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How reforms of teacher education challenge principles of social justice
No full textThis chapter draws on the experiences of a secondary initial teacher education (ITE) director to discuss how changes in the ITE system and organisation in England in the past few decades have reflected the ongoing marketisation of education, first introduced in the 1988 Education Act, and the imposed marketised focus on competition between ITE providers and choice for ‘consumers’ – that is, ITE students and schools. He comments on how, in his view, decision-making associated with these changes contravenes what he sees as issues of social justice in the way that it has served to marginalise and silence the voices of teacher educators in higher education institutions (HEIs)
Exploratory study from an end-of-life research partnership network to improve access for ethnically diverse communities in one region
Get PDFBackground: Minority ethnic patients are less likely to access timely and effective palliative and end-of-life care and, as a consequence, more likely to experience poorer symptom management and receive more intensive treatments at the end of life. Research activity has the potential to address the aforementioned barriers to improve access. However, there is a need to develop capacity and capability, particularly within underserved communities, to provide an infrastructure that can drive research activity informed by the community to benefit the community. Objective: To build and develop a robust, inclusive, and representative research partnership to facilitate improved research activity committed to addressing inequity in access to palliative and end-of-life care among ethnically diverse communities. Design: An inclusive and representative KEEch research Partnership NETwork (KEEP-NET) was established, comprised of over 80 partner organisations that represent the local diverse and multi-faith communities. Interviews (n = 11) with service providers and face-to-face roundtable workshops with community stakeholders, service providers, informal carers, and faith leaders were conducted to understand needs, challenges, and research priorities. Setting: Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, and Milton Keynes, UK. Results: Developing KEEP-NET required a flexible and agile approach to engage effectively with institutionalised and non-institutionalised stakeholders. Sharing a joint purpose of learning. managing partners' expectations and providing transparency and accountability within the network were all essential in building trust and equity within the research partnership. The overarching findings revealed a range of socio-cultural and structural barriers that negatively impact access and experience among minority ethnic groups. Discussions centred on the disconnect between informal care and support within the community, which many ethnic minority communities rely upon, and ‘institutional’ medical services. KEEP-NET uncovered that whilst service providers and communities acknowledge they need to engage with each other more, they remain uncertain of the best way to achieve this. There was also consensus that services need to deliver more effective, culturally competent, person-centric care that promotes compassion and gives weight to non-medical needs to better meet the needs of the diverse population. These findings and priorities have informed the submission of a co-produced research funding proposal. Beyond that, KEEP-NET has also provided a platform for further unplanned spin-off research projects and collaboration, including the implementation of an innovative ‘community connector’ role to facilitate better integration of community and voluntary services in palliative and end-of-life care. Conclusions: KEEP-NET has provided valuable insight into factors that can facilitate the successful collaboration between multi-faith and diverse community stakeholders. Through KEEP-NET, we offer our observations as an opportunity for shared learning for others who want to adopt a similar approach when in the planning stages of establishing a research partnership network. The mutual benefit of developing this partnership and working collectively with communities to address inequalities in accessing PEoLC could provide a useful approach and way of solving other important priorities to reduce wider health inequalities
From hegemony to Herrschaft? the growth and potential of a reactionary strain of politics on the British Right
No full textThis article argues that a reactionary mode of politics is emerging and informing more and more debate on the British Right. It defines reaction as 1) historicist attacks on liberal institutions or proxies, 2) the assertion of an anti-historicist ‘birth-culture’ axiom and 3) a platform of the ‘racialisation’ of welfare and the targeting of welfare in ways which promotes traditionalist values. It then assesses the published works of Nick Timothy, former chief of staff to Theresa May, and Munira Mirza, former political advisor to Boris Johnson, to assess the degree to which a reactionary mode of politics is present within the Party. I argue that both adopt political ontologies consistent with reaction, especially in mounting attacks on liberalism and “identity politics”, and that this ontological starting point allows both Timothy and Mirza to assert visions of society which serve to justify the reassertion of authority and inequality. It concludes by arguing that the Conservative Party’s increasing abandonment of pluralism in favour of Herrschaft, authority, over the British polity is an indication that the reactionary position is influential on the contemporary British Right
From 'harmful sexual behaviour' to 'harmful sexual culture': addressing school-related sexual and gender-based violence among young people in England through 'post-digital sexual citizenship'
