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Tidewater Glacier Frontal Ablation Calculation Tool (TG_FACT)
No full textThe processing chain will automatically calculate monthly, three-monthly or annual frontal ablation estimates for Greenlandic tidewater glaciers. Input data 1. TermPicks Terminus delineations (Goliber and Black, 2021) 2. Satellite image (for manual delineation of fjord walls). 3. Glacier velocity (Gardner et al., 2018,2019) - code will automatically download ITS_LIVE velocities for the period 2008-2018 (Greene et al., 2017; ~7 GB) 4. Two Digital Elevation Models (preferably ArcticDEM v4.1 strips (Porter et al., 2022) and AeroDEM (Korsgaard et al., 2016). **Update: We now include a list of ArcticDEM files used for producing the dataset described in Fahrner et al., (2025). ** 5. Surface change rate (Khan, 2023) 6. Bedrock Topography from BedMachine v5 (Morlighem et al., 2017, 2022) 7. Solid Ice Discharge (Mankoff et al., 2020a, 2020b) Output The output data of the processing chain is made available in Shapefile (.shp) and NetCDF (.nc) format within the results folder. Each file contains additional data that is necessary to calculate frontal ablation estimates as well as the associated uncertainties. The following variables are contained in all files The following variables are contained in the NetCDF: Time – Midpoint of time intervals on which output data is defined [days since 01/01/1950] Name – Name of each glacier investigated in this study [unitless] Lat – Latitude (EPSG:4326) [degrees] Lon – Longitude (EPSG:4326) [degrees] PolarX – Polar Stereographic X Coordinate (EPSG:3413) [m] PolarY – Polar Stereographic Y Coordinate (EPSG:3413) [m] F – Three-month-average frontal ablation estimates during time intervals [Gt/d] F_Max_U – Maximum uncertainty over total time period [Gt/d] F_U – three-month-average frontal ablation uncertainty for time intervals [Gt/d] D – Three-month-average solid ice discharge during time intervals [Gt/d] D_U – Three-month-average solid ice discharge uncertainty for time interval [Gt/d] TMC – Terminus mass change (dM/dt) during time intervals [Gt/d] TMC _U – Three-month-average terminus mass change uncertainty during time intervals [Gt/d] L – Interpolated terminus change over time (L) [km] Delta_L_W – Delineation and fjord width uncertainty (δL/δW; constant) [km] H – Mean ice thickness within the polygon; maximum over the observation period (H) [km] Delta_H – Ice thickness uncertainty with constant ArcticDEM/AeroDEM uncertainties of 0.1 m and 6 m, respectively (δH) [km] Rho – Ice density (ρi; constant) [kg/km3] W – Mean fjord width (W) [km] Bedrock_U – Mean uncertainty in bedrock topography along the centerline [km] TI – Time interval over which data are averaged (t2-t1; 90 days for the results presented here) [d] The shapefile files contain the same the same variables as the NetCDF, however the variable Time is formatted differently for ease of use, and the variables Polar X and Polar Y are contained in the field geometry as outlined below: Date – Midpoint of time intervals on which output data is defined [yyyy-mm-dd] Geometry – Point geometry containing X and Y coordinates in Polar Stereographic Coordinate Reference System (EPSG:3413) [m] For information on the output data please read the ReadMe PDF. The latest data product (version containing frontal ablation estimates for all 49 tidewater glaciers discussed in Fahrner et al. (2025) can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076252 A quick tutorial on how to run the processing chain is available in the ReadMe PDF. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When using this processing chain please cite the associated publication (as shown below) as well as the latest version of the processing chain. Fahrner, D., Slater, D.A., KC, A. et al. A Frontal Ablation Dataset for 49 Tidewater Glaciers in Greenland. Sci Data 12, 601 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04948-3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- References Gardner, A. S., Moholdt, G., Scambos, T., Fahnstock, M., Ligtenberg, S., van den Broeke, M. & Nilsson, J. Increased West Antarctic and unchanged East Antarctic ice discharge over the last 7 years. Cryosphere 12,521–547 (2018). Gardner, A. S., Fahnestock, M. A. & Scambos, T. A. ITS_LIVE Regional Glacier and Ice Sheet Surface Velocities Data archived at National Snow and Ice Data. doi:10.5067/6II6VW8LLWJ7, [20/10.2024] (2019). Goliber, S. and Black, T., (2021) TermPicks: A century of Greenland glacier terminus data for use in machine learning applications (Version 1). Available at: https://zenodo.org/records/5117931. Greene, C. A., Gwyther, D. E. & Blankenship, D. D. Antarctic mapping tools for MATLAB. Comput Geosci 104,151–157 (2017). Khan, S. A. Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Elevation Change. GEUS Dataverse v2, https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/GQJJEA (2023) Korsgaard, N. J., Nuth, C., Khan, S. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Bjørk, A. A., Schomacker, A. & Kjær, K. H. Digital Elevation Model and orthophotographs of Greenland based on aerial photographs from 1978-1987 (G150 AERODEM) (NCEI Accession 0145405). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, https://doi.org/10.7289/v56q1v72 [10/08/2022] (2016) Mankoff, K., Solgaard, A., Larsen, S. Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through last month: Discharge. GEUS Dataverse, V100 https://doi.org/doi/10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge/d/v02 (2020a). Mankoff, K., Solgaard, A., Larsen, S., PROMICE & program, I. under the E. U. H. 2020 research and innovation. Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through last month: Discharge. GEUS Dataverse, V100 https://doi.org/doi/10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge/d/v02 (2020b) Morlighem, M., Williams, C. N., Rignot, E., An, L., Arndt, J. E., Bamber, J., Catania, G., Chauché, N., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dorschel, B. & others. BedMachine v3: Complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation. Geophys Res Lett44, (2017). Morlighem, M., Williams, C., Rignot, E., An, L., Arndt, J. E. , Bamber, J., Catania, G. , Chauché, N., Dowdeswell, J. A. , Dorschel, B., Fenty, I., Hogan, K., Howat, I., Hubbard, A., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, T. M., Kjeldsen, K. K., Millan, R., Mayer, L., Mouginot, J., Noël, B., O’Cofaigh, C., Palmer, S. J., Rysgaard, S., Seroussi, H., Siegert, M. J., Slabon, P., Straneo, F., van den Broeke, M. R., Weinrebe, W., Wood, M. & Zinglersen, K. IceBridge BedMachine Greenland. (IDBMG4, Version 5). [surface, bed, error]. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. Boulder, Colorado USA. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5067/GMEVBWFLWA7X (2022) Porter, C. et al. ArcticDEM – Strips, Version 4.1, Harvard Dataverse, V1, [15/10/2024], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/C98DVS, (2022).Fahrner, D., Slater, D., Sutherland, D., Enderlin, E., Nienow, P., & Wagner, T. (2025). Tidewater Glacier Frontal Ablation Calculation Tool (TG_FACT). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1530772
Alcohol coding
No full textAlcohol categories for patients in CPRD based on their primary care records. The scripts for reproducing all these steps in SQL can be found in the files `SQL_alcohol_scripts.md` and `alcohol_codes.sql`.Romero Moreno, G., Guthrie, B., Palmer, J., MacRae, C., Galdi, P., & De Ferrari, L. (2025). Alcohol coding. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1505644
Conflict and compromise:Abortion law reform in Great Britain, Canada, and Spain, 1960s-1980s
Get PDFBetween the 1960s and 1980s, a wave of abortion law reforms swept through various Western nations. The reforms aimed to clarify extant laws, protect doctors from criminal prosecution, and curtail the toll of backstreet abortions on women’s bodies and lives. They emerged out of a series of conflicts and compromises evident in the design and implementation of new abortion laws which, on the one hand, expanded the parameters for legal abortion, but on the other, criminalized abortions that did not fall within them. Despite divergent historical, political and medical contexts, a transnational comparative analysis of abortion law reform efforts in Great Britain, Canada, and Spain in this period highlights the conflicts and compromises each experienced, exploring similarities and dissimilarities in legislation and examining the impact of that legislation on medical professionals, abortion providers, and women seeking legal abortion services
Miniatures:A Reader in the History of Everyday Life
