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The Children and Young People’s Books Lexicon (CYP-LEX):A large-scale lexical database of books read by children and young people in the United Kingdom
Get PDFThis article introduces CYP-LEX, a large-scale lexical database derived from books popular with children and young people in the United Kingdom. CYP-LEX includes 1,200 books evenly distributed across three age bands (7–9, 10–12, 13+) and comprises over 70 million tokens and over 105,000 types. For each word in each age band, we provide its raw and Zipf-transformed frequencies, all parts-of-speech in which it occurs with raw frequency and lemma for each occurrence, and measures of count-based contextual diversity. Together and individually, the three CYP-LEX age bands contain substantially more words than any other publicly available database of books for primary and secondary school children. Most of these words are very low in frequency, and a substantial proportion of the words in each age band do not occur on British television. Although the three age bands share some very frequent words, they differ substantially regarding words that occur less frequently, and this pattern also holds at the level of individual books. Initial analyses of CYP-LEX illustrate why independent reading constitutes a challenge for children and young people, and they also underscore the importance of reading widely for the development of reading expertise. Overall, CYP-LEX provides unprecedented information into the nature of vocabulary in books that British children aged 7+ read, and is a highly valuable resource for those studying reading and language development
ICDP workshop on the Lake Victoria Drilling Project (LVDP):Scientific Drilling of the World’s Largest Tropical Lake
Get PDFLake Victoria, which is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and has a catchment that extends to Rwanda and Burundi, is home to the largest human population surrounding any lake in the world and provides critical resources across eastern Africa. Lake Victoria is also the world’s largest tropical lake by surface area, but it is relatively shallow and without a major inlet, making it very sensitive to changes in climate, and especially hydroclimate. Furthermore, its size creates abundant habitats for aquatic fauna, including the iconic hyper-diverse cichlids, and serves as a major geographic barrier to terrestrial fauna across equatorial Africa. Given Lake Victoria’s importance to the eastern African region, its sensitivity to climate, and its influences on terrestrial and aquatic faunal evolution and dispersal, it is vital to understand the connection between the lake, regional climate, and how the lake size, shape, and depth has changed through its depositional history. This information can only be ascertained by collecting a complete archive of Lake Victoria’s sedimentary record. To evaluate Lake Victoria basin as a potential drilling target, ~50 scientists from 10 countries met in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in July 2022 for the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) sponsored Lake Victoria Drilling Project (LVDP) workshop. Discussions of the main scientific objectives for a future drilling project included: 1) recovering the Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary records of Lake Victoria that document the dynamic nature of the lake, including multiple lacustrine and paleosol sequences; 2) establishing the chronology of recovered sediments, including using extensive tephra fingerprinting and other techniques from deposits in the region; 3) reconstructing past climate, environment, lacustrine conditions, and aquatic fauna, using an integrated multi-proxy approach, combined with climate and hydrologic modeling; and 4) connecting new records with existing sedimentary snapshots and fossils exposed in deposits around the lake, tying archeological, paleontological, sedimentological, tectonic, and volcanic findings to new drilling results. The LVDP provides an innovative way to address critical geological, paleontological, climatological, and evolutionary biological questions about Quaternary to modern landscapes and ecosystems in eastern Africa. Importantly, this project affords an excellent opportunity to help develop conservation and management strategies for regional responses to current and future changes in climate, land use, fisheries, and resiliency of at-risk communities in equatorial Africa
With hand on heart:A cardiac Rubber Hand Illusion
Get PDFBody illusions such as the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) have highlighted how multisensory integration underpins the sense of one’s own body. Much of this research has focused on senses arising from outside the body (e.g. vision and touch), but sensations from within the body may also play a role. In a pre-registered study, participants completed a cardiac variation of the RHI, where taps to the finger occurred in or out of time with the heartbeat. We replicated the RHI effect, showing that synchronous but not asynchronous taps to the real and rubber hand increased sensations of embodiment over the rubber hand and caused a shift in the perceived hand location. However, there were no significant influences of cardiac timing on embodiment, nor did it interact with visuo-tactile synchrony. An exploratory analysis found a three-way interaction between synchrony, cardiac timing and interoceptive accuracy as measured by a heartbeat counting task, such that greater interoceptive accuracy was associated with lower embodiment ratings in the systole condition compared to diastole, but only during synchronous stimulation. Although our novel methodology successfully replicated the RHI, our findings suggest that the cooccurence of vision and touch with cardiac signals may make little contribution to the sense of one’s body
Coma in adult cerebral venous thrombosis:The BEAST study
Get PDFBackground and purpose: Coma is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to describe the association of age, sex, and radiological characteristics of adult coma patients with CVT. Methods: We used data from the international, multicentre prospective observational BEAST (Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis) study. Only positively associated variables with coma with <10% missing data in univariate analysis were considered for the multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the 596 adult patients with CVT (75.7% women), 53 (8.9%) patients suffered coma. Despite being a female-predominant disease, the prevalence of coma was higher among men than women (13.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.04). Transverse sinus thrombosis was least likely to be associated with coma (23.9% vs. 73.3%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was higher among men than women in the coma sample (73.6% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.01). Men were significantly older than women, with a median (interquartile range) age of 51 (38.5–60) versus 40 (33–47) years in the coma (p = 0.04) and 44.5 (34–58) versus 37 (29–48) years in the non-coma sample (p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, an age-and superior sagittal sinus-adjusted multivariate logistic regression model found male sex (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–3.4, p = 0.04 to be an independent predictor of coma in CVT, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.52–0.68, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Although CVT is a female-predominant disease, men were older and nearly twice as likely to suffer from coma than women
Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
Get PDFMoving Gender Across, Between and Beyond the Binaries:In Conversation with Shona Bettany, Olimpia Burchiellaro and Rohan Venkatraman
Get PDFThis panel discussion explores why marketing and consumer behaviour has struggled to move beyond the binary, the importance of disrupting the conventional binaries to recognize gender/sex/ual diversity, and the challenges in so doing. It raises to the fore concerns about institutional pressures, sanitization of work, academic positionalities, everyday encounters of discrimination against gender/sex/ual diversity, and the emancipatory but oppressive dynamics of categories. Yet the panellists also reflect on ways to challenge binaristic thinking. Just being in the academy and doing (small but) meaningful acts of institutional activism can produce ripple effects and open pathways for a better articulation of lived experiences and realities
Sustainable Manufacturing Evaluation of the Food Industry:A Case of Rice Manufacturing
Get PDFThe food industry remains one of the significant sectors supporting the world economy. The continuous rapid population growth will surely increase the demand for food. Thus, it is imperative to consider the continuous improvement that will support sustainability in food manufacturing. The food industry needs to work on ensuring sustainable manufacturing implementation or integration into processes and product outputs. Hence, this paper needs to assess emerging technologies and practices as the sector faces the challenges of developing and maintaining a sustainable food supply. Therefore, the entire sustainability aspect of agricultural food production (rice production in particular), processing, and integrated supply chain will need to be investigated to ensure that sustainable practices are embedded adequately within the processing supply chain. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach is used in this study together with a predetermined set of key performance indicators (KPIs) to analyze the sustainability performance of the food manufacturing industry and facilitate the creation of a strategy. The result identified “environmental” as the most paramount sustainability factor, with other highly ranked indicators that cover the three factors
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