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Experiences of pre-registration mental health nursing students who witness self-injury amongst service users during placement: a cross-sectional study
No full textMental health nursing (MHN) students will witness self-harm and self-injury (SHSI); however, little is known regarding the experience of MHN students who witness SHSI whilst on placement. The study aimed to understand the personal impact of SHSI upon mental health nursing students on placement with four objectives: 1. To identify the types of self-harm and self-injury (SHSI) witnessed by mental health nursing students; To evaluate MHN students’ perceived self-competence in working with service users who have self-harmed and self-injured; 3. To appraise the access to support and types of support required by mental health nursing students; 4. To assess the potential psychological trauma upon mental health nursing students of witnessing self-harm and self-injury. A cross-sectional questionnaire comprising researcher-generated Likert-style items, a validated trauma scale, and open-ended response questions was utilised. Descriptive analysis was completed of 84 responses from MHN students. The types of SHSI witnessed included cutting (65 participants; 77.4%); head-banging / punching (62 participants; 73.8%) and ligation (36 participants; 42.9%). Factors contributing toward SHSI and that helped students learn from and cope with incidents was evident. Three themes emerged from analysis of open-ended responses: Resilience on placement; Sources of stress; Sources of Support. Key findings were: (i) student nurses need to be prepared witnessing of an SHSI incident, including how to respond compassionately, emotionally and professionally pre and post event; (ii) student experience of SHSI; and, (iii) registered nurse response requires further investigation. A joined-up approach from University and practice partners is needed to address these issues
Internet of Things to Internet of humans: a perception
Get PDFThe use of internet has grown significantly in the last three decades. Various technologies such as social media and networking, cloud systems, Blockchain technology etc., have been developed which have significantly improved the communication between the humans across the globe; and also, between the devices which has led to the development of approaches like the internet of things (IoT). These approaches have been increasingly adopted in various sectors including healthcare, education, retail, financial, and many other sectors. However, the development of the internet and its relevant technologies were mainly focusing on the technical aspects undermining the human-centric aspects which has led to the development of new concept called ‘Internet of Humans (IoH)’. There is a lack of research and understanding relating to the internet of humans, and no clear definition was identified. In this context, this paper tries to explore the concept of the Internet of Humans from different perspectives including advanced and innovative supporting technologies, human-centric factors, and areas of application. Thus, this paper contributes to the development of literature for understanding the internet of humans and proposes future research issues and challenges
Micronutrient deficiencies and determinants among pregnant women and children in Nigeria: systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among pregnant women and children under five years old, remain a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. Despite existing policies and programmes, national data on prevalence and risk factors are fragmented. Objective: To synthesise the current evidence on the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies and associated risk factors among pregnant women and children under five years old in Nigeria. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using peer-reviewed studies that were published between 2008 and 2024. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online. After screening 1207 studies, 37 studies were included: 27 were conducted among pregnant women and 10 were among children. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the anaemia prevalence using a random-effects model. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesise evidence on other micronutrients (i.e., magnesium, copper, and vitamins C and E) due to the limited data and risk factors. Results: The pooled prevalence of anaemia was 56% among children and 54% among pregnant women. The prevalence of other micronutrient deficiencies varied widely, with a high prevalence of zinc (86.4%), magnesium (94%), and vitamin D (73.3%) deficiencies in certain regions. The identified risk factors included poor dietary diversity, lower socioeconomic status, low maternal education, infection burden, and early or high parity. Most studies were facility-based and sub-national, limiting the generalisability. Conclusions: This review highlights a high prevalence of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women and children in Nigeria. Key risk factors included a poor diet, low maternal education, infections, and reproductive health challenges. Targeted, multisectoral policies are urgently needed to address these gaps and improve health outcomes
Cellular signal detection by hydrogenated amorphous silicon photosensitive chip with electroexcitation
Get PDFBased on the photoconductive effect of photosensitive films, a designed light pattern was projected onto a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photosensitive chip to generate virtual light-induced electrodes for cellular electrical detection. To obtain high-quality cellular signals, this study aims to explore the effect of electrical excitation on a-Si:H photosensitive chip. Firstly, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and volt-ampere characteristics of the a-Si:H photosensitive chip were characterized. EIS data were fitted to extract equivalent circuit models (ECMs) for both the chip and system. Then analogue experiments were performed to verify the ECMs, and the results were consistent with the circuit simulation. Finally, applied alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) signals to the chip and recorded the electrical signals of the cultured cardiomyocytes on the a-Si:H photosensitive chip. The results demonstrated that applying a high-frequency small AC signal to the chip reduced the background noise of the system by approximately 85.1%, and applying a DC bias increased the amplitude of the detection signal by approximately 142.7%. Consequently, the detection performance of the a-Si:H photosensitive chip for weak bioelectrical signals was significantly enhanced, advancing its applicability in cellular electrophysiological studies
Young female university students and the dark economy of higher education in British television dramas Clique (2017) and Cheat (2019)
