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Schoenberg on the threshold of ‘atonality’:The Book of the Hanging Gardens and the Second String Quartet
Get PDFAdvocates of Collaboration:Assembling Cyber Intelligence in the UK
Get PDFThis thesis explores the role of collaboration in cyber intelligence in the UK. The project responds to calls for the use of a wider range of methodologies in intelligence studies by using actor-network theory as an approach to conducting empirical research and analysing material. This involves viewing cyber intelligence as an inherently socio-technical process, leading to an account of this phenomenon that is more ‘social’ than that found in the technically oriented cyber security literature, while emphasising material factors that can be absent from mainstream intelligence studies accounts. This thesis uses interviews with practitioners and autoethnographic reflection on the research process to explore the everyday workings of cyber intelligence in the UK. Analysing cyber intelligence as an actor-network shows how this phenomenon transcends perceived boundaries between the private sector and the public sector. This challenges the assumption that intelligence is primarily a modality of state action and that the key actors are government agencies. Through the analysis of specific moments of intelligence sharing, the thesis draws out the importance of ad hoc, personal relations in what can otherwise be conceptualised as a formalised, technical process. The thesis examines how people working in cyber intelligence describe their practices and ultimately themselves, drawing on actor-network accounts of claims about expertise and genealogies of key concepts to explore how these descriptions are bound up in claims of expertise at the intersection of competing professional worlds. This account emphasises the work that goes into creating the personal relationships that interviewees view as crucial for intelligence sharing and collaboration. It explores how participants in these processes engage in acts of translation to create associations between different groups. Finally, it examines the role played by material objects such as badges and buildings in enabling these collaborative relationships
Researching race, accounting, and accountability:past, present, and future
Get PDFAbstractPurpose: This paper introduces the special issue on Race and accounting and accountability. In so doing, it explores racism in its historical and contemporary forms and, the role of accounting and accountability in enabling racism and racial discrimination, and also efforts of redress and resistance. Design/methodology/approach: We reflect on several critical themes to demonstrate the pervasive and insidious nature of racism and, review the literature on race and racism in accounting, focusing on studies that followed the seminal work by Annisette and Prasad (2017) who called for more research. We also review the six papers included in this special issue. Findings: While many overt systems of racial domination experienced throughout history have subsided, racism is engrained in our everyday lives and in broader societal structures in more covert and nuanced forms. Yet, in accounting, as Annisette and Prasad noted, focus has continued to be on the historical. This special issue shifts this imbalance - five of the six papers focus on contemporary racism. Moreover, it demonstrates that although accounting technologies can and do facilitate racism and racist practices, accountability and counter accounts offer avenues for calling out and disrupting the powers and privileges that underlie racial discrimination and, resistance by un-silencing minority groups subjected to discrimination and injustice. Originality: This introduction and the papers in the special issue offer rich empirical and theoretical contributions to accounting and accountability research on race and racial discrimination. We hope they inspire future race research to nurture progress towards a true post-racial society. Keywords: accounting; accountability; contemporary discrimination; exploitation; race; racism. <br/
The relationship between interoception and stress: An experience sampling study
Get PDFInteroception, the processing of one’s own body signals, has been related to numerous mental and physical health conditions including stress. However, large discrepancies in the definitions and theories of interoceptive processes have led to important methodological limitations. This has resulted in limitations in our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the relationship between interoception and mental health, particularly stress. As such, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between interoception and stress using an improved methodological framework for assessing interoception, as well as a multi-measure approach for assessing stress. We predicted that (1) trait and state stress would be negatively associated with objective interoceptive accuracy; (2) trait and state stress would be positively associated with trait self-reported interoceptive attention; (3) trait and state stress would be negatively associated with trait self-reported interoceptive accuracy; and (4) state interoceptive attention would be positively related to trait, state, and physiological stress. Correlational analyses of trait-based measures of interoception and stress demonstrated different relationships between trait interoception and stress. Specifically, trait interoceptive attention was positively associated with self-reported and physiological stress, while trait interoceptive accuracy was only negatively associated with self-reported stress but not physiological stress. Multi-level models of the experience sampling data (state measures) showed positive relationships between state measures of interoceptive attention and state stress. No relationship was found between the objective measure of interoceptive accuracy and trait or state measures of stress. Clinical implications and limitations of the present study are considered
