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The socio-cultural dynamics of children’s relationships and mental health: an investigation of street children in Pakistan
No full textFrom augmentation to inpainting: improving Visual SLAM with object detection and removal, signal enhancement techniques and GAN-based image inpainting
No full textBarriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK: a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: To explore the barriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK.DESIGN: Systematic review with narrative synthesis.DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDline via OVID, APA PsycInfo via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate and Scopus via Elsevier, covering studies that were published between January 2006 and December 2023. Searches were conducted on 1 December 2023 and completed on 2 February 2024.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies published between January 2006 and December 2023, focusing on barriers to organ donation conversations among adults in the UK. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, emphasising cultural and generational factors. Non-English studies and those unrelated to the UK were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers using a standardised tool. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, evaluating study bias. A narrative synthesis approach was used to integrate findings from heterogeneous studies.RESULTS: 11 studies (6 qualitative, 5 quantitative) with a total of 4991 participants were included. Four main thematic barriers emerged: (1) jinx factor-cultural beliefs associating discussion of death with bad luck; (2) generational impact-younger people were more open but cautious of upsetting parents; (3) ethnic disparities in conversations-varied challenges across diverse backgrounds and (4) cues to action-media and personal experiences prompted conversations. Facilitators included culturally tailored communication and community engagement.CONCLUSION: Conversations about death and organ donation are often brief and hindered by cultural taboos surrounding death, generational differences in attitudes and the influence of family dynamics. Further research is needed to understand communication patterns better and to tailor interventions that encourage open discussions about organ donation across different ethnic groups.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022340315.</p
Barriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK: a systematic review with narrative synthesis
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: To explore the barriers to conversations about deceased organ donation among adults living in the UK.DESIGN: Systematic review with narrative synthesis.DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDline via OVID, APA PsycInfo via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate and Scopus via Elsevier, covering studies that were published between January 2006 and December 2023. Searches were conducted on 1 December 2023 and completed on 2 February 2024.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies published between January 2006 and December 2023, focusing on barriers to organ donation conversations among adults in the UK. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, emphasising cultural and generational factors. Non-English studies and those unrelated to the UK were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers using a standardised tool. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, evaluating study bias. A narrative synthesis approach was used to integrate findings from heterogeneous studies.RESULTS: 11 studies (6 qualitative, 5 quantitative) with a total of 4991 participants were included. Four main thematic barriers emerged: (1) jinx factor-cultural beliefs associating discussion of death with bad luck; (2) generational impact-younger people were more open but cautious of upsetting parents; (3) ethnic disparities in conversations-varied challenges across diverse backgrounds and (4) cues to action-media and personal experiences prompted conversations. Facilitators included culturally tailored communication and community engagement.CONCLUSION: Conversations about death and organ donation are often brief and hindered by cultural taboos surrounding death, generational differences in attitudes and the influence of family dynamics. Further research is needed to understand communication patterns better and to tailor interventions that encourage open discussions about organ donation across different ethnic groups.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022340315.</p
Barriers and facilitators of deceased organ donation among Pakistanis living globally:a systematic review
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers and facilitators towards deceased organ donation among Pakistanis living globally.DESIGN: Systematic review using narrative synthesis.DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, Medline with Full Text, Global Health and PsycINFO via EBSCO; Scopus via Elsevier; Web of Science via Clarivate; and PubMed through the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health were searched between 1 January 1995 and 31 July 2024 and limited to English.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included qualitative and cross-sectional studies involving Pakistani participants aged 18 years and above, conducted both within Pakistan and internationally across settings such as universities, religious venues, hospitals and workplaces.