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A deep learning workflow for quantification of micronuclei in DNA damage studies in cultured cancer cell lines: a proof of principle investigation.
Get PDFThe cytokinesis block micronucleus assay is widely used for measuring/scoring/counting micronuclei, a marker of genome instability in cultured and primary cells. Though a gold standard method, this is a laborious and time-consuming process with person-to-person variation observed in quantification of micronuclei. We report in this study the utilisation of a new deep learning workflow for detection of micronuclei in DAPI stained nuclear images. The proposed deep learning framework achieved an average precision of >90% in detection of micronuclei. This proof of principle investigation in a DNA damage studies laboratory supports the idea of deploying AI powered tools in a cost-effective manner for repetitive and laborious tasks with relevant computational expertise. These systems will also help improving the quality of data and wellbeing of researchers
Genome-wide identification and characterization of the chemosensory relative protein genes in Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis.
Get PDFThe Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis specially uses the only species Rhus chinensis and certain moss species (Mniaceae) as its primary host plant and secondary host plants, respectively. Rhus galls are formed on the primary host by the sucking of aphids, and used in traditional medicine as well as other various areas due to their high tannin contents. Chemoreception is critical for insect behaviors such as host searching, location and identification of mates and reproductive behavior. The process of chemoreception is mediated by a series of protein gene families, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). However, there have been no reports on the analysis of molecular components related to the chemoreception system of S. chinensis at the genome level. We examined the genes of eight OBPs, nine CSPs, 24 ORs, 16 GRs, 22 IRs, and five SNMPs in the S. chinensis genome using homological searches, and these chemosensory genes appeared mostly on chromosome 1. Phylogenetic and gene number analysis revealed that the gene families, e.g., ORs, GRs, CSPs and SNMPs in S. chinensis, have experienced major contractions by comparing to Myzus persicae, while the two gene families OBPs and IRs had slight expansion. The current results might be related to the broader host range of M. persicae versus the specialization of S. chinensis on only a host plant. There were 28 gene pairs between genomes of S. chinensis and Acyrthosiphon pisum in the chemoreceptor gene families by collinear comparison. Ka/Ks ratios (< 1) indicated that the genes of S. chinensis were mainly affected by purification selection during evolution. We also found the lower number and expression level of chemoreception genes in S. chinensis than in other 11 aphid species, such as ORs, GRs and IRs, which play an important role in host search. Our study firstly identified the genes of the different chemosensory protein gene families in the S. chinensis genome, and analyzed their general features and expression profile, demonstrating the importance of chemoreception in the aphid and providing new information for further functional research
The changing context of community radio
No full textThe modern-day concept of community radio, as a subset of wider community media (sometimes referred to as alternative media) , relates to an international phenomenon with roots dating back to the immediate post-war period. Over time, its objectives and defining characteristics have evolved through practice and have gradually come to be codified though the work of a combination of practitioners, academics and regulators. Predating the digital and social media era (see Lewis 1984) , community radio, particularly in the twenty-first century, has witnessed not only a variety of evolving challenges, but also a range of emerging opportunities within a changing media landscape. Here, the inter-relationships between community radio and society are considered, particularly in relation to how community services can justify their existence through the provision of a broad range of community benefits. This chapter also considers the relationship between community radio and other forms of broadcast radio
Book review: Disgrace: global reflections on sexual violence by Bourke, J.
No full textBook Review: (2022). Disgrace: Global Reflections on Sexual Violence. Bourke J.Reaktion Books. Hardback. 352 pp. $27.50, ISBN: 9781789145991
Listening to children and young people's experiences of disclosing child sexual abuse: insights for the proposed mandatory reporting duty in England and Wales
No full textA central recommendation from the Independent Inquiry for Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA, 2022)1 was the introduction of a mandatory reporting duty in England and Wales for disclosures of child sexual abuse. To help understand the potential implications of this proposal, we commissioned researchers from the University of Bedfordshire to review the evidence on: * the barriers to disclosure children and young people face * the motivators and facilitators that help them to disclose sexual abuse * their experiences following disclosure. The evidence review focuses on 43 papers and reports from international research with children and young people about their experiences or views on disclosing sexual abuse. The review identifies a number of key insights to inform thinking on the proposed mandatory reporting duty. It also highlights gaps in the current research, including a lack of consideration of the reporting systems in place in the countries in which children disclosed abuse, and limited research into children’s perspectives and experiences of those systems. The report recommends further direct research with children and young people to inform the design of any proposed system
Intrapreneurship: a competent method toward organizations’ sustainability
No full textThis research argues that intrapreneurship is important to an organization’s sustainability. This research discussed the definitions, dimensions, and importance of intrapreneurship. It spots the light on how intrapreneurship could be an efficient method for organizations’ sustainability. Intrapreneurship could assist the organizations in adapting to internal and external environment changes, which in turn helps firms to innovate and revitalize their businesses. Intrapreneurship also could be a useful solution for guiding innovation advancement in different firms; thereby, it can resolve a range of complexities. Intrapreneurship is considered as an effective instrument to help the organization to revitalize, update, innovate, create new competencies, create new businesses, improve products, use resources efficiently, gain new opportunities, and access new markets. In other words, the successful employment of this process considered as an essential key to the organization's sustainability
Influence of artificial intelligence in higher education; impact, risk and counter measure
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging field that seeks to replicate or emulate human-like cognitive abilities using artificial means. As the world changes, the development and application of AI tools and technologies in areas such as agriculture, medicine, healthcare, and education are growing at an unprecedented pace. This chapter presents a review study on the impact, risks, and countermeasures of artificial intelligence in higher education (AIHE). The chapter begins by discussing the journey of AI in education from its beginning to the present day. It then examines the existing AI tools and technologies in education and explores their potential applications. The chapter goes on to analyze the influences of these tools in education and the challenges and risks they face in higher education. Additionally, it highlights the limitations of AI tools and proposes ways to overcome these gaps. The purpose of this study is to provide updated information to students, teachers, professors, national policymakers, and researchers, as well as to explore the scope of research on AI in higher education. By offering a comprehensive analysis of the impact of AI on higher education (HE), this chapter aims to inform and inspire the academic community to embrace AI as a transformative technology in education
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