Get PDFSexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in schools in England is a pressing concern, especially since the ‘Everyone’s Invited’ movement laid bare the extent of the problem across the country. This article analyses the national policy context, asserting that SGBV is a systemic problem rooted in young people’s school and online peer cultures that requires transformative solutions, involving active youth participation. We introduce and explore the utility of the concept of postdigital sexual citizenship. We contrast this approach with the prevailing behavioural science ‘nudge’ philosophy of government policy making and societal discussions on youth sexuality and rights currently shaping Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) discourse and policy in England. Challenging adult-centric, top-down methods and instead empowering young people as post-digital sexual citizens entitled to comprehensive RSE is vital. While our focus is on England, the arguments apply globally to jurisdictions tackling SGBV in schools
Managing cultural diversity and communication inside the tourism industry
No full textThe very essence of the tourist experience is based within new encounters and immersing oneself within a new location and its sounds, smells, language, and culture, all of which are also potential sources of dissatisfaction. By understanding culture and the role of communication, we are able to improve satisfaction for visitors, and the quality of interaction for teams and their guests. The objectives of this chapter are to consider the make-up of a multicultural identity, to understand the tools that are available to improve Intercultural Competence, and to identify how to apply these techniques to create effective intercultural teams within the tourism industry
Who deserves help and who is bad? race and class in 'doing' school exclusion
No full textThis article presents findings from qualitative research on school exclusion. The study was conducted in a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU), part of alternative education provision, in England. Mixed methods used included ethnographic approaches, drama-based group work, focus group discussions and interviews. Research participants were teenage boys (age 14 -16) and professionals including Teachers and Teaching Assistants (TAs). Data were analysed in multiple ways within a post structural framework, this included a participatory Data Sharing workshop with boys at the PRU and psycho social approaches. Intersectionality and post structural theories provide conceptual resources for the study. Key themes are: Situated context, boys’ creative practices through rap music and the phenomenon of parents sending their sons ‘back home’ outside the UK. The article highlights school exclusion as part of a wider global context of inequity and punishment in education. It offers nuanced insights from the raced and classed experience of exclusion
“Keep your friends close, but your enemies closer:” ChatGPT in tourism and hospitality
Get PDFPurpose: ChatGPT has been receiving mounting research attention recently. However, its application and challenges to adopt for tourism and hospitality businesses remain relatively unexplored. To address this research gap, this study aims to systematically assess the application of ChatGPT and its challenges within the domain of tourism and hospitality. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts bibliometric and content analyses of papers retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus. Particularly, it systematically reviewed the tourism and hospitality research to identify critical applications of ChatGPT in the context of tourism and hospitality. In addition, this study identified challenges associated with the application of ChatGPT in this context. Findings: It has been revealed that the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, in tourism and hospitality research is ascending, with an opportunity to advance the existing knowledge in customer service research. In addition, the results suggest an ongoing interest in assessing the role of AI and language modeling for tourism education and human resource management. Research limitations/implications: The results are constrained by the used search keywords and electronic databases. Additionally, this study covered only papers published in English. However, the findings shed light on existing knowledge concerning ChatGPT’s transformative potential, identify areas for further exploration and offer guidelines for practice in the tourism and hospitality industry. The findings also revealed various challenges that various stakeholders should keep a closer eye on to ensure the effective and safe use of ChatGPT accordingly. Originality/value: This study initiates a discussion on ChatGPT’s role in tourism and hospitality and underscores the importance of comprehensive AI integration within the sector.</p
Influence of antenatal education on birth outcomes:a systematic review focusing on primiparous women
Get PDFThe primary objective of prenatal education programs is to furnish expectant mothers with the necessary knowledge for childbirth and early parenting. Despite the extensive implementation of these programs, the efficacy of these interventions remains unclear. This systematic review endeavored to consolidate the extant evidence pertaining to the effects of prenatal education on birth outcomes and experiences. Fourteen studies, comprising various study designs executed across diverse countries, were incorporated in this review. The outcomes assessed in these studies encompassed fear and anxiety, pain, delivery mode, interventions, postpartum depression, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the risk of bias and study limitations were also summarized. The results manifested that prenatal education was effective in diminishing the fear and anxiety associated with childbirth and enhancing self-efficacy in the majority of the studies. Moreover, several studies found that engaging in prenatal education augmented the preference for unmedicated vaginal birth. However, the effects of prenatal education on postpartum outcomes were less consistent. The primary constraints of the included studies were their minute sample sizes and brief follow-up periods. Nonetheless, the existing evidence proposes that prenatal education is beneficial for first-time mothers in terms of alleviating anxiety and augmenting agency during delivery. Prenatal education can equip pregnant individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the perinatal period successfully. Further research is requisite to identify the optimal practices for diverse populations on a global scale
