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Large-scale biomedical relation extraction across diverse relation types: model development and usability study on COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: Biomedical relation extraction (RE) is of great importance for researchers to conduct systematic biomedical studies. It not only helps knowledge mining, such as knowledge graphs and novel knowledge discovery, but also promotes translational applications, such as clinical diagnosis, decision-making, and precision medicine. However, the relations between biomedical entities are complex and diverse, and comprehensive biomedical RE is not yet well established. Objective: We aimed to investigate and improve large-scale RE with diverse relation types and conduct usability studies with application scenarios to optimize biomedical text mining. Methods: Data sets containing 125 relation types with different entity semantic levels were constructed to evaluate the impact of entity semantic information on RE, and performance analysis was conducted on different model architectures and domain models. This study also proposed a continued pretraining strategy and integrated models with scripts into a tool. Furthermore, this study applied RE to the COVID-19 corpus with article topics and application scenarios of clinical interest to assess and demonstrate its biological interpretability and usability. Results: The performance analysis revealed that RE achieves the best performance when the detailed semantic type is provided. For a single model, PubMedBERT with continued pretraining performed the best, with an F1-score of 0.8998. Usability studies on COVID-19 demonstrated the interpretability and usability of RE, and a relation graph database was constructed, which was used to reveal existing and novel drug paths with edge explanations. The models (including pretrained and fine-tuned models), integrated tool (Docker), and generated data (including the COVID-19 relation graph database and drug paths) have been made publicly available to the biomedical text mining community and clinical researchers. Conclusions: This study provided a comprehensive analysis of RE with diverse relation types. Optimized RE models and tools for diverse relation types were developed, which can be widely used in biomedical text mining. Our usability studies provided a proof-of-concept demonstration of how large-scale RE can be leveraged to facilitate novel research.</p
The effect of high altitude on ephedrine content and metabolic variations in two species of Ephedra
Get PDFEphedra is an important plant in Chinese medicine; however, there are few reports on two species of Ephedra which are distributed at high altitudes from 3000 to 5200 meters. We collected a total of 84 individuals representing five Ephedra gerardiana and nine Ephedra saxatilis populations respectively located from 3158 to 5200 meters altitude, and determined the relative content of 213 metabolites using UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). 37 Chemical compositions were annotated using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) database. From the top five significant enrichments in metabolic KEGG pathway analysis, we found a total of 166 compounds belonging to phenylpropanoids, 123 flavonoids, 67 metabolites carried by ABC transporters, and 61 in purine metabolism. We identified the top 8 altitude-related compounds in two species. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were found to be associated with altitude in both E. saxatilis and E. gerardiana. To verify which environmental factors influenced the metabolic content, the soil moisture and temperature of each population site were collected, and quantitative analysis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine was performed using UHPLC-MS (Ultra-High-Performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). After detection, soil moisture ranged from 0.074 to 0.177 mm3/mm3, and temperature ranged from 9.7°C to 23.9°C. The content of ephedrine ranged from (0.84 ± 0.49)% to (2.01 ± 0.41)% in E. saxatilis, which was positively correlated with soil moisture; the content of pseudoephedrine ranged from (0.72 ± 0.45)% to (1.11 ± 0.57)% and was negatively correlated with soil moisture. In contrast to these results, in E. gerardiana, the content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine was negatively correlated with soil moisture. Furthermore, the trends of alkaloid contents in two kinds of Ephedra were similar when the temperature was lower than 17°C even if the sum was various. With the increase in soil moisture and temperature, the total alkaloid content of E. saxatilis was higher than that of E. gerardiana. When the soil moisture was lower, the alkaloid content of the two Ephedra species was higher. These results provide useful data for the future separation of new compounds, and for seed homogeneous growth to determine artificial breeding of Ephedra located at high altitudes
Security and trust issues in BYOD networks
No full textCompanies are striving for increased productivity as well as reduced costs in today's corporate environment. Both capital and operational expenditure can impact cost significantly, accordingly there is a drive to bring your own device (BYOD) networks as a solution. However, security and trust issues in BYOD networks are increasingly becoming a risk from small to large businesses. This introduces challenges for IT Professionals when it comes to the security of the network, as well as while trying to achieve compliance with data security standards set out by the governing bodies of the particular industry. This article aims to discuss a how organizations can introduce trust into BYOD networks a both by using existing and developing technologies. The overall outcome will be a clear understanding of common technologies that are either currently used or being developed, which can help organizations create trust between the corporate network and the BYOD
The mediating role of thriving at work between organizational inducements and work outcomes
No full textThe study intends to assess the underlying mechanism of thriving between organizational inducements (OIs) and health care workers’ (HCWs) mental health and work effort based on social exchange theory and the socially embedded model (SEM) of thriving. This study tested a conceptual model regarding the antecedents and outcomes of thriving at work (TW). According to the results of structural equation modelling, both dimensions of OIs predict TW among HCWs. Employees who receive OIs display enhanced levels of thriving, which plays a key role in HCWs’ mental health and their work effort. This research adds important insights to the thriving literature by empirically examining its mediating role between workplace resources and HCWs’ health and work-related outcomes
