12560 research outputs found
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The basis for indigenous peoples’ rights in international investment agreements
No full textThis chapter discusses the absence and limitations of indigenous peoples’ free prior and informed consent (FPIC) and land and cultural rights in international investment agreements (IIAs), and will address in detail the rationale behind adopting an indigenous peoples’ rights methodology to assess international investment law rules. This methodology is a conceptual framework that is utilised in this chapter to examine the extent to which the rules of IIAs are coherent with the protection and promotion of indigenous peoples’ FPIC and land and cultural rights. At the most important level, it has been argued in this chapter that it is a prerequisite for the coherence of the international investment law system that it recognises indigenous peoples’ FPIC and land and cultural rights. This chapter will show how adopting an explicit indigenous peoples’ rights approach in the analysis of international investment law can increase and enhance indigenous peoples’ FPIC and land and cultural rights in the context of the international investment law system. Indigenous peoples’ rights approach in this context is a framework based on international law standards directed to protecting and promoting indigenous FPIC and land and cultural rights
Decoding organisational attractiveness: a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach
Get PDFPurpose- High-skilled employees are crucial for sustained competitive advantage of organisations. In the "war for talent", organisations must position themselves as attractive employers. This study introduces a unified framework to systematically identify and prioritise Organisational Attractiveness (OA) components, focusing on the extreme context of the airline industry. Design/methodology/approach- Treating OA as a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) situation, the study employs the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to validate key OA factors and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to prioritise them based on experts’ judgements. Findings- The study identifies five criteria and 22 sub-criteria for OA, with job characteristics and person-job fit as most critical. These elements signal employment quality and skill-job alignment, reducing information asymmetry and attracting talent. Practical implications- This research provides a practical framework for airline managers to identify and prioritise key aspects of OA to enhance their value proposition and attract and retain qualified employees. For policymakers, applying the OA framework supports informed policy decisions on employment standards and workforce development. Originality- This research introduces a fuzzy OA index and a framework that enhances OA. By incorporating signalling theory into a fuzzy MCDM approach, it systematically addresses key OA components, offering a strategic method to boost OA
Few-shot hyperspectral remote sensing image classification via an ensemble of meta-optimizers with update integration
Get PDFHyperspectral images (HSIs) with abundant spectra and high spatial resolution can satisfy the demand for the classification of adjacent homogeneous regions and accurately determine their specific land-cover classes. Due to the potentially large variance within the same class in hyperspectral images, classifying HSIs with limited training samples (i.e., few-shot HSI classification) has become especially difficult. To solve this issue without adding training costs, we propose an ensemble of meta-optimizers that were generated one by one through utilizing periodic annealing on the learning rate during the meta-training process. Such a combination of meta-learning and ensemble learning demonstrates a powerful ability to optimize the deep network on few-shot HSI training. In order to further improve the classification performance, we introduced a novel update integration process to determine the most appropriate update for network parameters during the model training process. Compared with popular human-designed optimizers (Adam, AdaGrad, RMSprop, SGD, etc.), our proposed model performed better in convergence speed, final loss value, overall accuracy, average accuracy, and Kappa coefficient on five HSI benchmarks in a few-shot learning setting
Channel state information based physical layer authentication for Wi‐Fi sensing systems using deep learning in Internet of things networks
Get PDFSecurity problems loom big in the fast-growing world of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which is characterised by unprecedented interconnectedness and data-driven innovation, due to the inherent susceptibility of wireless infrastructure. One of the most pressing concerns is user authentication, which was originally intended to prevent unwanted access to critical information but has since expanded to provide tailored service customisation. We suggest a Wi-Fi sensing-based physical layer authentication method for IoT networks to solve this problem. Our proposed method makes use of raw channel state information (CSI) data from Wi-Fi signals to create a hybrid deep-learning model that combines convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks. Rigorous testing yields an astonishing 99.97% accuracy rate, demonstrating the effectiveness of our CSI-based verification. This technology not only strengthens wireless network security but also prioritises efficiency and portability. The findings highlight the practicality of our proposed CSI-based physical layer authentication, which provides lightweight and precise protection for wireless networks in the IoT
Exploring the role of postgraduate foundation training in advancing dental therapist careers
No full textA focused research insight, part of Dental Education Journa
The role of arts-based methods in supporting safe and participatory research addressing sexual violence with young people
Get PDFBackground: The use of participatory visual methods in humanities, health, education and social science research to study ‘sensitive’ subject matter with children and young people is growing. Such approaches have been widely – though sometimes uncritically – celebrated for contributing to safe data elicitation, promoting participant influence and strengthening research dissemination and impact. Some authors have pointed to their political contributions – challenging the traditional politics of representation and fostering critical consciousness and thinking. Methods: This article explores these claims, reflecting on a study using creative and participatory methods to explore the concept of ‘resistance’ among young people affected by sexual violence. It begins by outlining the background, rationale and use of creative methods in the project, moving from plans to utilise ‘Photovoice’ methods to a more diverse and responsive set of creative methods. Findings: The paper presents evidence for the contribution of such methods to creating safety and fostering participation while developing new conceptual thinking among researchers and participants. Conclusion: In this project, the success of creative methods is rooted in the dynamics of what we term spaciousness and playfulness which support dialogical practice. These dynamics are critical to enabling a safe participatory culture that bridges divides between stakeholders of different status, identity and ownership
