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Preserving the future through the past: collective memory and immobility in adversity
Get PDFWhile prevailing research on migration predominantly concentrates on individuals fleeing adversities, this approach results in an underrepresentation of communities that exhibit a desire for immobility even in adversity. Thus, the decision of some community members to resist displacement and stay put in communities exposed to adversity, such as violent conflict—eco-violence, is underexplored; this article addresses this gap. In this article, grounded in the concept of collective memory, a reflexive thematic approach is used to analyze data collected in May 2022 from focus group participants in Benue and Nasarawa states in the North Central region of Nigeria. Among other things, the findings highlight the role of collective and materialized memories in shaping the attachments of community members to their ancestral land and their subsequent voluntary adoption of immobility. This article enriches the literature by presenting a perspective on how people’s memories shape the dynamics that support their quest for immobility within their conflict-affected communities, in this case, in the Nigerian context
Channel state information based physical layer authentication for Wi‐Fi sensing systems using deep learning in Internet of things networks
Get PDFSecurity problems loom big in the fast-growing world of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which is characterised by unprecedented interconnectedness and data-driven innovation, due to the inherent susceptibility of wireless infrastructure. One of the most pressing concerns is user authentication, which was originally intended to prevent unwanted access to critical information but has since expanded to provide tailored service customisation. We suggest a Wi-Fi sensing-based physical layer authentication method for IoT networks to solve this problem. Our proposed method makes use of raw channel state information (CSI) data from Wi-Fi signals to create a hybrid deep-learning model that combines convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks. Rigorous testing yields an astonishing 99.97% accuracy rate, demonstrating the effectiveness of our CSI-based verification. This technology not only strengthens wireless network security but also prioritises efficiency and portability. The findings highlight the practicality of our proposed CSI-based physical layer authentication, which provides lightweight and precise protection for wireless networks in the IoT
Identity categories and the dilemma of calling police about family violence
No full textThe under-reporting of family violence is a global problem. Multiple barriers to help- seeking have been identified, including some associated with social identities like race, age and gender. This discursive psychology study examines identity and help-seeking in social interaction. We analysed 200 calls classified by police call-takers as family harm using conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis. We found that callers oriented to a locally generated identity category ‘the one who called police’ as problematic. Callers sought anonymity or proposed cover stories to avoid being identified by others. Anonymity raised practical problems for recording callers' names and cover stories raised questions about the legitimacy of alternative accounts for police contact. We found callers' concerns with being identified create a dilemma produced through competing moral judgements tied to coexisting institutional and relational identity categories. Participants display understandings that calling the police may be the right thing to do as a help-seeker, but the wrong thing to do as a friend or family member. Our findings reveal how a locally generated identity category was observable as a force shaping help-seeking in real-time high-stakes encounters
Exploring EMI students’ attitudes towards translanguaging and English language proficiency threshold across different disciplines
Get PDFThe current study explores the discipline-based differences in terms of the relationship between English language proficiency and attitudes towards translanguaging in partial English Medium Instruction (EMI) programmes at a Turkish university. Quantitative data were collected from undergraduates in the Faculty of Engineering (n = 173) and the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences (n = 172). Analyses revealed that English proficiency did not predict students’ general attitudes towards translanguaging and their attitudes towards the use of translanguaging in class in engineering programmes. However, proficiency was a significant predictor of both factors for the social science students. MANOVA results showed that the multivariate effect of proficiency was significant in social science programmes but not in engineering programmes. An apparent proficiency threshold was observed with social science students but not with engineering students, where attitudes towards the use of translanguaging decreased at the B2 proficiency level. The paper discusses the pedagogical implications of the relationship between language proficiency and attitudes towards translanguaging in different disciplines
Exploring the relationship of cognitive function with and without COVID-19 recovered schizophrenic patients