Housing support services and the strengths-based approach: service-user and staff perspectives
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify main themes in the accounts of individuals encountering homelessness and staff who supported them, in a low-income South-East England town. It explored whether such themes were compatible with the adoption of a strengths-based approach by the local homelessness services. Thirty-one individuals in temporary accommodation and 19 staff were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule. Thematic analysis of the service user accounts identified five themes—Challenging Backgrounds, Effective Provision, Room for Improvement, Strengths, and Aspirations. An equal number of themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the staff interviews—Focus on Trauma and Mental Health, Service User Variability, Service User Involvement, Hard-Working Staff, and Improving Material Conditions. Both sets of narratives supported the adoption of a strengths-based approach by the local services, as they emphasized service user competencies, the importance of co-production, and the necessity to consider context in understanding the experience of homelessness. Including a range of stakeholders, future research needs to follow-up these services after they fully adopt a strengths-based approach
Book review: Coming and going:By Jim Goldberg, MACK, London. 75£, ISBN: 978-1-912339-77-8
No full textBook Review Coming and Going By Jim Goldberg, MACK, London. 75£, ISBN: 978-1-912339-77-8Jim Goldberg's new book, Coming and Going (Mack, 2023) takes the viewer on a breath-taking autobiographical journey, which traces a path through time and layers of photographic images, collages, texts, documents, drawings, and ephemera. The book itself is a substantntially large and thick object, one that brings to mind a scrapbook, a family album, a home movie, a diary and a book dummy. Its dimension and scale make it an extensive and immersive art object
'A challenging but rewarding path': working with disability populations
No full textThis chapter discusses the different aspects that we feel need to be considered. It starts by exploring the practical considerations which are often neglected when starting out working with disabled populations and then looks at both the physiological and psychosocial considerations which need to be made to make support provision more effective. Whilst, like all members of society, each individual will have different motivations, aspirations, and requirements it is perhaps not surprising that disabled populations may have more specific and challenging needs than their able-bodied counterparts. Therefore, there is a clear need for sport and exercise practitioners to, not only have the required knowledge and skills to be an effective support provider, but also gain a better understanding of the complex and highly individual needs of disabled populations in order to provide the best support possible. The aim being to provide real-life considerations that we feel are key to help practitioners when providing support to disabled populations
Advancing a Creole centre of excellence framework
No full textThe chapter argues in favour of fully embracing indigenous and traditional cultural heritage as pivotal to identity formation and development. Facets of language development, performing arts, cuisine, dress and fashion, lived traditions, and cultural festivals and events are all dimensions which help situate individuals as part of society and help create and establish a sense of belongingness. Creole culture and heritage are exemplary forms of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) which embody traditions in the Francophone countries explored in this volume. This chapter concludes the volume by espousing a Centre of Excellence Framework as a possible vehicle for advancing national cultural development in tourism dependent Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
The Routledge companion to the future of management research
No full textThe management of organisations continues to evolve as new priorities emerge and new approaches are developed. Thus, it is clear that research into business and management will also continue to evolve. This will be in terms of both what is researched and in terms of the techniques and methods used to conduct research. Such development will continue into the future and this book highlights evolving areas. It also suggests new topics which are emerging and new techniques to conduct such research - topics and techniques that will be of benefit to researchers. The unique focus on the future of research methods in management, the emergence of topics in contemporary management and sustainability research and practices, such as sustainability and circular economy, will set this volume apart. With coverage of new and emerging subjects in management studies such as sustainability, zero carbon, green market, and circular economy, and the international collaboration with contributors from all around the globe, this major interdisciplinary reference volume will be of interest and great value to researchers, academics, and advanced students in the fields of business and management research and appropriate methodologies
Assessing interactional competence:exploring ratability challenges
Get PDFThis paper is positioned at the interface of second/foreign language (L2) assessment and Conversation Analysis-Second Language Acquisition (CA-SLA). It explores challenges of ratability in assessing interactional competence (IC) from three dimensions: an overview of the conceptual and terminological convergence/divergence in the CA-SLA and L2 assessment literature, a micro-analytic Conversation Analysis of test-taker interactions, and the operationalisation of IC construct features in rating scales across assessment contexts. It draws insights from these dimensions into a discussion of the nature of the IC construct and the challenges of IC ratability, and concludes with suggestions on ways in which insights from CA research can contribute to addressing these issues
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