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Ethics and international business research:Considerations and best practices
Get PDFResearch integrity matters. It enables researchers to trust each other and their findings, and provides a basis for society’s trust in our research. We explore research integrity using the lens of international business (IB) research, focusing on IB research methods. We narrow the topic further by focusing on ethical issues associated with a single project by a single author. We examine the methodological challenges involved in conducting research in the complex IB environment and propose best practices for both quantitative and qualitative IB research methods. In some ways, this is a “back to basics” message; in other ways, we draw attention to the heightened complexity of the IB environment and the need to invest in rigorous methods and ethical practices in our unending pursuit of truth
Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
Get PDFComparing gravitational waveform models for binary black hole mergers through a hypermodels approach
Get PDFThe inference of source parameters from gravitational-wave signals relies on theoretical models that describe the emitted waveform. Different model assumptions on which the computation of these models is based could lead to biases in the analysis of gravitational-wave data. In this work, we sample directly on four state-of-the-art binary black hole waveform models from different families, in order to investigate these systematic biases from the 13 heaviest gravitational-wave sources with moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios in the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC- 3). All models include spin-precession as well as higher-order modes. Using the "hypermodels" technique, we treat the waveform models as one of the sampled parameters, therefore directly getting the odds ratio of one waveform model over another from a single parameter estimation run. From the joint odds ratio over all 13 sources, we find the model NRSur7dq4 to be favoured over SEOBNRv4PHM, with an odds ratio of 29.43; IMRPhenomXPHM and IMRPhenomTPHM have an odds ratio, respectively, of 4.70 and 5.09 over SEOBNRv4PHM. However, this result is mainly determined by three events that show a strong preference for some of the models and that are all affected by possible data quality issues. If we do not consider these potentially problematic events, the odds ratio do not exhibit a significant preference for any of the models. Although further work studying a larger set of signals will be needed for robust quantitative results, the presented method highlights one possible avenue for future waveform model development
Queer Lives during Conflict in Northern Ireland:Deconstructing the "Two Communities" Model
Get PDFThis article poses the question of how incorporating the “subjugated knowledge” of queer histories of the Troubles in Northern Ireland affects understandings of the conflict in international relations and security studies. It argues that while the centrality of the “two communities” model drives all other issues to the political margins and perpetuates division, adopting a queer approach can deconstruct the identities of those communities and suggest ways to move beyond that model. It uses Jack Halberstam’s queer methodology as a “scavenger methodology” to draw on existing published interviews, as well as plays and films representing queer experiences during the Troubles, and a queer theoretical approach that seeks to both foreground queer experiences and challenge normative and binary understandings of identity in this context. Focusing on queer lives during the conflict reveals that constructing the identities of the two communities depends on excluding the queer subject, that queer people’s security during the conflict was shaped by their queer identity, and that queerness can and has been mobilized to deconstruct received narratives and the apparently essential identities of the two communities, demonstrating some possibilities for dismantling the unionist/nationalist dichotomy
Large igneous province control on ocean anoxia and eutrophication in the North Sea at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Get PDFPermeability characterisation of sedimentological facies in the Bunter Sandstone Formation, Endurance CO2 storage site, offshore UK
Get PDFPermeability variations due to sedimentological heterogeneity are important in controlling CO2 migration pathways, CO2 plume dynamics, and stratigraphic, capillary and dissolution trapping of CO2 in subsurface storage units and complexes. Thus, knowing these parameters is crucial to developing a CO2 injection strategy that maximizes storage and trapping efficiency. In this study we analyzed the sedimentological and permeability heterogeneity of the Bunter Sandstone Formation at the Endurance CO2 storage site, offshore UK, through integrated facies analysis, minipermeameter measurements, and thin section analysis. Detailed core logging and outcrop analysis were performed to identify facies and related heterogeneities. Twelve lithofacies have been identified in cores. By analyzing the stacking patterns of the facies, three facies associations and three architectural elements were identified in cores and outcrop analogues, respectively. Heterogeneities