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Neutron-star Measurements in the Multi-messenger Era
Get PDFNeutron stars are compact and dense celestial objects that offer the unique opportunity to explore matter and its interactions under conditions that cannot be reproduced elsewhere in the Universe. Their extreme gravitational, rotational and magnetic energy reservoirs fuel the large variety of their emission, which encompasses all available multi-messenger tracers: electromagnetic and gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. However, accurately measuring global neutron-star properties such as mass, radius, and moment of inertia poses significant challenges. Probing internal characteristics such as the crustal composition or superfluid physics is even more complex. This article provides a comprehensive review of the different methods employed to measure neutron-star characteristics and the level of reliance on theoretical models. Understanding these measurement techniques is crucial for advancing our knowledge of neutron-star physics. We also highlight the importance of employing independent methods and adopting a multi-messenger approach to gather complementary data from various observable phenomena as exemplified by the recent breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy and the landmark detection of a binary neutron-star merger. Consolidating the current state of knowledge on neutron-star measurements will enable an accurate interpretation of the current data and errors, and better planning for future observations and experiments
Integrity-protecting block cipher modes - Untangling a tangled web
Get PDFThis paper re-examines the security of three related block cipher modes of operation designed toprovide authenticated encryption. These modes, known as PES-PCBC, IOBC and EPBC, were all proposed in the mid-1990s. However, analyses of security of the latter two modes were published more recently. In each case one or more papers describing security issues with the schemes were eventually published, although a flaw in one of these analyses (of EPBC) was subsequently discovered - this means that until now EPBC had no known major issues. This paper establishes that, despite this, all three schemes possess defects which should prevent their use - especially as there are a number of efficient alternative schemes possessing proofs of security
The Rise of Human-Machine Collaboration:Managers’ Perceptions of Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced B2B Service Recovery
Get PDFThis research analyzes managers’ perceptions of the multiple types of artificial intelligence (AI) required at each stage of the business-to-business (B2B) service recovery journey for successful human-AI collaboration in this context. Study 1 is an exploratory study that identifies managers’ perceptions of the main stages of a B2B service recovery journey based on human-AI collaboration and the corresponding roles of the human-AI collaboration at each stage. Study 2 provides an empirical examination of the proposed theoretical framework to identify the specific types of intelligence required by AI to enhance performance in each stage of B2B service recovery, based on managers’ perceptions. Our findings show that the prediction stage benefits from collaborations involving processing-speed and visual-spatial AI. The detection stage requires logic-mathematical, social, and processing-speed AI. The recovery stage requires logic-mathematical, social, verbal-linguistic, and processing-speed AI. The post-recovery stage calls for logic-mathematical, social, verbal-linguistic, and processing-speed AI
Teaching Mobilities from where?:The disciplines, institutions, positionalities, and spaces of mobility pedagogies
Get PDFWhat drives the frequency of terrorist attacks? Thematic Analysis of a Rapid Evidence Assessment
No full textUnderstanding how and why the frequency of terrorist attacks can change is clearly a critical issue and an increasing amount of research has focused on this subject. This article presents the results of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) of research published from 2012 to 2022 on this area. A total of 50 articles were identified which met the review’s criteria thresholds. Thematic analysis identified eight core themes across the research which affected the frequency of terrorist attacks: Regime Type and Domestic Politics; Economic factors; Military Intervention and Foreign Fighters; Migration; Climate Change and Natural Disasters; Terrorist Organisational Qualities; Terrorist Target Selection Practices; and, Media Coverage. The article also considers the research methods used across the studies and, in particular, reflects on the heavy reliance placed on the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).Potential implications in terms of policy as well as recommended avenues for future research are discussed
EXPRESS:Stereotypes Bias Social Class Perception from Faces: The Roles of Race, Gender, Affect, and Attractiveness
Get PDFDo Review Sessions Improve Exam Performance? Evidence from the UK
Get PDFOut-of-term classroom time to review exam-related material is widespread. However, despite the investment in organizing and running the review sessions, their causal effect on exam performance remains unknown. Using individual-level data from a quasi-experiment, this paper identifies the effect of a review session on exam performance in a large undergraduate economics course in the United Kingdom. Contrary to pedagogical priors, the effect is insignificant. It is not driven by selection bias and remains insignificant in a series of robustness checks. The puzzling irrelevance of review sessions is discussed. A low-cost response might be to schedule review sessions closer to the exam
Warning – Taboo Words Ahead! Avoiding Attentional Capture by Spoken Taboo Distractors
Get PDFWe examine whether the disruption of serial short-term memory (STM) by spoken taboo distractors is due to attentional diversion and unrelated to the underlying disruptive effect of sound on serial STM more generally, which we have argued is due to order cues arising from the automatic pre-categorical processing of acoustic changes in the sound conflicting with serial–order processing within the memory task (interferenceby-process). We test whether the taboo-distractor effect is, unlike effects attributable to interference-by-process, amenable to top-down control. Experiment 1 replicated the taboo-distractor effect and showed that it is not merely a valence effect. However, promoting cognitive control by increasing focal task-load did not attenuate the effect. However, foreknowledge of the distractors did eliminate the taboo-distractor effect while having no effect on disruption by neutral words (Experiment 2). We conclude that the taboo-distractor effect results from a controllable attentional-diversion mechanism distinct from the effect of any acoustically-changing sound
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