Get PDFThis book is the first of its kind to present readers with the rich and innovative source base deployed by scholars studying everyday life in the modern era. Twenty-eight researchers from diverse intellectual and disciplinary standpoints each present a favourite primary source for studying the history of everyday life, accompanied by a reflective commentary on the benefits, challenges, and potential pitfalls of using their chosen material.The sources included range from ego documents (diaries, memoirs, letters), oral testimonies, ethnographic fieldnotes, newspapers, magazines, and official documents to photographs, film, maps, floor plans, drawings, material objects, and instant messages. They cover topics and themes as varied as individual mentalities, emotions, identities, sense of place, sexuality, and agency; experiences of space, violence, war, childhood, humour, the body, and the senses; and the history of nationalism, diplomacy, political activism, youth culture, tourism, memory, dictatorship, colonialism, and race and racism.This book demonstrates not only the texture and fascination of people’s everyday lives, but also what a critical reading of this microscale can reveal about the broader sweep of history. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers and students alike interested in everyday life, in micro- and local-scales of analysis, and in the study of history and society ‘from below’
Advancing CTC models for better speech alignment:A topological approach
Get PDFAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems often face challenges in alignment quality, particularly with the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) approach, which frequently results in a high number of blank frames, known as the “peaky” issue. In this study, we explore the impact of modifying ASR model topologies on alignment quality without compromising Word Error Rate (WER) performance. Our findings demonstrate that introducing additional states to the CTC topology significantly improves alignment quality and mitigates the peaky issue. Conversely, increasing the minimum traversal frame can degrade alignment quality in our specific settings. These insights emphasise the critical importance of topology design in balancing alignment accuracy and recognition performance in ASR systems
From semantic structure to conventionalization:Exploring scalar diversity in quantifier scales
Get PDFThe present study investigates potential differences among 40 quantifier scales regarding measures that may indicate variations in conventionalization among different scales, i.e., the extent to which their terms are stored as scalemates in the mental lexicon. We derive these measures from two experiments and corpus data. In addition to exploring the relationships between these measures, we also investigate their correlation with scalar inference (SI) rates. We compare the quantifier scales to scales from two categories: highly and moderately conventionalized. Our findings indicate that quantifier scales pattern with moderately conventionalized scales in the experimental tasks. Additionally, we identify two significant predictors of SI rates that are not directly derived from the semantics of the quantifiers: confidence in an elicitation task and the observed/expected ratio of sentences in a corpus. Finally, we propose that the semantic and non-semantic features generally align, working together to reinforce the connection between the scalemates
Neo-Mau Mau’ and ex-loyalists:The politics of chieftaincy in Central Kenya, 1960-69
Get PDFAnti-colonial conflict and the process of decolonization produced fractions within communities that manifested in local debates about ideology, colonial legacies, and the spatialization of postcolonial power. This process appears particularly clearly in the aftermath of the Mau Mau uprising in Central Kenya, where rivalry between colonial loyalists and former anti-colonial insurgents persisted despite the postcolonial elite's homilies of reconciliation. This article focuses on the position of the “chief,” a local agent of the central state whose occupants had been at the vanguard of the colonial State of Emergency. In demanding that chiefs be elected after independence, radical nationalists and ex-fighters in the branches of the Kenya African National Union party sought to reshape for whom and how political power was to be exercised. Across the region, controversies erupted as some colonial chiefs stayed in place, outspoken radicals replaced others, and elsewhere, former Mau Mau became loyal servants of centralized power. This local lens reveals these fractures within local communities along the lines of class and power, rewriting a narrative of Kenyan postcolonial statehood that has so often emphasized ethnicity and the overweening power of the bureaucratic apparatus. Decolonization hereby appears as a continuously negotiated and incomplete process
Pancreatitis in Children - Practical Management from the BSPGHAN Pancreatitis Working Group.
