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Gamification and digital fiction
Get PDFThe commonplace view that reading a book is a silent and solitary pastime, with the occasional listening audience, such as child having a bedtime story read to them, has been challenged during the 20th century as more interactive modes of reading have come to the fore. Rather than being the recipient of a morally improving and didactic story, child readers have come to be viewed as participants, their imaginations stirred and complicit with the storyteller, dictating the mode of telling and even the direction of the story. It is true that books with fold-outs, pockets, moveable characters, pop-ups, a range of textures and sounds, and games and puzzles have long been made for the children’s market. But the revolution in publishing technologies of the past thirty years as a result of digital convergence has made us even more aware of the prevalence of participatory practices in reading. To the haptic features of older interactive books, digital technologies have added balance and directionality, location, voice recording and recognition, and smart elements from mathematics to algorithms to game mechanics. But has not been a straightforward transition: material and digital forms of gamification in children’s fiction have evolved together as authors, publishers, and developers have capitalised on the affordances of technology. In this chapter we look at the shift from material to digital interaction in children’s books, and the history of branching narratives and development of interactive fiction (IF)
Commuting students before and during COVID-19: academic identity across home and campus spaces
Get PDFCommuting students are believed to lack academic engagement because they do not ‘stick around’ on campus, but narratives of student belonging as tied to campus presence were challenged by emergency remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports on a longitudinal project on geographical, cultural, and emotional dimensions of students’ practices of learning in an English widening participation university. We use theories of student belonging and mobilities as thinking tools to understand the relationships between students, spaces and learning practices in constructing fluid understandings of academic identity. Between 2016 and 2021, 28 students (17 commuting; 26 undergraduate; six mature; two part-time; 20 white British) were interviewed. Geographical and cultural distance from university, but closeness to family or to the domestic duties of home, affected commuting students’ practices of learning differently before and during emergency remote learning. When distance was enforced, remote learning was not necessarily easier for commuters, who had complex responses to losing social interaction. By rethinking how the benefits of being physically around campus are conceptualised and communicated, and how commuter identity is shaped by continuing interactions across home, digital, travel and campus spaces, we argue that commuting students’ multiple experiences should inform the post-pandemic university
Beyond monolithic threat: understanding risk typology in court-involved Black male youth
Get PDFBlack male youth are at greatest risk of disparate contact and detention in the U.S. juvenile justice system. This study aims to identify recidivism risk/need patterns among African American male youth in the Ohio juvenile justice system, utilizing cluster analysis of risk assessment data from the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition (OYAS-DIS). We found four distinct risk patterns and accompanying recidivism rates in the Black male youth population. Two of the clusters exhibited moderate levels of risk. However, they had significantly different recidivism outcomes, suggesting certain combinations of risk factors have more or less impact the propensity for crime in the Black male sample. Implications for policy and practice are discussed, as well as future directions for research
Coping with COVID-19 lockdown: a qualitative study of older adults in alcohol treatment
Get PDFThe COVID-19 global pandemic had a major impact on older people's mental health and resulted in changes in alcohol use, with more older adults increasing than decreasing consumption levels among the general population. So far, no studies have focused on older people who were already experiencing problem alcohol use. This qualitative research is the first to provide a nuanced understanding of changes to drinking patterns among older adults engaged in alcohol treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implications of these for practice. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with people in alcohol treatment aged 55+ living in urban and rural areas across the UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. We found that changes in alcohol use varied depending on the social, economic and health impacts of the pandemic on older adults. Boredom, lack of adequate medical or emotional support, and key life changes experienced during the pandemic (such as bereavement or retirement) increased the risk of increased drinking. Moreover, some people in longer-term alcohol treatment were struggling to maintain abstinence due to lack of face-to-face peer support. For others, decreased drinking levels were a side-effect of lockdown policies and restrictions, such as alcohol-related hospitalisations, closure of social spaces or inability to source alcohol; these also supported those who decided to cut down on drinking shortly before the pandemic. Generally, older adults who developed home-based interests and self-care practices managed lockdown best, maintaining abstinence or lower risk drinking levels. Based on these results, we argue that multilevel interventions aimed at strengthening resilience are required to reduce drinking or maintain abstinence among older adults. Such interventions should address three domains: individual (coping strategies and mindset), social (support networks), and structural (access to resources). In preparation for supporting older alcohol users through prospective future pandemics, building digital literacy and inclusion are essential
‘Mind the gap': extending outcome measurement for accountability and meaningful innovation
Get PDFWe examine the outcome measurement landscape in care leaver innovation, where many innovations to support transitions of young people leaving care fail to sustain beyond a fixed-term pilot, and fewer impact wider transition policies. Our empirical qualitative study comprises interviews with 31 senior UK children’s social care policy and practice professionals, 103 interviews across five innovation-focused case studies within England with a range of public and private providers. We consider these data in relation to evaluations from a nationally diffused social care innovation. We identified three measurement landscape challenges. First, we highlight the limits of the economically-oriented measurement and identify an overlooked outcome measurement demand. Second, we emphasise a need to stratify care leaver population outcomes to better reflect individuals transition through different domains of life and trajectory. Third, we identify areas of precarity around intended use of care leaver experience. We conclude that tensions exist between the pull toward a unified approach to outcome measurement and the reality of decoupled outcome requirements and legitimacy-seeking priorities which differ according to stakeholder. These tensions entrench stagnant innovation. Recognition of roles and legitimacies that exist across the process of care leaver innovation is warranted. Opportunities for action are discussed
