with the SKAO telescopes will greatly increase the known population, adding radio pulsars to every subgroup in the radio-loud neutron star family. These discoveries will not only add to the current understanding of neutron star physics by increasing the sample of sources that can be studied, but will undoubtedly also uncover previously unknown types of sources that will challenge our theories of a wide range of physical phenomena. A broad variety of scientific studies will be made possible by a significantly increased known population of neutron stars, unravelling questions such as: How do isolated pulsars evolve with time; What is the connection between magnetars, high B-field pulsars, and the newly discovered long-period pulsars; How is a pulsar's spin-down related to its radio emission; What is the nuclear equation of state? Increasing the known numbers of pulsars in binary or triple systems may enable both larger numbers and higher precision tests of gravitational theories and general relativity, as well as probing the neutron star mass distribution. The excellent sensitivity of the SKAO telescopes combined with the wide field of view, large numbers of simultaneous tied-array beams that will be searched in real time, wide range of observing frequencies, and the ability to form multiple sub-arrays will make the SKAO an excellent facility to undertake a wide range of neutron star research. In this paper, we give an overview of different types of neutron stars and discuss how the SKAO telescopes will aid in our understanding of the neutron star population
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