Get PDFBackground: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to the deterioration of cognitive function among individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive performance of schizophrenic patients before and after COVID-19. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study involving a sample of 219 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia was enrolled between June 2022 and May 2023. The participants were split into two groups infected with COVID-19 (n = 165) and not infected with COVID-19 (n = 54). The data were gathered via a questionnaire on demographic characteristics, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: The repeated-measures ANOVA showed that Among patients diagnosed with COVID-19, there was a deterioration in global cognitive function (before COVID-19 = −2.45 vs. after COVID-19 = −3.02, p = 0.007), working memory (before COVID-19 = −2.76 vs. after COVID-19 = −3.34, p < 0.00 1), motor speed (before COVID-19 = −1.64 vs. after COVID-19 = −2.12, p < 0.001), attention and speed of information processing (before COVID-19 = −1.93 vs. after COVID-19 = −1.16, p = 0.008). multi-variable analysis showed that several factors as having a secondary grade of education (β = 0.434), experiencing insomnia (β = 0.411)and the interaction between COVID-19 diagnosis and cognition at baseline (β = 0.796) were significantly associated with cognitive deficits. At the same time, no significant associations were found between global cognition and clinical symptoms, autonomy, or depression (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various cognitive functions, such as verbal memory, working memory, and global cognition. Insomnia has been identified as the predominant determinant of cognitive impairment, alongside the confirmation of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Additional research is imperative to elucidate the diversification of cognitive functionality observed in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who have acquired COVID-19.</p
Relational wellbeing in the lives of young refugees
Get PDFThis book is a Special Issue Reprint. In it we consider the ways in which a relational wellbeing approach can be used to understand the lives and trajectories of refugees in general and young refugees in particular. We mainly focus on the lives of young adults who came to the global North as unaccompanied children—that is, without an adult responsible for them when they claimed asylum. Many of the papers report from the Drawing Together project (see https://www.drawingtogetherproject.org/, accessed on 11 January 2024). The project focus is on ‘relational wellbeing’ for young refugees—that is, wellbeing that is experienced through actions that repair and amplify a sense of responsibility they and other people have to each other. Hospitality and reciprocity emerge through small acts of fellowship. In time, these build patterns of exchanges between young refugees and those important to them, leading to a mutual sense of ‘having enough’, ‘being connected’, and ‘feeling good’ (White and Jha 2020). This is wellbeing as a shared endeavour. Overall, the project and many contributions in this Special Issue stand at the conjunction between fields of research into wellbeing and refugee studies. The papers span contexts and countries, offering a sense of an international array of experiences, joined by an issue of supra-national importance—that is, the ways interaction and relationality mediate the experiences of becoming and being a refugee
A privacy-preserving approach to effectively utilise distributed data for medical disease detection
No full textExploring justice tensions in the Barnahus model
Get PDFBarnahus is to support children and their families during the justice and recovery process from experiencing abuse or violence. Yet, many perspectives of justice exist in the multi-disciplinary systems involved in Barnahus. The intersection of these systems can cause tension, which affects service delivery and, ultimately, the experience of the justice and recovery journey. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the needs, rights, and responsibilities of those involved in Barnahus as key stakeholders, including children, their families, criminal justice professionals, social and health care professionals, and professionals working in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that support children and families. We also discuss the justice-related tensions that arise in the Barnahus model and how Barnahus can situate and advance a child-friendly justice model.<br/
Examining the military spending economic growth nexus in the presence of informality: evidence from the Balkan peninsula
Get PDFThis paper examines the military expenditure (milex) economic growth nexus, in selected Balkan and peripheral countries from 1990 to 2022, considering the presence of informality within an institutional framework. Specifically, we employ Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to formulate an index of informality and use the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) methods to identify the long-run equilibria. To provide a more comprehensive insight, the study also incorporates two types of causality tests – Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Juodis et al. – to determine the direction of the relationships. Our findings indicate that in the long-run milex can be detrimental to economic growth whilst informality boosts it.</p
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