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Beyond Pulsating 'Dissonance': Reflections on Andean Sonorities
Get PDFOver the past few decades several studies of Andean archaeological sound-making objects and contemporary indigenous music making have identified an aesthetic that privileges vibrant and ‘dissonant’ sonorities. This has led to the widely accepted theory that pulsating timbre, and the technology to produce it, represents an enduring characteristic of Andean sound making, with deep pre-Hispanic roots. As such it may come to resemble a form of decolonising and counterhegemonic Andean harmony, based on vibrant ‘dissonance.’ In this article I do not intend to dismantle this hypothesis – a potentially suicidal act, given my own close involvement in such research – but rather to offer some critical distance, reflections and context. We should certainly celebrate this exciting research, but – as with any influential theory which begins to acquire anaura of convention – we should also be alert to how over-generalisation, essentialism, and ideologically fuelled binaries might transform pulsating ‘dissonance’ into an Andeanist cliché. Furthermore, in an era of heritage making, we should be mindful of the tendency (or temptation) to privilege aspects of contemporary culture that suggest continuities with ancestral or pre-Hispanicpractices, and the political expediencies for which this might be employed.En las últimas décadas, varios estudios sobre los objetos sonoros arqueológicos y la música indígena contemporánea andinos han identificado una estética que privilegia sonoridades vibrantes y ‘disonantes’. Esto ha llevado a la teoría ampliamente aceptada de que el timbre pulsante y la tecnología para producirlo representen una característica perdurable de la producción sonoraandina, con profundas raíces prehispánicas. Como tal, podría llegar a parecerse a una forma de armonía andina descolonizadora y contrahegemónica, basada en una ‘disonancia’ vibrante. En este artículo no tengo la intención de desmantelar esta hipótesis – un acto potencialmente suicida, dado que yo mismo estoy profundamente involucrado en este tipo de estudios; sin embargo, quiero marcar cierta distancia al ofrecer unas reflexiones críticas, así como proporcionar algo de contexto. Sin duda, debemos celebrar este tema importante de investigación, pero, como con cualquier teoría influyente que comienza a adquirir un aura de convención, también deberíamos estar atentos a cómo su generalización excesiva, el esencialismo y los modelos de pensamientobinarios impulsados ideológicamente facilitan la transformación de esa ‘disonancia’ pulsante en un cliché de lo andino. Además, en esta era del patrimonialismo deberíamos ser conscientes de la tendencia (o tentación) a privilegiar aspectos de la cultura contemporánea que supuestamenterevelan continuidades con prácticas ancestrales o prehispánicas, así como de los fines políticos para los cuales esta tendencia podría ser empleada
Inequality of Bargaining Power and Arbitration: The Tale of Uber
Get PDFThe practice of arbitration has been expanding outside the commercial circle, reaching ‘new disputes’ that used to be decided by courts. The novelty is welcomed; nevertheless, for the practice of arbitration to be sustainable in the ‘new disputes’, a level playing field must be secured. Arbitration cannot be a mechanism to hinder justice. The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the problem of inequality of bargaining power in the context of arbitration clauses such as those which Uber used to solve disputes with its drivers. This clause was put to the test in three jurisdictions under the same challenge that the clause restricts the contracting parties’ right to bargain. Such an obstacle raises questions of how appropriate arbitration can be when it is used to obtain an advantage over weaker parties. Assessing the link between the validity of the arbitration agreement and inequality of bargaining power, the chapter first explains what is understood by inequality of bargaining power and how that works in arbitration and then highlights how this topic has been dealt with in disputes involving Uber and its drivers. The chapter concludes that a holistic approach is needed in such cases
The Ageing Brain: Exploring Corticocerebellar Network Contributions to Cognition Across the Lifespan
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Dynamics simulation-based deep residual neural networks to detect flexible shafting faults
Get PDFUse of simulation data is necessary for training fault diagnostic models because there is an insufficient amount of fault data available for intricate supercritical flexible shafting. A hybrid dynamic modelling approach combining finite element and lumped mass techniques was used to construct dynamic models of the system in both normal and fault states. The simulation signals corresponding to each state were obtained through numerical calculations and subsequently compared with the existing literature to ensure the accuracy and validity of the dynamic model. By establishing this foundation, dependable training data can be acquired for fault diagnosis within a system. A deep residual neural network with a multi-scale convolution kernel (MSResNet) was used to conduct fault diagnosis of the flexible shafting. The efficacy of the suggested approach was substantiated through an experimental analysis. The outcomes of this research establish a theoretical foundation for fault diagnosis of flexible shafting in scenarios with an insufficient number of fault samples
Multiple embodiment relations:sense-making in dissociative experiences
Get PDFIn response to a call for new conceptualizations of the self that avoid mind/body dualisms, recent research has introduced more flexible and fluid theorizations of personhood. This paper takes a phenomenological approach to examine the perceived shifts in body ownership and distribution of agency which underpin such theorizations. We focus on two dissociative experiences, namely, spirit possession and virtual reality, explicating how consumers can experience changes of perspective by disconnecting from the mainstream of their conscious awareness, allowing for a controlled “letting go,” resulting in therapeutic gains. We highlight how consumers create a larger assemblage of the self beyond single viewpoints for a new kind of experiencing. We argue that existing work has treated embodiment in a fairly symmetrical manner, insufficiently considering the inherently somatic characteristics of consumer experiences as an articulation of a multiplicity and distribution of embodiment and agentic relations, both human and non-human
Green Innovation, Environmental Governance and Green Investment in China:Exploring the Intrinsic Mechanisms Under The Framework of COP26
Get PDFUnder the surface and far apart:Hidden discord in global virtual teams
Get PDFWith the development of advanced information communication technology, globally dispersed teams have become increasingly common, and research on such teams is likely to have increased importance following COVID-19. Despite the presence of numerous factors that make discord more likely in such teams, from language asymmetries and cultural differences to technological mediation and differing communication habits, no prior research has addressed misunderstandings, non-understandings, and hidden disagreements (which I label ‘hidden discord’) in global teams. This study used semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence including global team email interactions to investigate the question “How does hidden discord impact global virtual teams?” Using an abductive analytical approach, the research found that when remote, it is more difficult for team members to enter ‘clarification cycles’ where misunderstandings and hidden disagreements can be noticed, which leads to a variety of incidents that must be managed. This study identified and categorised incidents of hidden discord, presenting six sub-categories of hidden discord, including ‘undiscussed disagreements’ and ‘repressed conflicts’ which have not previously been identified in the GVT literature. The research found that the same types of discord can have widely varying outcomes depending on the pathways taken, with outcomes being affected by the team conditions, triggers and communications medium used when the discord was revealed. The detailed accounts of these incidents revealed that when the emotional impact of these incidents was not contained effectively, teams became less efficient and had less common ground, leading to splits in the teams, reducing trust, cohesion, and authority of existing leaders. The study also found several protective factors against hidden discord, including communication skill and previous collaborations, and possible interventions such as creating common vocabulary, toleration of difference, and frequent synchronous communication. Whilst this research shows the tendency for dispersed teams to avoid and repress when experiencing communication difficulties it also shows that an array of communication techniques and technologies can prevent, identify, and manage hidden discord, ensuring incidents are dealt with through compromise and sensemaking, and creating opportunities for global teams to improvise and resolve underlying difficulties
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