Get PDFPancreatitis, a condition characterised by inflammation of the pancreas, has multiple aetiologies. Improving clinical proficiency in prompt diagnosis and effective management leads to better outcomes for children with acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Establishing consensus guidance via the British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) Pancreatitis Working Group (WG) has ensured further focus on these patients who are often cared for in a multidisciplinary framework and may prompt future research in this area
Autophagy regulates cellular senescence by mediating the degradation of CDKN1A/p21 and CDKN2A/p16 through SQSTM1/p62-mediated selective autophagy in myxomatous mitral valve degeneration.
Get PDFMyxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is one of the most important age-dependent degenerative heart valve disorders in both humans and dogs. It is characterized by the aberrant remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), regulated by senescent myofibroblasts (aVICs) transitioning from quiescent valve interstitial cells (qVICs), primarily under TGFB1/TGF-β1 control. In the present study, we found senescent aVICs exhibited impaired macroautophagy/autophagy as evidenced by compromised autophagy flux and immature autophagosomes. MTOR-dependent autophagy induced by rapamycin and torin-1 attenuated cell senescence and decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) CDKN2A/p16 INK4A and CDKN1A/p21 CIP1. Furthermore, induction of autophagy in aVICs by ATG (autophagy related) gene overexpression restored autophagy flux, with a concomitant reduction in CDKN1A and CDKN2A expression and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Conversely, autophagy deficiency induced CDKN1A and CDKN2A accumulation and SASP, whereas ATG re-expression alleviated senescent phenotypic transformation. Notably, CDKN1A and CDKN2A localized to autophagosomes and lysosomes following MTOR antagonism or MG132 treatment. SQSTM1/p62 was identified as the autophagy receptor to selectively sequester CDKN1A and CDKN2A cargoes for autophagic degradation. Our findings are the first demonstration that CDKN1A and CDKN2A are degraded through SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy, independent of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These data will inform development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of canine and human MMVD, and for the treatment of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and other age-related degenerative disorders. Abbreviations: ACTA2/α-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; aVICs: activated valve interstitial cells; ATG: autophagy related; baf-A1: bafilomycin A 1; BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CDKIs, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; ECM, extracellular matrix; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; eGFP: green fluorescent protein; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HEK-293T, human embryonic kidney 293T; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; LIR: MAP1LC3/LC3-interacting region; MFS: Marfan syndrome; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MMVD: myxomatous mitral valve degeneration; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC: MTOR complex; OE: overexpression; PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PIK3CA/PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PLA: proximity ligation assays; PSMA1: proteasome 20S subunit alpha 1; PSMB5: proteasome 20S subunit beta 5; qVICs: quiescent valve interstitial cells; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; SA-GLB1/β-gal: SA-senescence-associated GLB1/β-galactosidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; RPS6KB1/p70 S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SMAD: SMAD family member; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STEM: scanning transmission electron microscopy; TGFB: transforming growth factor beta; TGFBR: transforming growth factor beta receptor; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; WT, wild-type.</p
Ideational power or political demand? Tracing the logics of in-work benefit reforms in France and the United Kingdom
Get PDFIn recent decades, numerous welfare states have implemented in-work benefits to ‘make work pay’ and tackle in-work poverty. To explain the adoption and institutionalisation of this instrument, studies tend to emphasise either socio-political demand or ideational influences as motivators of policy decisions. However, the relative importance of these causal logics, and the relationship between them, remains ambiguous. To advance this debate, this article examines in-work benefit reforms in two welfare states: France and the United Kingdom. Examining reforms from the late 1990s to the 2010s, findings suggest that policy change and convergence were driven by an ideational rather than a demand-based logic. Reforms were more strongly motivated by the shared interpretive frameworks of policymakers and their instrumental use of ideas (ideational power) rather than the demands of voters and organised interests. This finding on the specific drivers of in-work benefits contributes wider insights into the roles of ideas in public policy
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