Business analytics education: a literature review and implications
No full textThe objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of existing academic literature on "business analytics education”. This review will facilitate the identification of shortcomings, needs, challenges, and the current status of analytics education within business schools. As known, the proliferation of technology has greatly simplified data collection processes, leading to a significant surge in the volume of data within the contemporary business landscape. This abundant data reservoir presents organizations with opportunities to derive substantial value. Consequently, over the past two decades, there has been an exponential increase in the demand for business analytics experts which led business schools to open analytics-related programs. Upon analysis of the literature utilizing the key term "business analytics education" it becomes evident that this subject has received substantial attention and thorough discussion within the top academic business journals. However, given the rapid development of the domain, there is a pressing need for further research, particularly in the design of contemporary curricula and the utilization of novel teaching methodologies
Supporting learners working with children and young people
No full textChapter 10 presents a broad focus on the support of students and apprentices within children’s and young people’s services, including the need for learners to appreciate the importance of family with reference to the post-pandemic era. The role of practice supervisors, assessors and educators in the development of students and apprentices to develop advocacy skills is outlined within the context of the relationship between theoretical perspectives that are relevant to the development of child as well as adult learners
Digital rhythm training improves reading fluency in children
Get PDFMusical instrument training has been linked to improved academic and cognitive abilities in children, but it remains unclear why this occurs. Moreover, access to instrument training is not always feasible, thereby leaving less fortunate children without opportunity to benefit from such training. Although music-based video games may be more accessible to a broader population, research is lacking regarding their benefits on academic and cognitive performance. To address this gap, we assessed a custom-designed, digital rhythm training game as a proxy for instrument training to evaluate its ability to engender benefits in math and reading abilities. Furthermore, we tested for changes in core cognitive functions related to math and reading to inform how rhythm training may facilitate improved academic abilities. Classrooms of 8–9 year old children were randomized to receive either 6 weeks of rhythm training (N = 32) or classroom instruction as usual (control; N = 21). Compared to the control group, results showed that rhythm training improved reading, but not math, fluency. Assessments of cognition showed that rhythm training also led to improved rhythmic timing and language-based executive function (Stroop task), but not sustained attention, inhibitory control, or working memory. Interestingly, only the improvements in rhythmic timing correlated with improvements in reading ability. Together, these results provide novel evidence that a digital platform may serve as a proxy for musical instrument training to facilitate reading fluency in children, and that such reading improvements are related to enhanced rhythmic timing ability and not other cognitive functions associated with reading performance. Research Highlights: Digital rhythm training in the classroom can improve reading fluency in 8–9 year old children Improvements in reading fluency were positively correlated with enhanced rhythmic timing ability Alterations in reading fluency were not predicted by changes in other executive functions that support reading A digital platform may be a convenient and cost-effective means to provide musical rhythm training, which in turn, can facilitate academic skills.</p
Factors influencing urban greenspace use among a multiethnic community in the UK: the Chalkscapes Study
Get PDFIn the UK, there are disparities in the use of urban greenspaces, particularly among low-income, ethnically diverse communities. Determining how populations interact with greenspaces and the barriers and facilitators that influence use remains pertinent to improve access. This study aimed to examine how people who reside in an ethnically diverse community use and engage with urban greenspaces and, drawing on the COM-B model (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour), aimed to assess the potential barriers and facilitators that influence use. A cross-sectional survey, conducted across two ethnically diverse towns in southeast England investigated greenspace usage, including activities and reasons for using greenspaces and included the Brief Measure of Behavior Change (COM-B). The survey was shared online via Qualtrics and widely disseminated in the local community via bilingual fieldworkers and community networks. The sample comprised 906 participants (60.7 % female; mean age 38 ± 16.37 years). The findings revealed that the use of greenspaces was low with around 33 % visiting greenspaces frequently (at least once a week). Older people, those with higher levels of deprivation and/or those from a minority ethnic background were all shown to be the lowest users of greenspaces. The findings also confirmed that the types of activities and reasons for visiting greenspaces were shown to vary by a range of socio-demographic characteristics. The COM-B model was shown to be a useful explanatory framework with physical capability and motivation identified as significant predictors of frequency of greenspace use. We now encourage future research to consider what factors underpin motivation and the opportunities to use greenspaces, and how these vary across the wider population.</p
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