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Caregivers' Perceptions of COVID-19 Educational Disruptions on Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Typically Developing Peers
Get PDFRacially Minoritised Young People’s Experiences of Navigating COVID-19 Challenges:A Community Cultural Wealth Perspective
Get PDFThis article explores the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on racially minoritised children and young people. It draws on a study that investigated the factors that impacted the well-being and resilience of Black and Asian children and young people in the UK during the pandemic. The study employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with Black and Asian children aged twelve to nineteen years, to explore their perspectives of the contributing factors that impacted the health, well-being and the coping strategies and support they were able to draw upon to navigate challenges. The thematic analysis highlighted themes of: (1) Support and well-being and (2) coping strategies and resilience to understand the layered elements of multiple intersecting identities and inequities. The findings revealed insights into the intersection of multiple disadvantages, namely economic stressors, food poverty, digital inequality, disruptededucation and disproportionate losses that impacted family functioning, peer-to-peer support, friendships and social connection. Through the lens of community cultural wealth, this article seeks to examine key factors that need to be foregrounded when lived experiences are rooted in the cumulative effects of multiple intersecting inequalities. The findings provide insights into the challenges exacerbated by structural inequalities and racial disparities that disproportionately impacted youth experiences
Effective Communication with People with Dementia:An Exploratory Study of Pre-registration Occupational Therapy Students
Get PDFDementia is a major global concern, with 50 million people already affected worldwide in 2018, and this number is expected to triple by 2050. Healthcare practitioners, specifically occupational therapists, are responsible for providing care and ensuring the well-being of people with dementia. However, occupational therapy students may not always have the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively communicate and support dementia patients, which could negatively impact the quality of care they provide. To explore this issue, a study was conducted with final-year pre-registration occupational therapy students at a public university in England. The study used a qualitative methodology, with semi-structured interviews of students. The objective was to understand the perspective of their learning experiences about communicating with dementia patients. The analysis revealed three main themes: dementia content and teaching methods, gaps in learning about communication with people with dementia, and limited placement opportunities. The study also encouraged occupational therapy students' suggestions for improving the curriculum for future students. The findings also contributed to existing literature in the field and suggested areas for further research
Adverse Events, Interoceptive Attention and Emotion Regulation in the General Population: An Experience Sampling Study.
Get PDFProfessionals' experiences on using Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) to support adults with Intellectual Disability (ID)
Get PDFCompassion-Focused Therapy Change Mechanisms in a Complex PTSD Population
Get PDFStudy 1: Investigating the Relationships between Shame, Compassion, and ICD-11 Complex PTSD Symptom ClustersComplex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is characterised by six symptom clusters with three core PTSD symptoms (re-experiencing, avoidance, and a current sense of threat) and three disturbances in self-organisation (DSO) symptoms (affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships; World Health Organisation [WHO], 2021). Shame may play a significant role in CPTSD, and compassion may be important for reducing shame and treating CPTSD. However, the relationships between shame, compassion, and the DSO symptom clusters have not yet been investigated. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between shame (global, internal, external), self-compassion, the ability to receive compassion from others, and DSO symptom clusters in a treatment-seeking CPTSD population. Multiple regression analyses with wild bootstrapping were performed on pre-treatment data from a pre-existing database of 75 adults with probable CPTSD, controlling for multicollinearity. The three-predictor model (self-compassion, compassion from others, and global shame) accounted for significant variance in negative self-concept. Compassion from others was a unique negative predictor of disturbances in relationships. This suggests that the ability to receive compassion from others may be crucial for interpersonal difficulties in CPTSD. However, the model did not account for significant variance and had no unique predictors for affective dysregulation. Self-compassion and global shame also did not demonstrate significant unique associations with the DSO symptom clusters. The complex interplay between shame, compassion, and other factors in CPTSD symptoms warrants further investigation. The findings have implications for psychological interventions targeting interpersonal functioning in CPTSD.Study 2: Change Mechanisms within a Compassionate Resilience Group for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Single Case Experimental DesignShame is a core feature of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) that can significantly impair functioning. Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) aims to reduce shame and self-criticism by developing compassion. This study used a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design (SCED) to investigate the change mechanisms of a CFT-based Compassionate Resilience Group (CRG) intervention for adults with CPTSD, focusing on shame, self-compassionate action, social safeness, heart rate variability (HRV), and the three flows of compassion. Three participants with probable CPTSD were randomly allocated to different baseline lengths (one, two or three weeks) before starting the 13-session CRG intervention. Shame, self-compassionate action, social safeness, and HRV were measured daily using visual analogue scales and an HRV smartphone application. The three flows of compassion and global, internal, and external shame were assessed weekly using standardised measures. Data were analysed using visual analysis, Tau-U, Non-overlap of All Pairs, reliable change index, and clinically significant change. Participants showed mixed responses to the intervention. One participant demonstrated a significant decrease in shame and reliable improvements in compassion for and from others. Other participants showed no significant changes or increased shame, with limited data due to attrition. The study provides preliminary evidence for the CRG's potential to influence shame and particular compassion flows. However, the findings are limited by the small sample and high attrition. Further research with larger samples is needed to establish the intervention's efficacy and change mechanisms. The study highlights the importance of considering shame measurement and adopting a long-term, compassionate approach in CPTSD treatment.The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy for the Three Flows of Compassion, Self-Criticism, and Shame in Clinical Populations: A Systematic ReviewCompassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) has shown promise for addressing mental health conditions, but reviews have lacked focus on CFT interventions and CFT’s key theoretical change mechanisms. This limits our understanding of how CFT specifically impacts the components it aims to target, such as the compassion flows, self-criticism, and shame, which might be crucial for compassionate change. This systematic review included literature from 2000 to 2024, evaluating the effectiveness of CFT on the three flows of compassion, self-criticism, and shame in 16 studies involving clinical populations. Outcomes were assessed from pre-intervention to post-intervention and pre-intervention to follow-up, with narrative synthesis. The risk of bias was appraised. The review showed preliminary findings on the effectiveness of CFT for compassion flows, self-criticism, and shame among clinical populations. Outcomes demonstrated consistent improvements in self-criticism (12 studies) and self-compassion (eight studies), with small to large effects. Reductions in external shame were also observed (six studies). There was limited and inconsistent evidence for internal shame (one study), the ability to give compassion to others (three studies), and the ability to receive compassion from others (two studies). Follow-up analysis was conducted for three studies and suggested some maintenance of outcomes, but findings were inconsistent. Certainty and clinical applicability are currently limited due to the need for more rigorous, standardised research addressing design, measurement, and sampling limitations. Further research is needed to understand the impact of CFT on interpersonal compassion and shame
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