Addressing mental health and addictions among undergraduate nursing students in New Zealand
No full textAbstract Background Undergraduate nursing programs often mirror the general population in terms of mental health challenges and substance misuse. Some studies even indicate higher rates of these issues among nursing students. However, this area currently remains under-researched in New Zealand. Study Details: * Participants: The study involved 172 nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor of Nursing program at Manukau institute of Technology, New Zealand. * Methodology: A mixed-methodology design was used combing a 29- question survey with both closed and open- ended questions. The survey explored students’ personal experiences related to mental health and substance misuse. Key Findings: * Emotional Distress. A significant 75% of students reported anxiety * Substance Misuse: A small proportion (8.1%) reported substance misuse. * Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation: Approximately 22.1% expressed thoughts of self-harm, and 19.4% reported suicidal ideation. * Support Sources: Students primarily relied on self-management strategies (40.1%) or family/friend support (41.9%). Institutional support services were underutilised (less than 1%) often due to lack of availability or awareness. Implications: The study highlights the need for institutional change: * Accessible Support: Institutions must provide accessible and personalised support to nursing students. * Academic Success: Addressing emotional distress is crucial for students’ academic success. * Nursing Workforce Well-Being: Supporting students contributes to the well-being of the nursing workforce. The findings highlight the urgent need to address the mental health and addiction challenges experienced by nursing students, given their potential adverse effects on academic success and overall well-being. Urgent action is needed to integrate mental health training into the curriculum and supporting faculty.The underutilisation and inadequacy of institutional support services signal a need for institutional reforms to provide access and personalised mental health support to nursing students. Providing essential skills and support for student success contributes to the overall well-being of the nursing workforce
Factors that affect the implementation of an integrated care programme for older people with different frailty levels: a qualitative study of commissioners and provider stakeholders
Get PDFIntroduction: The NHS has made it mandatory for General Practices in England to proactively identify and manage older people with moderate and severe frailty since the GMS contract of 2017/2018. In Luton, stakeholders developed the Luton Framework of Frailty (LFF) to implement this national policy. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that affect the implementation of this national policy at a local level. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 commissioners and service providers, all of whom were involved in providing services for older people with different frailty levels (OPDFL). Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used, with thematic analysis used for data analysis. Results: Two main themes with several sub-themes were found. The first theme was the tension within existing national policy initiatives to provide integrated care services for OPDFL, which illuminated their strengths and limitations. Participants felt that new initiatives, such as the development of Primary Care Networks and Enhanced Health in Care Homes, have improved primary care coordination. However, the traditional reactive approach for managing older people who are frail was thought to be counterproductive, when an approach that focused on prevention and early intervention would have been better. The second theme concerned the contextual factors that affect implementation of integrated care. These included having key leaders at a local level, the requirement for more funding, as well as the need for good working relationships among service providers. However, the lack of awareness about the care pathways among GPs was thought to be a reason for the variation in the implementation of the LFF. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a challenge for the implementation of the LFF. Finally, polices were thought to succeed only if more resources are provided, while the term frailty should be used with caution due to the negative connotations of OPDFL towards this term. Conclusion: The implementation of an integrated care programme for OPDFL can be affected by several factors. Having proactive national policies that facilitate coordination and, having key leaders locally, the need for more funding, and good working relationships, are some of the contextual factors that could facilitate a successful implementation. In contrast, the lack of awareness of the care pathways that have been introduced locally, insufficient resources to deliver the programmes efficiently and a lack of careful consideration of how the term frailty is used could hinder this being put into practice.</p
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