71446 research outputs found
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Using Implementation Fidelity to Aid in Interpreting Program Impacts: A Brief Review
No full textPoor program implementation constitutes one explanation for null results in trials of educational interventions. For this reason, researchers often collect data about implementation fidelity when conducting such trials. In this article, we document whether and how researchers report and measure program fidelity in recent cluster-randomized trials. We then create two measures—one describing the level of fidelity reported by authors and another describing whether the study reports null results—and examine the correspondence between the two. We also explore whether fidelity is influenced by study size, type of fidelity measured and reported, and features of the intervention. We find that as expected, fidelity level relates to student outcomes; we also find that the presence of new curriculum materials positively predicts fidelity level.Accepted Manuscrip
Coherent Control of a Superconducting Qubit Using Light
No full textQuantum communications technologies require a network of quantum processors connected with low loss and low noise communication channels capable of distributing entangled states. Superconducting microwave qubits operating in cryogenic environments have emerged as promising candidates for quantum processor nodes. However, scaling these systems is challenging because they require bulky microwave components with high thermal loads that can quickly overwhelm the cooling power of a dilution refrigerator. Telecommunication frequency optical signals, meanwhile, can be fabricated in significantly smaller form factors while avoiding challenges due to high signal loss, noise sensitivity, and thermal loads due to their high carrier frequency and propagation in silica optical fibers. Transduction of information via coherent links between optical and microwave frequencies is therefore critical to leverage the advantages of optics for superconducting microwave qubits, while also enabling superconducting processors to be linked with low-loss optical interconnects. Here, we demonstrate coherent optical control of a superconducting qubit. We achieve this by developing a microwave-optical quantum transducer that operates with up to 1.18% conversion efficiency with low added microwave noise, and demonstrate optically-driven Rabi oscillations in a superconducting qubit.Engineering and Applied SciencesAuthor's Origina
Converging mechanism of UM171 and KBTBD4 neomorphic cancer mutations
No full textCancer mutations can create neomorphic protein-protein interactions to drive aberrant function. As a substrate receptor of the CULLIN3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, KBTBD4 is recurrently mutated in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common embryonal brain tumor in children. These mutations impart gain-of-function to KBTBD4 to induce aberrant degradation of the transcriptional corepressor CoREST. However, their mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we establish that KBTBD4 mutations promote CoREST degradation through engaging HDAC1/2 as the direct target of the mutant substrate receptor. Using deep mutational scanning, we chart the mutational landscape of the KBTBD4 cancer hotspot, revealing distinct preferences by which insertions and substitutions can promote gain-of-function and the critical residues involved in the hotspot interaction. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of two distinct KBTBD4 cancer mutants bound to LSD1-HDAC1-CoREST reveals that a KBTBD4 homodimer asymmetrically engages HDAC1 with two KELCH-repeat propeller domains. The interface between HDAC1 and one of the KBTBD4 propellers is stabilized by the MB mutations, which insert a bulky side chain into the HDAC1 active-site pocket. Our structural and mutational analyses inform how this hotspot E3-neo-substrate interface can be chemically modulated. First, we unveil a converging shape complementarity-based mechanism between gain-of-function E3 mutations and a molecular glue degrader, UM171. Second, we demonstrate that HDAC1/2 inhibitors can block the mutant KBTBD4-HDAC1 interface and proliferation of KBTBD4-mutant MB cells. Altogether, our work reveals the structural and mechanistic basis of cancer mutation-driven neomorphic protein-protein interactions.Chemistry and Chemical BiologyAccepted Manuscrip
How Wyoming’s Exodus of Young Adults Holds Back Economic Diversification
No full textWyoming’s longstanding strengths in resource extraction provide much of its livelihood, including its private earnings and public finances. However, its lack of activity in other sectors exposes Wyoming to economic shocks. This paper examines the state’s binding constraints to growth and identifies opportunities for diversification. The authors propose that Wyoming look to its advanced services and manufacturing sectors, which lag behind those in other states. The state has made critical investments in education to help generate the necessary pools of skilled labor, but the exodus of young people and families makes it exceedingly difficult.Version of Recor
Dysphoria
No full textAbstract
What started as a short story in 2020 has morphed into a contemporary coming of
age novel titled, Dysphoria. Like many fictional stories, mine is inspired by true events
and raw emotions. Its purpose is to educate young adults on sensitive subjects and
encourage conversations with loved ones who may not know how to support survivors of
sexual assault or members of the LGBTQ+ community. Dysphoria explores the concept
of life after trauma in real time. Although every mental health disorder is unique, the
grieving process is similar and is equally as important.
Using characterization and dark humor, Dysphoria is told through the perspective
of Colombian American twins, Terry and Gracie, via alternating chapters. The opening
scene takes place at their high school on their first day of junior year. Each twin is
struggling with their own dysphoria but what they don’t know is that their traumas are
interconnected. Chaos takes over when a familiar face comes to town and haunting
memories of the past awaken. How do you care for others when you can’t take care of
yourself? How do you change a codependent relationship into an interdependent one?
