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Development of ultrasound inversion methods for characterising features in 3D woven composite materials
Get PDFThere is an increasing interest in the use of 3D woven composites in applications that require improved strength-to-weight ratios. In addition, the use of these structures helps to reduce CO2 emissions. Woven composites offer many benefits including many possible architectures with high ratios of strain to failure. Woven composites are structures made by interlacing some continuous fibres (known as wefts) in one direction and other continuous fibres (known as warps) in a perpendicular direction. In the case of 3D woven composites, the third direction is reinforced by other continuous fibres known as binder. This study deals with the development of ultrasound inversion methods to characterize features in 3D woven composite materials. The study focuses on orthogonal weave-type only. Both theoretical (simulated) and measured data are analysed and used to calculate features such as the warps, wefts, and binder locations. The analytical-signal response, including the definition of three instantaneous parameters, is analysed and their capabilities to calculate the warp, weft and binder locations are demonstrated. These instantaneous parameters are the instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency. The simulated data is obtained from a 3D time domain Finite Element model whereas the measured data is acquired from scanning a built specimen using an ultrasound immersion tank. The inversion techniques developed in this study can be extended to other 3D woven weave-types
Power line monitoring-based consensus algorithm for performance enhancement of energy blockchain applications in Smart Grid 2.0
Get PDFEnergy blockchain applications are becoming inevitable with the transformation of electricity distribution networks into the decentralized Smart Grid 2.0 architecture. The scalability of the blockchain platform plays a key role in catering to the increasing number of nodes connected due to consumer-turned-prosumers being integrated into the distribution grid in a distributed manner. Hence, this study aims to optimize blockchain utilization for Smart Grid 2.0 applications through a novel consensus mechanism, which eliminates the requirement for performing additional complex computations to mine a new block. The algorithm utilizes the grid monitoring process through the existing smart meters, and thus has been capable of reducing the energy footprint for block mining to a fraction of that of the legacy Proof-of-Work algorithm, and reducing the block creation time by ∼<60% . The proposed Power Line Monitoring-based Consensus Mechanism (PLMC) algorithm is validated using the Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT). In addition, data collected while monitoring the network for block mining is utilized for power quality measurement purposes
Mobile calibration for bus-based urban sensing
Get PDFIn bus-based sensing, public transport serves as a mobile urban sensing platform. While offering much higher geographical coverage, the low-cost sensors mounted on vehicles can be less accurate and demand more frequent calibration, which may be challenging for large vehicle fleets. As calibration is performed by relating mobile sensor readings to those of fixed reference stations, the placement of reference stations is very important. In this work, we propose an algorithm for computing the optimal locations for reference stations to maximize the sensing coverage. Contrary to prior work, coverage is defined in terms of geographical area, extending a certain distance away from the route trajectory, which represents the actual sensing capacity of the vehicles. The proposed algorithm computes it using geographical set operations, such as spatial join and subtraction to compute the unique contribution of each bus route. We evaluate the approach using real bus trajectories from Manhattan, USA, and compare it with a random baseline and prior work. The results indicate that given the bus routes, a complete sensing coverage can be achieved using a single reference station with a maximum 2-hop calibration path
Keeping the body in mind: inquiring into working with a reflexive, embodied approach in a relationship therapy practice
No full textSedentary behaviour in coronary heart disease and its effect on cardiometabolic risk markers and left ventricular function and structure
No full textA study of advanced RTO (Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer) technology by optimised combustor integration and carbon-free fuel for non-carbon emissions
No full textThe association between female partner dyadic adjustment and stress following IVF: the moderating effects of romantic attachment
No full textA review of the successes, barriers and implementation of a heating network in Cambridgeshire – a case study
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