The Shifting Canon of Constitutional Equality
Get PDFEquality as an ideal, a principle, a value, and a right permeates the canons of contemporary constitutionalism. The recognition of individuals as persons of equal worth and liberty (moral equality) is the working premise of a liberal constitutional democracy. At the same time, the constitutional mandate to advance or promote the conditions of a particular disadvantaged social group (or individuals belonging to it) violates the principle of equal treatment. The constitutional canon on equality has long been shaped by such inherent tensions. The new global wave of autocratization brought restrictions on the rights of women and sexual and religious minorities, highlighting the continuing relevance of debates that are often older than written constitutions. The chapter traces the shifting canon of constitutional equality across three scenarios that provide comparative insights into the canon and the counter-canon of equality and non-discrimination jurisprudence. The cases focus on the constitutional justification of the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’, disability rights, and gender citizenship, also introducing the challenge of intersectionality and affirmative action
Validation of Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Cognitive interviewing and Differential Item Functioning analysis
Get PDFAbstractBackground and Objectives Depression is a worldwide health problem that affects millions and causes personal suffering and economic strain. Existing assessment tools like PHQ-9 and DAS fail to fully capture the intricacies of individual experiences, especially when considering socioeconomic factors. By addressing these limitations, we can enhance the accuracy and significance of depression measures, resulting in more effective and personalised interventions. Through a mixed method approach, the study aimed to investigate both lived experiences and potential bias to enhance tool validity.MethodThe study employed both cognitive interview and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis. Eight university students were interviewed to gain qualitative insights into their understanding and responses to DAS and PHQ-9 items. In addition, the data from 3500 patients who underwent psychological treatment at NHS AIPTs service was retrospectively analysed. The cognitive interviews examined participant interpretations of survey items, while DIF analysis looked at response biases related to socioeconomic status (SES) and specifically deprivation decile. Results Participants in cognitive interviews frequently relied on their personal experiences when answering questions about depression, highlighting the importance of relatable and clear items. The perception of ambiguity in multiple DAS items led to a decrease in their relatability and meaningfulness. The DIF analysis revealed significant variations on some items in how different socioeconomic groups respond to DAS and PHQ-9, suggesting potential biases. Therefore, this suggests that certain items in the scale may not capture the complete range of lived experiences of individuals from diverse backgrounds.ConclusionsThe study emphasises the importance of incorporating the patient's personal experience in creating depression assessment tools. The current measures, such as DAS and PHQ-9, may not effectively capture the full range of individual experiences, particularly regarding socioeconomic factors. By addressing these limitations, we can create assessment tools that are accurate and meaningful, leading to better interventions. Ongoing research should focus on exploring item bias and the role of socioeconomic and cultural factors in depression assessment, to enhance the development of assessment tools. <br/
Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms:An Empirical Evaluation
Get PDFMachine Learning (ML) algorithms are a subset of artificial intelligence that are applied to data with a primary focus of improving its accuracy over time by replicating and imitating the learning styles of human beings. Within this framework, several supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms are studied through different scenarios. The advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms are analysed through these case studies
What do people think about The Ark’s Social Activities for People with Learning Disabilities or Autism? Research Easy Read Summary
Get PDFCollective biography and micro-periodization:a data-rich analysis of recent lives in the Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1901)
Get PDFCollective biography contributes to processes of periodization. This article uses corpus linguistic analysis to identify stylistic trends within Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1901) entries on recent lives. DNB editors and contributors used micro-periodizations, based on ideas of generational supersession, to transition their recent past from informal “communicative” memory into monumental “cultural” memory
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