occur at all the scales ranging from mm-scale laminae to 10′s m-scale architectural elements.Permeability variations at outcrop and in core are closely related to sedimentological heterogeneities. Minipermeameter and core plug permeability data show up to three orders of magnitude variation across the facies. Cross-bedded (Sp, St, Sl, Spmc) and structureless (Sm) sandstones are the most permeable (4–5400 mD) facies, whereas pebbly conglomerates (Gmg) and laminated mudstones (Fl) are least permeable (0.18–89 mD) facies. Mottled and deformed sandstone (Smd) and crinkly laminated sandstone (Sc) have highly variable permeability (0.69–480 mD). Minipermeameter data reveal permeability varies by a factor of five at centimeter scale within planar cross-bedded (Sp), trough cross-bedded (St) and planar bedded sandstone (Sh) sandstone facies, while planar cross-bedded sandstone with mud clasts along foresets (Spmc) exhibit permeability variation up to a factor of four. Petrographic analysis of thin sections shows that these permeability variations are related to changes in grain size, clay content, and distribution of dolomite cements
Challenges in Maritime Cybersecurity Training and Compliance
Get PDFThe implementation of cybersecurity standards and directives in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in protecting critical maritime infrastructures from cyber threats. The level of protection de-pends heavily on humans. However, the effectiveness of cybersecurity training and compliance programmes, an essential component of these standards, is often hindered by challenges related to the sector’s environment, including the established technologies, practices, and norms. This paper aims to identify these challenges through a literature review and set the basis for more effective human risk minimization, responses, and training. We identify 17 challenges and validate them with an online survey (N = 205) capturing real-world perspectives from maritime-related stake-holders. Our findings contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of maritime cybersecurity training and compliance programmes, ultimately strengthening the maritime cybersecurity
Organising Emerging Intelligent Technologies:The Case of Autonomous AI-Coordinated Drone Ecosystems
Get PDFEmerging technologies such as 3D printing, data analytics and robotics, to mention a few, are not just evolving; they are becoming intelligent, interconnected, and constitutive elements of organising practices. These innovative technologies, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), hold immense potential for organisations across industries and society. What sets them apart is their constant evolution and adaptability, both in their uncertain design, use, and effects, which are always in flux. They are constantly acquiring, sharing, and analysing vast real-time unstructured datasets to operate autonomously or collaborate with humans in ways that seem intentional (Bailey et al., 2022). This long abstract presents an initial framework for unpacking the black box of sociomaterial agencies that are performing intelligent AI drones. To do so, we build on longitudinal ethnographic empirical data gathered over two years on an exemplary case: a modularised ecosystem of AI-coordinated drones. In this ecosystem, drones are designed to work flexibly and adaptably, with each drone performing a specific task based on the system's needs. These drones collect, analyse, and mobilise complex real-time data sets to “intelligently” coordinate logistical and commercial parcel deliveries through embedded sensors. The paper contributes to the underexplored scholarly debates on intelligent automation's broader societal and ethical implications by exploring how autonomously coordinated technologies guided by AI perform intelligent decision-making practices responsibly. We also offer an 'artifactual' perspective on data where data is viewed as a product of human sociomaterial practices rather than objective facts. This understanding has significant implications for the responsible design and use of AI. Finally, our research aims to inform practitioners and policymakers about the safe delivery of drone technology for delivery services and (para)-military activities while examining the potential benefits AI technologies can bring to such endeavours. <br/
Introducing the concept of the Widom line in the QCD phase diagram
Get PDFCritical phenomena emerging from the critical end point of a first-order transition are ubiquitous in nature. Here we bring the concept of a supercritical crossover, the Widom line, initially developed in the context of fluids, into the interacting matter described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We show that the existence of the putative critical end point between hadron gas and quark-gluon plasma in the temperature versus chemical potential of the QCD phase diagram implies the existence of a Widom line emerging from it in the supercritical region. We survey the thermodynamic anomalies already identified in simplified theoretical models of QCD exhibiting a critical end point, to show that they can be interpreted in terms of a Widom line. Then we suggest possible directions where the Widom line concept could provide new light on the QCD phase diagram
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