17837 research outputs found
Sort by
Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
Get PDF
Habit:Training and creativity
Get PDFThe thread of my argument is wound between two basic determinations of human life: that to survive we must both be able to adapt and yet also to spontaneously perform actions without thinking. Thus conceived, habit is a polar phenomenon, with ‘bad’ habits (mechanical repetition) at one pole and ‘good’ habits (informed choices) at the other. Far from considering habit as a mechanically repeated action, I maintain it is the form taken by embodied knowledge. Habit is what we perform, and the more we learn, the richer our performance. We are dealing with a form of knowing that is evidenced through expert performance rather than verbal discussion – in this sense, it is tacit
Transdiagnostic Psychological Interventions for Symptoms of Common Mental Disorders Delivered by Non-specialist Providers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFOrganising Emerging Intelligent Technologies:The Case of Autonomous AI-Coordinated Drone Ecosystems
Get PDFEmerging technologies such as 3D printing, data analytics and robotics, to mention a few, are not just evolving; they are becoming intelligent, interconnected, and constitutive elements of organising practices. These innovative technologies, powered by artificial intelligence (AI), hold immense potential for organisations across industries and society. What sets them apart is their constant evolution and adaptability, both in their uncertain design, use, and effects, which are always in flux. They are constantly acquiring, sharing, and analysing vast real-time unstructured datasets to operate autonomously or collaborate with humans in ways that seem intentional (Bailey et al., 2022). This long abstract presents an initial framework for unpacking the black box of sociomaterial agencies that are performing intelligent AI drones. To do so, we build on longitudinal ethnographic empirical data gathered over two years on an exemplary case: a modularised ecosystem of AI-coordinated drones. In this ecosystem, drones are designed to work flexibly and adaptably, with each drone performing a specific task based on the system's needs. These drones collect, analyse, and mobilise complex real-time data sets to “intelligently” coordinate logistical and commercial parcel deliveries through embedded sensors. The paper contributes to the underexplored scholarly debates on intelligent automation's broader societal and ethical implications by exploring how autonomously coordinated technologies guided by AI perform intelligent decision-making practices responsibly. We also offer an 'artifactual' perspective on data where data is viewed as a product of human sociomaterial practices rather than objective facts. This understanding has significant implications for the responsible design and use of AI. Finally, our research aims to inform practitioners and policymakers about the safe delivery of drone technology for delivery services and (para)-military activities while examining the potential benefits AI technologies can bring to such endeavours. <br/
Factors in Terrorist Risk Assessment:A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Extremism Risk Guidance (ERG22+) factors
Get PDFPurposeSince 2011, the Extremism Risk Guidance (ERG 22+) has been the primary risk assessment framework used for terrorist and violent extremist offenders in England and Wales. The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid evidence assessment to examine the research literature on the ERG22+ factors and to identify possible significant new and emerging knowledge around potential new factors.Design/methodology/approachSearches were conducted of the Google Scholar database to identify relevant literature published between 2012 and 2020. 29 documents were identified which examined new radicalisation models and frameworks, 339 were identified which explored to some extent one or more of the current ERG factors, and a further 138 articles were identified which focused on potentially relevant additional issues/factors.FindingsMost of the ERG factors were the focus of substantial research activity between 2012-2020. Six factors, however, received very little research attention. Potential implications of these trends are considered. Ten research themes were identified with the potential to either form new factors or which could play a significant role in the updating or revision of some existing factors. Originality/valueThis paper is the first rapid evidence assessment on the ERG22+ risk factors. It provides an important picture of the published scientific research of potential relevance in this area and helps to inform the review process for the ERG22+. <br/
The effect of wetting history, botanical composition and depth on the specific yield of two common types of bog peat
Get PDFSpecific yield affects how much the water table rises and falls in response to rainfall, to evaporation and to seepage gains and losses. It also affects the aeration of the soil above the water table. Although widely measured in peat soils, the effect of wetting history on its value has not been investigated. Specific yield has been estimated in many studies by cutting peat cores into layers, and measuring how much water drains from the individual layers after they have been wetted. Specific yield, however, is a phenomenon of the soil profile and not subsections, so this method may not provide a reliable estimate of its value. Few studies have reported on the effect of botanical composition on specific yield, or at least have not controlled for the effect by keeping other peat properties like degree of humification constant. We addressed these questions by measuring specific yield in intact cores of peat in a series of laboratory experiments. Two common but contrasting types of Sphagnum peat were investigated that had similar degrees of humification: Sphagnum medium peat and Sphagnum pulchrum peat. We found that specific yield was highly variable, ranging between 0.16 and 0.62. Specific yield was not affected by wetting history, but was significantly different between the peat types, being on average 0.21 higher in the S. pulchrum cores. Specific yield did not vary with depth in the S. medium cores but declined linearly with depth at a rate of 0.018 per cm in the Sphagnum pulchrum cores. Finally, we found that drainage from the peat profile above the zone through which the water table falls is an important component of specific yield, contributing more than 66%–91% of its value in the S. pulchrum peat. Our results show that wetting history probably does not need to be accounted for when estimating specific yield, although further work on this potential effect is recommended. Our work highlights the importance of measuring specific yield using intact cores (field methods may also be appropriate) and suggests that many previous peatland studies may have underestimated its value
Effect of mechanical stratigraphy on the structure and kinematics of salt-bearing fold-and-thrust belts:Insights from scaled analogue experiments with optical strain monitoring (digital image correlation)
Get PDF2D contractional scaled analogue experiments with composite materials including silica-sand and mica-flakes for overburden and silicone for salt analogue are used to investigate effects of mechanical stratigraphy on the structural evolution and kinematics of salt-detached fold-thrust-belts. Specific parameters tested are mechanical stratigraphy of the overburden and thickness variation of the basal silicone layer. The silicone-detached models in general are characterized by low-taper thrust wedge geometries and non-systematic vergence of folds and thrusts. Strain localization in the undeformed layer occurs as an in-sequence foreland breaking sequence. Strain is nucleating as detachment folds including thrust-bounded and concentric folds. Increased shortening develops break-thrusts in fold limbs. In-sequence frontal thrust interacts with out-of-sequence reactivation of older thrusts in the internal thrust wedge. Syn-kinematic silicone mobilization causes diapirism, allochthonous sheets and source-fed thrust. The specific distribution of discordant and allochthonous silicone structures vary with the mechanical stratigraphy. The impact of the mica-interlayer in the overburden sequence is strain-dependent. It strengthens the undeformed sand-pack compared to initial thrusting while active thrusts with mica-flakes in shear zones are weaker and active for longer than in homogeneous sand-pack. The longevity of thrusts correlates with the transfer of silicone to external domains and hanging-walls of thrusts. The silicone thickness controls the strain nucleation modes whether thrusting-dominated or folding-dominated predating main-thrusting stages. It also governs silicone supply and flow regimes with thick silicone source layers being readily remobilized to source-fed thrust and inflate silicone massifs in the foreland. Insights from the modelling results are that the formation of large-transport source-fed thrusts such as Quele Thrust (China) and Chazuta Thrust (Peru) observed in salt-bearing FTB's is possibly attributed to salt detachment thickness and anisotropic overburden resulting from mechanically layered stratigraphy
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Royal Holloway - Pure? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!