Engaging young people with sexual health services in general practice surgeries: a qualitative study of health care professionals
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Evidence to date suggests that young people are becoming more sexually active and are forming relationships during the early stages of their lives, sometimes engaging in sexual risk-taking, which contributes to high rates of conception and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Young people at risk of adverse sexual health outcomes are the least likely to engage with reproductive and sexual health promotion programmes and services (RSHPPs), especially in mainstream clinics such as general practice (GP) surgeries. The study aimed to explore the views and experiences of service providers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative approach to explore the views and experiences of designing and implementing RSHPPs for young people in GP surgeries was used. A total of seven participants were interviewed, including four general practitioners (GPs), two of whom were managers at the practice; one nurse; one healthcare and support worker; and one practice manager.RESULTS: The context of RSHPPs such as local health priorities and partnerships to address STIs and unplanned pregnancies among young people contribute to the implementation and engagement of young people with RSHPPs. Training of GPs, nurses, and support workers helps develop confidence and overcome personal factors by promoting effective engagement of young people with RSHPPs.CONCLUSION: Addressing local health priorities such as reducing teenage pregnancies and STIs requires organisations to provide RSHPPs in both non-clinical and clinical settings to ensure that RSHPPs are accessible to young people. There is room for improvement in access to RSH for young people in GP surgeries by addressing organisational and structural barriers to access.</p
Experiences of autism in higher education
No full textn this chapter, the author will draw from personal experiences as well as current research on autism, neurodivergence and narrative agency, to examine some of the challenges autistic and neurodivergent higher education lecturers face in the current climate. He will argue that the individual and collective practices of neurodivergent academics offer: practical critiques of the normalised working practices and material conditions in higher education, as well as intellectual and ethical commentaries on the burgeoning neoliberal conditions of contemporary academia
Airline business models as complex systems: assessing component interdependencies through interpretive structural modelling
Get PDFPurpose: This paper explores the intricate interdependencies among core components of airline business models (BMs). In the airline industry, where BMs are complex systems, a successful BM requires an orchestrated configuration of various components. However, there is a paucity of research in BM literature pertaining to the interrelationships among key components of airline BMs. Design/methodology/approach: Employing interpretive structural modelling, we gathered input from experts in Iran to assess the driving power and dependency of elements within airline BMs. Findings: Our findings highlight the significance of operating environment conditions and competitive market dynamics as pivotal external components shaping the foundational structure. Value proposition, customer relationship management, and process monitoring are crucial linkage components that drive power and dependency. Notably, capturing value is positioned with the highest dependency. Practical implications: We utilised the ISM technique to visualize interdependencies within airline business models, aiding strategic decision-making. Our findings suggest aligning business and operational strategies with market needs ensures effective value creation and capture, maintaining competitive advantage in the airline industry. In addition, our research reveals critical factors affecting value creation and capture, emphasising monitoring the operating environment and competitive market, and strategically managing value propositions and customer relationship initiatives in the airline industry. We advise adapting business models to external changes for sustained growth and recommend regular monitoring of industry trends and customer expectations. Originality/value: Framed within complexity theory, these insights offer valuable perspectives on identifying and situating critical BM components in the airline industry. The practical implications derived from this study serve as strategic tools for airline managers and potential investors to optimise the design of their airline BMs.</p
Multiscale impacts of land environmental features and planning on apartment resale prices in Jinan City, China
Get PDFAs a typical city with a population of 5 to 10 million in China, Jinan has undergone significant increases in land supply during the past decade, resulting in substantial volatility in apartment sale/resale market prices. In this study, we investigated all second-hand apartment transactions from 826 communities of Jinan city and explored the multiscale impacts of land environmental features and planning on apartment resale prices throughout the city. Specifically, central and eastern regions had significantly positive impacts on apartment resale prices, while western regions had significantly negative impacts; education resources had consistently positive impacts throughout the city while shopping, business buildings, and medical resources had insignificant impacts; subway stations had insignificant impacts and bus stations had significant effects only in congestion points and northeastern edges. Our results revealed the formation mechanisms and spatial heterogeneity of apartment resale prices in Jinan. Our work will not only help in the decision making of potential apartment purchasers, but will also be conducive to enhancing the spatial justice of local governments in land supply and planning policies
Spatial patterns and evolution features of marine cold spells in the Arabian Sea during the past three decades
Get PDFMarine Cold Spell (MCS) events are cold sea states with potentially devastating impacts on marine environments and ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed different MCS types with various severe categories in the Arabian Sea during 1994–2023. We found that all four types of MCS events shared a similar spatial pattern in terms of frequency, mean duration, mean intensity, and total days, but the frequency of 1-MCS events had a sharply decreasing trend compared with any other type of MCS events, indicating that ocean warming mainly led to the significant disappearance of short-period MCS events. Moreover, the MCS events in offshore Somalia had the highest occurring frequency, longest duration, largest intensity, and maximal total days, and were significantly different from those in other regions of the Arabian Sea. This is originated from that the cold–warm changes of the Somali current make larger fluctuations in the sea surface temperatures of the waters off Somalia, enhancing the occurring probability of MCS events, especially during the summers
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