Are you willing to risk rejection for self-identity? These are some of the major themes
disclosed in my novel with enough questions unanswered for a sequel
Proteomic signatures of healthy dietary patterns are associated with lower risks of major chronic diseases and mortality
No full textAccepted Manuscrip
Self-assembly of chiroptical ionic co-crystals from silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles
No full textAtomically precise nanoclusters can be assembled into ordered superlattices with unique electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules provides opportunities to access an even wider range of structures and properties but can be challenging to control synthetically. Here, we introduce a supramolecular approach to direct the assembly of atomically precise Ag nanoclusters into a series of nanocluster‒organic ionic cocrystals (NOICs) with tunable structures and properties. By leveraging non-covalent interactions between anionic Ag nanoclusters and cationic organic macrocycles with tunable sizes, the orientation of nanocluster surface ligands can be manipulated to achieve in-situ resolution of enantiopure NOICs that feature large chiroptical effects. Beyond chirality, this cocrystal assembly approach provides a promising platform for designing functional solid-state nanomaterials through a combination of supramolecular chemistry and atomically precise nanochemistry.Proo
Bioaerosol Sampling for Viral Detection in Public Spaces: Application of Bioaerosol Sampling Devices in Long-Term Monitoring of Airborne Pathogens in a Railway Station and a Subway Station
No full textThis thesis investigates the effectiveness of the BC500 impact-based bioaerosol sampling device for detecting airborne viruses in both laboratory and real-world environments. By optimizing sampling and post-processing conditions, the BC500 demonstrated an impressive detection limit as low as 0.35 copy/L for airborne viruses during laboratory evaluation. In field applications at high-traffic public spaces, such as Beijing Railway Station and Xidan Subway Station, the device successfully detected SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Influenza B. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 was found in 52.9% of samples at Beijing Railway Station and 44.4% at Xidan Subway Station. Influenza A was detected in 47.1% of samples from the railway station and 18.5% from the subway station, while Influenza B appeared in 23.5% and 7.4% of the samples respectively. These findings underscore the widespread presence of airborne viruses in crowded environments, demonstrating the value of BC500, a non-intrusive and highly sensitive tool for public health surveillance.
The significant detection rates of multiple pathogens in this study highlight the need for enhanced public health measures, including regular bioaerosol monitoring and improved ventilation, to mitigate airborne transmission in densely populated areas. Furthermore, integrating bioaerosol sampling into existing surveillance frameworks could enable early outbreak detection, supporting timely responses to emerging health threats. This research contributes to the standardization of bioaerosol sampling practices and underscores its vital role in strengthening public health monitoring and response efforts
Political economy of refugees: How responsibility shapes the politics of education
No full textIn this theory generating article, we take up the question of what shapes the role of host governments in social service provision for refugees, using the case of education. We consider the ways in which traditional theories relevant to the political economy of education vary under a responsibility sharing model of refugee education that has developed in recent years. Under a traditional development approach, in which refugees are integrated into national systems over the long-run, like in the United States or Canada, we would expect the political economy of education to operate similarly to national or other migrant populations. Under a humanitarian model, we would expect responsibility for service provision to align clearly with humanitarian actors, with demands, purposes, and incentives distinct from and minimally entangled with those of hosting states. Under new responsibility sharing models, lines of responsibility become opaque and the political economy of education, including ideas about the purposes of education, actors and the nature of demand, and incentives for its provision become more complex.
We argue that the political economy of refugees can be understood as distinct from the political economy for citizens as it requires addressing fundamental questions of responsibility and assumptions about time horizons. Our proposed conceptualization of the political economy of refugees draws on theories from political science, economics, sociology, education, and refugee studies. As host countries and the global community grapple with decisions about services for refugees across sectors, it is critical to understand ways in which factors shaping the political economy may be distinct from national citizens to ensure that approaches are equitable and effective for refugees and host communities.Version of Recor
Creating Educational Borderlands: Civic Learning in a Syrian School in Lebanon
No full textAbstract
Limitations on membership and participation in host societies sharply constrain refugee young people's civic development. Especially when refugees attend national schools, they find themselves submerged in civic learning that does not include them or represent their experiences and realities. To explore possibilities for civic learning among refugees, we examine the education created by a Syrian community inside the structures of a Lebanese private school in Beirut. We conceive of this school as a 'borderlands' and find that it supports civic membership and participation in three ways: through adaptations to the Lebanese structures, curricula, and languages of schooling; through pedagogies focused on pragmatism; and through opening limited spaces for students to practice civic skills. We argue that the borderlands space created by this school holds lessons for both refugee and national teachers and school systems seeking to foster civic learning among refugees.Accepted Manuscrip