Get PDFThis article explores the conceptualisation of young female university students and the university as an institution in two British television dramas: Clique (BBC, 2017) and Cheat (ITV, 2019). In recent years higher education has been cast in newsmedia and documentary as a ‘dark economy’ with questionable recruitment practices, high stakes assessment, and a profit driven agenda. Students have been problematically positioned both as ‘victims’ of a corrupt and profiteering system and as ‘snowflakes’ incapable of rising to the challenges of higher education. Both Clique and Cheat engage explicitly with these discourses, and in this article, we analyse how these series serve both to reinforce and undermine a range of social and cultural anxieties about young female students in the cultural space of the university. We argue the genre positioning, aesthetic, and themes of the two series function to reflect a broader shift toward ‘darker’ representations of the university in popular culture that reveal widespread anxieties about shifts in the meaning and experience of a university education. We also argue that the positioning of the young women at the centre of these series as ‘troubled’ and ‘traumatised’ prior to their entry into the university functions to externalise the challenges currently facing UK (United Kingdom) Higher Education, representing the student as ‘the problem’ rather than the university system itself
Large vision language model: enhanced-RSCLIP with exemplar-image prompting for uncommon object detection in satellite imagery
Get PDFLarge Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown promise in remote sensing applications, yet struggle with “uncommon” objects that lack sufficient public labeled data. This paper presents Enhanced-RSCLIP, a novel dual-prompt architecture that combines text prompting with exemplar-image processing for cattle herd detection in satellite imagery. Our approach introduces a key innovation where an exemplar-image preprocessing module using crop-based or attention-based algorithms extracts focused object features which are fed as a dual stream to a contrastive learning framework that fuses textual descriptions with visual exemplar embeddings. We evaluated our method on a custom dataset of 260 satellite images across UK and Nigerian regions. Enhanced-RSCLIP with crop-based exemplar processing achieved 72% accuracy in cattle detection and 56.2% overall accuracy on cross-domain transfer tasks, significantly outperforming text-only CLIP (31% overall accuracy). The dual-prompt architecture enables effective few-shot learning and cross-regional transfer from data-rich (UK) to data-sparse (Nigeria) environments, demonstrating a 41% improvement over baseline approaches for uncommon object detection in satellite imagery
Harmful words: a qualitative survey of pain clinicians' perspectives on unhelpful messages in chronic pain
Get PDFIndividuals living with chronic pain report experiences of stigma and invalidation, including from health professionals. Anecdotally, specialist pain clinicians must work hard to engage and treat patients who have past experiences of professionals discounting their pain, or of confusing or unsettling messaging about the cause of their symptoms. However, no study has yet explored pain clinicians’ perspectives on unhelpful clinical messaging in this area. We conducted an online qualitative survey of 165 international pain clinicians, asking about the unhelpful messages heard, and repeated, by their patients. Participants reported unhelpful messaging as prevalent and clinically impactful. Qualitative survey data was analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Five themes were generated: (1) all in your head, (2) you’re physically vulnerable, (3) an elusive fix, (4) the end of the line, (5) inadequate pain explanations. The results underscore the importance of taking a validating stance towards patients’ pain report and avoiding messages that discourage movement and exercise. Pain clinicians were reluctant to endorse multiple investigations to find an imagined ‘cause’ for pain but also disliked clinical messages that implied hopelessness about the chronic pain situation. These results can guide clinical conversations in many settings where people with chronic pain receive care. Perspective: Messages provided by clinicians to individuals living with chronic pain can be deleterious and unhelpful. Such clinical messages may invalidate pain, discourage movement, increase diagnostic uncertainty and/ or provide a fatalistic long term outlook. Improvements in pain education for clinicians are required
Loss and grief in the context of (forced) migration
No full text(Forced) migration involves profound losses with long-lasting effects on individuals. In addition to losing their physical home and culture, some (forced) migrants also lose loved ones through death while living abroad. This type of loss comes with additional challenges, such as the inability to attend funerals or engage in traditional mourning practices. This chapter considers the implications of this cumulative loss for international social work practice within “glocal” contexts. Insights from psychology, sociology and social work lead us to argue that relational and culturally sensitive approaches to grief and mourning may be the most suitable to social work interventions within contexts of (forced) migration and international social work practice. However, the analysis illustrates that there is currently a lack of sufficient knowledge and training available to appropriately meet the particular needs of (forced) migrants experiencing grief and the loss of loved ones in other parts of the world
Enhancing customer experience with AI-powered marketing
No full textDelivering a personalized customer experience is critical for modern marketers, with AI tools pivotal to this transformation. By harnessing AI technologies, businesses gain deeper insights into customer behavior, anticipate needs, and tailor interactions. From chatbots that provide instant support to recommendation engines that drive engagement, AI-powered marketing enables brands to connect with consumers in relevant, timely, and meaningful ways. As expectations for personalization rise, integrating AI into marketing strategies may create lasting customer relationships and help organizations stay competitive in a digital world. Enhancing Customer Experience With AI-Powered Marketing explores how AI technologies like machine learning and chatbots transform marketing approaches. It examines the challenges faced while presenting AI solutions and customer experience transformations. This book covers topics such as personalized content, social media, and virtual technology, and is a useful resource for marketers, business owners, computer engineers, academicians, researchers, and scientists
Theories and models of washback
No full textThis chapter traces the evolution of theoretical models for researching washback in language assessment. It provides an overview of developments in washback studies from initial theory-building to increasingly sophisticated models, reflecting a growing understanding of the complexity of washback and its importance in assessment design and evaluation. It begins with Alderson and Wall’s fundamental question, prompted by growing interest in assessment consequences in the 1980s, ‘does washback exist?’. Early calls to address educational impacts as an aspect of validity came from Frederiksen and Collins, and Morrow. Subsequent models have been developed to guide washback research and by a concern to achieve ‘washback by design’. Wall explored washback through innovation theory, while others built on Hughes’ participants-processes-products framework. Among others, Bailey, Watanabe, Cheng, and Green further elaborated these concepts. More recent work tends to model washback within specific contexts, emphasising its situatedness and complexity. This chapter integrates innovation and motivation theories, evaluates progress, and predicts future directions for washback theory
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