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Quantitative analysis of water injection mass and timing effects on oxy-fuel combustion characteristics in a GDI engine fuelled with E10
Get PDFThe climate change issue has become a growing concern due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve carbon neutrality for mitigating the climate problem, the oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) technique on internal combustion engines (ICEs) has attracted much attention. Furthermore, the water injection (WI) strategy was proven effective in improving the combustion process and thermal efficiency in engines under OFC mode. However, WI strategy effects on gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines fuelled with gasoline–alcohol blends have not been reported. This study quantitatively analysed WI mass and timing effects on oxy-fuel combustion performance from a GDI engine fuelled with E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gasoline in mass) by simulation. The results show that equivalent brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFCE) shows a monotonically decreasing trend with the increase in the water–fuel mass ratio (Rwf ) from 0 to 0.2. However, further increasing Rwf would cause a deterioration in BSFCE due to the enhanced cooling effects of water vaporisation. Moreover, an appropriate water injection timing (tWI ) could be explored for improving OFC performance, especially for large Rwf conditions. The difference in BSFCE between tWI = 100CA and tWI = 60CA can be up to around 6.3 g/kWh by increasing Rwf to 0.6
Examining the role of big data and marketing analytics in SMEs innovation and competitive advantage: a knowledge integration perspective
Get PDFThe age of digitisation has resulted in an explosion of studies investigating the benefits of Big Data Analytics (BDA) as a means to enhance competitive advantage in organisations. However, the best way to leverage BDA is still inconclusive. Moreover, there is paucity of studies investigating how SMEs, who are recognised as having high levels of entrepreneurial orientation, can utilise big data and marketing analytics to support innovation and competitive advantage in dynamic environments. This study employs dynamic capabilities as a lens to investigate the nuanced relationships. Adopting a partial least squares (PLS) path modelling method with 194 UK SMEs, this study finds that knowledge integration mechanisms are particularly critical value creation enablers by transforming EO and BDA into organisational wide capabilities in support of innovation and competitive advantage. These novel and nuanced insights are of value to both practitioner and researchers
A hybrid algorithm for large-scale non-separable nonlinear multicommodity flow problems
Get PDFWe propose an approach for large-scale non-separable nonlinear multicommodity flow problems by solving a sequence of subproblems which can be addressed by commercial solvers. Using a combination of solution methods such as modified gradient projection, shortest path algorithm and golden section search, the approach can handle general problem instances, including those with (i) non-separable cost, (ii) objective function not available analytically as polynomial but are evaluated using black-boxes, and (iii) additional side constraints not of network flow types. Implemented as a toolbox in commercial solvers, it allows researchers and practitioners, currently conversant with linear instances, to easily manage large-scale convex instances as well. In this article, we compared the proposed algorithm with alternative approaches in the literature, covering both theory and large test cases. New test cases with non-separable convex costs and non-network flow side constraints are also presented and evaluated. The toolbox is available free for academic use upon request
Paper tensions: from flipbooks to scanners - the role of paper in moving image practices
Get PDFConcerning the materiality of reproduction and duplication in film, this chapter explores the overlap of moving image and paper technologies to examine aspects of film archiving. It presents an assemblage of paper-related moving image artefacts: paper prints, posters, flipbooks, optical printers, scanners, pre-cinematic, early and digital cinema technologies, to explore what we can understand about the moving image when viewed outside of the cinematic apparatus of screen and auditorium. By considering the moving image and its history in this way as overlapping mediums, we broaden our understanding of moving image technology in its material and immaterial aspects, exploring how subjects and technologies interact to produce what is permissible as film documents. Beginning with Elsaesser’s assertion that there is a need for a new mapping of the moving image in the wake of early cinema research to understand audiovisual media technologies better. This chapter utilises media archaeology and cultural techniques to explore the connections between print media, duplicating film and digital scanners, concluding that practices of archival film production and techniques of archival scanner operators in the process of duplication are dynamically co-created through spaces of exchange
Housing support services and the strengths-based approach: service-user and staff perspectives
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify main themes in the accounts of individuals encountering homelessness and staff who supported them, in a low-income South-East England town. It explored whether such themes were compatible with the adoption of a strengths-based approach by the local homelessness services. Thirty-one individuals in temporary accommodation and 19 staff were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. Thematic analysis of the service user accounts identified five themes—Challenging Backgrounds, Effective Provision, Room for Improvement, Strengths, and Aspirations. An equal number of themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the staff interviews—Focus on Trauma and Mental Health, Service User Variability, Service User Involvement, Hard-Working Staff, and Improving Material Conditions. Both sets of narratives supported the adoption of a strengths-based approach by the local services, as they emphasized service user competencies, the importance of co-production, and the necessity to consider context in understanding the experience of homelessness. Including a range of stakeholders, future research needs to follow-up these services after they fully adopt a strengths-based approach
Information-centric mobile networks: a survey, discussion, and future research directions
Get PDFInformation-centric networking (ICN) and its fruition, the named data networking (NDN) is a paradigm shift from host-centric address-based communication architecture to the content-centric name-based one. ICN intends to resolve various major issues faced by today's internet architecture such as privacy, security, consistent routing, and mobility, to name a few. With the massive increase of mobile data traffic in today's era, mobility is one of the major concerns in networking. On the one hand, ICN realization i.e., the NDN follows a pull-based communication model and natively supports the consumer (end-user) mobility in wired networks by maintaining the forwarding states on intermediate nodes. Nevertheless, the mobile consumer nodes confront issues in wireless networking environments such as excessive energy consumption as a result of request flooding, content retrieval delays due to intermittent connectivity, and bandwidth consumption due to the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium, among others. The producer (content-generator) mobility, on the other hand, was not initially supported in the original architectural design of NDN for both wired and wireless networks. Therefore, to efficiently address the degradation issues incurred by mobile consumer/producer nodes, a plethora of mobility management schemes have been proposed over the recent few years. In this paper, we provided a detailed survey on the existing research efforts - in the context of producer, consumer, and hybrid mobility, that have been proposed in the literature. Moreover, we outlined various research directions considering the role of mobility in futuristic technologies such as artificial intelligence-enabled smart networks, software-defined networking, edge computing, vehicular-fog computing, autonomous driving, semantic communication, and resource-constrained Internet of Things
Barriers and facilitators toward deceased organ donation among general public and stakeholders in India.
No full textAn investigation of antecedents and consequences of green value internalisation in UK industries
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