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Satisfaction, destination quality and behavioral intentions: the case of UNESCO Heritage Sites in Jordan
No full textAn evaluation of the Luton Framework for Frailty: an integrated care programme for older People with different frailty levels
No full textListening to children and young people's experiences of disclosing child sexual abuse: insights for the proposed mandatory reporting duty in England and Wales
No full textA central recommendation from the Independent Inquiry for Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA, 2022)1 was the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty in England and Wales for disclosures of child sexual abuse. To help understand the potential implications of this proposal, we commissioned researchers from the University of Bedfordshire to review the evidence on: * the barriers to disclosure children and young people face * the motivators and facilitators that help them to disclose sexual abuse * their experiences following disclosure. The evidence review focuses on 43 papers and reports from international research with children and young people about their experiences or views on disclosing sexual abuse. The review identifies a number of key insights to inform thinking on the proposed mandatory reporting duty. It also highlights gaps in the current research, including a lack of consideration of the reporting systems in place in the countries in which children disclosed abuse, and limited research into children’s perspectives and experiences of those systems. The report recommends further direct research with children and young people to inform the design of any proposed system
Inclusive learning development practices: the consequences of flexibility and choice in the hybrid era
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic, and the move to online teaching and learning, has provided opportunities for the learning development (LD) community to find new and innovative pedagogical approaches to providing a more inclusive learning environment. Many of these opportunities are now being incorporated into a new hybrid era of teaching, which seeks to build the ‘best of both worlds’. To embrace this new era of flexibility, hybrid learning and teaching strategies need to be developed rather than merely being a reaction to a global health emergency. Based on the experiences of two learning developers at different UK institutions, this paper reflects on the benefits and disadvantages of a hybrid mode of delivery of one-to-one tutorials, one of the cornerstones of LD provision. Within this paper we define hybrid teaching as a combination of online and physical environments (Gamage et al., 2022).<br/
The economics of press and periodical production
No full textThe interplay of technological change and market forces provides the principal economic drivers of press and periodical publishing in nineteenth-century Britain and Ireland. However, these forces have always functioned within a variety of institutional frameworks that have served to shape their effective operation and final form. As John and Silberstein-Loeb (2015: 2) point out in a recent survey of the political economy of journalism, ‘These institutional arrangements have taken many forms: advertising, sponsored content, cartels, administrative regulations, government monopoly.’ Of all these institutional factors, the policies towards publishing adopted by the British government before 1855 were of crucial significance. The decision of the British governments before this date to manage the dissemination of published news largely by recourse to fiscal measures had a major bearing on the operation and structure of the periodical publishing industry across the whole of the United Kingdom and Ireland. It would be impossible to provide an account of the economic development of periodicals in Britain and Ireland without an appreciation of the role played by the raft of government policies which were collectively known as the ‘taxes on knowledge’. The following review of the economic development of periodical publishing in nineteenth-century Britain and Ireland therefore begins with an analysis of the impact of government policies on the industry before the abolition of the newspaper stamp duties. It then goes on to consider the evolution of the industry during three broad sub-periods of the century: 1800–1840s; 1850s–1860s; and 1870s–1900.<br/
Associations between trajectories of obesity prevalence in English primary school children and the UK soft drinks industry levy:an interrupted time series analysis of surveillance data
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the primary source of dietary added sugars in children, with high consumption commonly observed in more deprived areas where obesity prevalence is also highest. Associations between SSB consumption and obesity in children have been widely reported. In March 2016, a two-tier soft drinks industry levy (SDIL) on drinks manufacturers to encourage reformulation of SSBs in the United Kingdom was announced and then implemented in April 2018. We examined trajectories in the prevalence of obesity at ages 4 to 5 years and 10 to 11 years, 19 months after the implementation of SDIL, overall and by sex and deprivation.METHODS AND FINDINGS: Data were from the National Child Measurement Programme and included annual repeat cross-sectional measurement of over 1 million children in reception (4 to 5 years old) and year 6 (10 to 11 years old) in state-maintained English primary schools. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of monthly obesity prevalence data from September 2013 to November 2019 was used to estimate absolute and relative changes in obesity prevalence compared to a counterfactual (adjusted for temporal variations in obesity prevalence) estimated from the trend prior to SDIL announcement. Differences between observed and counterfactual estimates were examined in November 2019 by age (reception or year 6) and additionally by sex and deprivation quintile. In year 6 girls, there was an overall absolute reduction in obesity prevalence (defined as >95th centile on the UK90 growth charts) of 1.6 percentage points (PPs) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.1), with greatest reductions in the two most deprived quintiles (e.g., there was an absolute reduction of 2.4 PP (95% CI: 1.6, 3.2) in prevalence of obesity in the most deprived quintile). In year 6 boys, there was no change in obesity prevalence, except in the least deprived quintile where there was a 1.6-PP (95% CI: 0.7, 2.5) absolute increase. In reception children, relative to the counterfactual, there were no overall changes in obesity prevalence in boys (0.5 PP (95% CI: 1.0, -0.1)) or girls (0.2 PP (95% CI: 0.8, -0.3)). This study is limited by use of index of multiple deprivation of the school attended to assess individual socioeconomic disadvantage. ITS analyses are vulnerable to unidentified cointerventions and time-varying confounding, neither of which we can rule out.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the SDIL was associated with decreased prevalence of obesity in year 6 girls, with the greatest differences in those living in the most deprived areas. Additional strategies beyond SSB taxation will be needed to reduce obesity prevalence overall, and particularly in older boys and younger children.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN18042742.</p
Retraction notice to “Impact of Nutrition Interventions for Reduction of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries:A Meta-Review” [Curr Dev Nutr (2022) 6(12) nzac134] (Current Developments in Nutrition (2022) 6(12), (S2475299123120816), (10.1093/cdn/nzac134))
Get PDFThis article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Initial concerns were raised on the paper regarding an incomplete and/or incorrect selection and classification of studies potentially affecting several important Forest plots included in the meta-review. The authors were asked to provide a detailed reply. They acknowledged the concerns, supplying revised data and updated analyses. During this time, the journal appended an “Expression of Concern” to the paper whilst it was re-examined by editorial staff and external reviewers. Subsequent evaluation of the paper and author responses noted that important changes were necessary in four Forest plots comparing: 1) Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMN) to iron + folic acid (IFA, control) with respect to haemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women and lactation mothers, 2) Intravenous iron sucrose (IVS) vs iron with respect to haemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women and lactating mothers, 3) MMN fortification to IFA supplementation with respect to haemoglobin concentrations, and 4) IVS to daily IFA (control) with respect to serum ferritin concentrations in pregnant women. These changes were judged to exceed the threshold that could be corrected via a Corrigendum and therefore necessitated retraction. As a consequence of the above, the scientific trustworthiness of the original article cannot be established; however, intentional wrongdoing should not be inferred and the authors were invited to resubmit a new manuscript for subjection to standard peer review.</p
Agile human resources practices in decentralized autonomous organizations: a conceptual study
Get PDFFederated learning for medical imaging radiology
Get PDFFederated learning (FL) is gaining wide acceptance across the medical AI domains. FL promises to provide a fairly acceptable clinical-grade accuracy, privacy, and generalisability of machine learning models across multiple institutions. However, the research on FL for medical imaging AI is still in its early stages. This paper presents a review of recent research to outline the difference between state-of-the-art [SOTA] (published literature) and state-of-the-practice [SOTP] (applied research in realistic clinical environments). Furthermore, the review outlines the future research directions considering various factors such as data, learning models, system design, governance, and human-in-loop to translate the SOTA into SOTP and effectively collaborate across multiple institutions.<br/
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