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Four independent reviewers were involved in screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A narrative synthesis method was employed to synthesise and integrate the data from qualitative and cross-sectional studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies.RESULTS: Out of 11 944 studies retrieved, 26 studies were included in the current review. Based on the narrative synthesis, the findings are presented under the following five themes: (1) knowledge of deceased organ donation, (2) willingness towards deceased organ donation, (3) collective decision-making overriding individual's preferences, (4) religious uncertainty and its impact on deceased organ donation and (5) trust and the healthcare systems.CONCLUSION: This review shows that decisions about deceased organ donation are shaped by family dynamics, religious beliefs and trust in healthcare. More diverse research is needed to uncover new gaps and improve donor registration and consent rates in Pakistan. A whole-systems approach, considering families, religion and trust, is essential for effective strategies.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022346343.</p
Beyond the key:towards practical radio biometrics in cars
No full textThe evolving landscape of vehicle theft in the United Kingdom highlights the limitations of current automotive security technologies and the rise of increasingly sophisticated attack vectors. Using national datasets from the Office for National Statistics and the Home Office, this research identifies significant trends in offender behaviour, vehicle targeting, and victim impact. The study evaluates existing vehicle access systems - including Remote Keyless Entry (RKE), Passive Keyless Entry and Start (PKES), and other digital platforms - highlighting persistent vulnerabilities such as relay attacks, key cloning, and internet-enabled exploits. Emphasis is placed on Channel State Information (CSI)-based radio biometrics, a passive and non-intrusive authentication method that shows strong resilience to spoofing. Comparative analysis positions CSI as a promising candidate for next-generation vehicle access control systems, offering potential benefits in both prevention and post-incident forensic analysis.</p
Pre-registration mental health nursing students who witness self-harm amongst service users during placement: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFMental health nursing (MHN) students may witness self-harm on placements; however, little is known regarding the experience of MHN students who do witness this. This study aimed to understand the personal impact of witnessing self-harm events upon MHN students who are on placement, with three objectives: 1. To identify the types of self-harm witnessed by MHN students; 2. To evaluate MHN students’ perceived self-competence in working with service users who have self-harmed; and 3. To assess the potential psychological trauma upon MHN students after witnessing self-harm. A cross-sectional questionnaire comprising researcher generated Likert-style items, and open-ended response questions was utilised. Descriptive analysis was completed of 84 responses from MHN students. The types of self-harm witnessed included cutting (65 participants; 77.4%); head-banging / punching (62 participants; 73.8%) and ligation (36 participants; 42.9%). Additionally, we identified factors that either hindered or aided the MHN students in developing resilience post witnessing self-harm. These findings are presented as three qualitative themes, and are: resilience; sources of stress and sources of support. Key findings were: (i) current MHN students can experience a range of negative outcomes after witnessing a self-harm incident which can include wanting to withdraw from studies. (ii) Student experience of witnessing self-harm needs to be better understood and responded to. Finally, (iii) Universities and placement providers should deliver relevant training, with trauma informed care (TIC) pedagogy potentially being an effective intervention. Ultimately, we recommend a joined-up approach from Universities and practice partners to address these issues
Correction:Children’s Health in London and Luton (CHILL) cohort: a 12-month natural experimental study of the effects of the Ultra Low Emission Zone on children’s travel to school (International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, (2024), 21, 1, (89), 10.1186/s12966-024-01621-7)
Get PDFFollowing publication of the original article, the authors identified coding errors in the merging of datasets. Correcting these has resulted in an increased number of participants with complete covariate data. These corrections have had a minimal impact on the main findings; the magnitude of the effects and the primary conclusions remain supported. </p
Non-/Fiction in the English classroom: truth, falsehood and reality:truth, falsehood and reality
No full textWhich MPs get elevated to the UK House of Lords?
Get PDFUsing logistic regression and a dataset of 816 MPs who sat in the UK House of Commons between 1997 and 2019, we analyse which MPs get elevated to the upper chamber. Drawing on literatures concerning progressive political ambition, the UK Parliament and the wider nature of the British state, we test hypotheses concerning loyalty, expertise and nepotism. We find evidence to support all three but expertise in the form of frontbench experience and, for those MPs without such experience, loyalty appear to be the most important factors driving elevation. Our research has implications for debates surrounding House of Lords reform.</p
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