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Community estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023
No full textGlaciers are indicators of ongoing anthropogenic climate change1. Their melting leads to increased local geohazards2, and impacts marine3 and terrestrial4,5 ecosystems, regional freshwater resources6, and both global water and energy cycles7,8. Together with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, glaciers are essential drivers of present9,10 and future11,12,13 sea-level rise. Previous assessments of global glacier mass changes have been hampered by spatial and temporal limitations and the heterogeneity of existing data series14,15,16. Here we show in an intercomparison exercise that glaciers worldwide lost 273 ± 16 gigatonnes in mass annually from 2000 to 2023, with an increase of 36 ± 10% from the first (2000–2011) to the second (2012–2023) half of the period. Since 2000, glaciers have lost between 2% and 39% of their ice regionally and about 5% globally. Glacier mass loss is about 18% larger than the loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and more than twice that from the Antarctic Ice Sheet17. Our results arise from a scientific community effort to collect, homogenize, combine and analyse glacier mass changes from in situ and remote-sensing observations. Although our estimates are in agreement with findings from previous assessments14,15,16 at a global scale, we found some large regional deviations owing to systematic differences among observation methods. Our results provide a refined baseline for better understanding observational differences and for calibrating model ensembles12,16,18, which will help to narrow projection uncertainty for the twenty-first century11,12,18
Reprint of:Political uncertainty, corporate social responsibility, and firm performance
No full textOur study reveals that companies with higher Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ratings exhibit superior stock returns compared to their counterparts with lower ratings during periods of political uncertainty. This phenomenon is more pronounced in a closely contested election with a higher degree of unpredictability. Our results remain robust after addressing potential endogeneity issue and are not affected by the ex-post election outcome or the political donations made by firms. Further analysis indicates that the increase in returns could be attributed to the improved relationship between firms and their internal stakeholders. Overall, our research supports the notion that investing in social capital can facilitate the establishment of stronger relationships with stakeholders, which can ultimately lead to beneficial outcomes during periods of adversity.</p
Fission yeast Caprin protein is required for efficient heterochromatin establishment
Get PDFHeterochromatin is a key feature of eukaryotic genomes that serves important regulatory and structural roles in regions such as centromeres. In fission yeast, maintenance of existing heterochromatic domains relies on positive feedback loops involving histone methylation and non-coding RNAs. However, requirements for de novo establishment of heterochromatin are less well understood. Here, through a cross-based assay we have identified a novel factor influencing the efficiency of heterochromatin establishment. We determine that the previously uncharacterised protein is an ortholog of human Caprin1, an RNA-binding protein linked to stress granule formation. We confirm that the fission yeast ortholog, here named Cpn1, also associates with stress granules, and we uncover evidence of interplay between heterochromatin integrity and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule formation, with heterochromatin mutants showing reduced granule formation in the presence of stress, but increased granule formation in the absence of stress. We link this to regulation of non-coding heterochromatic transcripts, since in heterochromatin-deficient cells, Cpn1 can be seen to colocalise with accumulating pericentromeric transcripts, and absence of Cpn1 leads to hyperaccumulation of these RNAs at centromeres. Together, our findings unveil a novel link between RNP homeostasis and heterochromatin assembly, and implicate Cpn1 and associated factors in facilitating efficient heterochromatin establishment by enabling removal of excess transcripts that would otherwise impair assembly processes
Measuring evidential phenomena for complex reasoning patterns about a mass of evidence
Get PDFStudies on the evidential foundations of probabilistic reasoning are extended using the notion of weight of evidence to measure evidential phenomena in the presence of a mass of evidence giving rise to complex reasoning patterns. The main results provided in this paper are methods to measure inferential interactions and dissonances among items of evidence. All measures are defined to ensure a versatile applicability in inferential tasks involving the combination of evidence and a mass of evidence. These measures enable a detailed examination of recurrent phenomena in evidence-based reasoning, such as convergence, contradiction, redundancy, and synergy. Most of these phenomena have—as far as the authors are aware—either not been formally described or any formal description proposed has been of limited use for evidence-based reasoning tasks. The present research addresses this deficit in the current understanding and treatment of these evidential phenomena. It is shown by way of examples that incorrect consideration of evidential phenomena can lead to substantial misrepresentations of the value of evidence.</p
Glotopolítica de la diversidad:Una aproximación al lenguaje inclusivo en español
Get PDFEste libro presenta una reflexión crítica e interdisciplinar sobre los usos lingüísticos más asentados que se utilizan en español para representar y nombrar el género desde una perspectiva de comunicación inclusiva, que busca dar visibilidad a las personas y colectivos de forma más igualitaria. Para ello, proponemos partir de un enfoque glotopolítico, como perspectiva intelectual que guíe el análisis y la confluencia entre lengua, sociedad y política.El presente volumen supone una de las mayores contribuciones sobre estefenómeno hasta la fecha. Los 14 trabajos de investigación de corte empírico que lo componen buscan hacernos entender la realidad del lenguaje inclusivo en distintos países donde el español se habla y se aprende, revisando su historia, evolución y situación actual, sus implicaciones lingüísticas, sociolingüísticas y discursivas en distintos contextos y ámbitos de uso; así como analizando del lenguaje inclusivo en los diferentes registros y contextos de comunicación, las actitudes lingüísticas que provoca, las ideologías y políticas lingüísticas relacionadas con los usos no sexistas del lenguaje, y su impacto en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua
Desiderative Lockeanism
Get PDFAccording to the Desiderative Lockean Thesis, there are necessary and sufficient conditions, stated in the terms of decision theory, for when one is truly said to want. I advance a new Desiderative Lockean view. My view is distinctive in being doubly context-sensitive. Want ascriptions exhibit a remarkable context-sensitivity: what a person is truly said to want varies by context in a variety of ways, a fact that has not been fully appreciated. Others Desiderative Lockeans attempt to capture the context-sensitivity in want ascriptions by positing a single context-sensitive parameter. I posit two. Only with a doubly context-sensitive view can we explain a range of facts that go unexplained by all other Desiderative Lockean views
Local Priests in the Latin West, 900-1050
Get PDFThe local priest was the most ubiquitous embodiment of the Church for many people in medieval Christian Europe. By centring this key figure in post-Carolingian Europe, this book provides a fresh perspective on the transition between two focuses of historiographical attention, the Carolingian reform and the Gregorian reform. This pivot away from Church elites such as popes, bishops and abbots, and the institutional structures of dioceses and parishes, sheds light on new lines of continuity and moments of transformation, examining the resources and kinship ties of local priests and assessing their relationship with the bishop at both the collective and the individual level. It draws on a variety of methodologies and forms of evidence, ranging from the detailed study of specific manuscripts to wide-ranging overviews of liturgical and documentary evidence
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