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Central African Republic Motorised Travel Time (in seconds) to nearest health centre
No full textA 100 m spatial resolution geotiff of motorised travel time in seconds to nearest health facility in Central African Republic. The data was generated using the Child Poverty and Access to Services (CPAS) software (10.5281/zenodo.4638563) and was created as part of the CPAS project within the Data for Children Collaborative. The travel time is calculated assuming driving speeds of local public transport options on all-weather roads/asphalt roads and walking speeds on all other roads, tracks, paths and land cover types. A full description is available here a video description of the data is also available hereA 100 m spatial resolution geotiff of motorised travel time in seconds to nearest health facility in Central African Republic. The data was generated using the Child Poverty and Access to Services (CPAS) software (10.5281/zenodo.4638563) and was created as part of the CPAS project within the Data for Children Collaborative. The travel time is calculated assuming driving speeds of local public transport options on all-weather roads/asphalt roads and walking speeds on all other roads, tracks, paths and land cover types. A full description is available here a video description of the data is also available herehttps://data.humdata.org/dataset/central-african-republic-motorised-travel-time-in-seconds-to-nearest-health-centr
Changes in referential production among Japanese-English bilingual returnee children:A five-year longitudinal study
No full textThis study tracked the referential production of 25 Japanese-English returnee children for five years upon their return to Japan from an English-dominant environment (Mean age = 9.72 at the time of return) and compared their referential strategies to 27 Japanese monolinguals and 27 English monolinguals, age-matched to the returnee’s age at time of return. Returnees used more redundant Noun Phrases (NPs) in both languages to maintain references compared to monolingual peers. In English, no changes in NP use were noted over time, but increased exposure in English led to fewer redundant NPs when maintaining references. In their native Japanese (L1), returnees used less NPs for maintaining references and more NPs for reintroducing references, indicating improved reference tracking longitudinally. In sum, returnees’ referential production is more sensitive to L1 re-exposure effects than second language (L2) attrition and crucially, increased L2 exposure minimizes redundant referent production among bilingual returnee children
Ethnokafenology:Oral testimony, space, and the noise of the everyday in Western Thrace, Greece (c. 1939-2013)
Get PDFScattering of surface waves by ocean currents: the U2H map
Get PDFOcean turbulence at meso- and submesocales affects the propagation of surface waves through refraction and scattering, inducing spatial modulations in significant wave height (SWH). We develop a theoretical framework that relates these modulations to the current that induces them. We exploit the asymptotic smallness of the ratio of typical current speed to wave group speed to derive a linear map -- the U2H map -- between surface current velocity and SWH anomaly. The U2H map is a convolution, non-local in space, expressible as a product in Fourier space by a factor independent of the magnitude of the wavenumber vector. Analytic expressions of the U2H map show how the SWH responds differently to the vortical and divergent parts of the current, and how the anisotropy of the wave spectrum is key to large current-induced SWH anomalies. We implement the U2H map numerically and test its predictions against WAVEWATCH III numerical simulations for both idealised and realistic current configurations
Estimating Product Cannibalisation in Wholesale using Multivariate Hawkes Processes with Inhibition
Get PDFProduct cannibalisation in the marketplace refers to the decrease in thesales of one product due to competition from another product. We examinethis phenomenon in a wholesale data set provided by a major internationalcompany.We use a multivariate Hawkes process where each product is representedby a dimension, with cross-inhibition effects that model product cannibalisation.To implement the Hawkes process with inhibition we resolve challengesregarding the integration of the intensity function and introduce a new,less restrictive condition for stability as existing conditions are unnecessarilystrict under inhibition.We conduct our analysis in a Bayesian framework, forwhich we design a dimension-independent prior on the cross-inhibition basedon a reparametrisation
Performances of responsibility:Market-based sustainability governance and the ‘responsibility economy’
Get PDFThis article offers a reading of ‘market-based sustainability governance’ as a reflexive governance form, which works in part by establishing the conditions for contestation over the meaning, measurement and enactment of ‘sustainability’. Taking the reflexive quality of sustainable capitalism seriously, the paper asks what new opportunities and strategies it may open up for critical enquiry and practice—and at the same time what limits it may place on critique—drawing particular inspiration from the work of Anna Tsing and Donna Haraway
Detection of genetic variability in dairy cattle infectivity for bovine tuberculosis
Get PDFThis study investigated the genetics of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infectivity in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows using British national data. The analyses included cows with recorded sires from herds affected by bTB outbreaks between 2000 and 2022. Animals were considered bTB positive if they reacted positively to the skin test, had positive postmortem findings, or both. We introduced the “index case approach,” based on the assumption that once the initial positively tested animals (index cases) are detected in a herd, subsequent infections (secondary cases) in the early stages of the breakdown are likely to be attributed to these animals. Genetic analysis of the number of secondary cases (NrSC) associated with a given index case was used to establish evidence of genetic variability in bTB infectivity of cattle, and derive EBV for infectivity for the sires of the index cases. Data were analyzed by employing Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to fit generalized linear mixed models with either Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), hurdle Poisson, or geometric distributions. All 4 models demonstrated presence of genetic variance in cattle infectivity, with the strongest evidence provided by the ZIP and hurdle Poisson models. The hurdle Poisson model offered the most accurate and least biased predictions. Sire infectivity EBV from the Poisson, ZIP, and geometric models showed strong concordance, with pairwise correlations of 0.90 or higher. In contrast, correlations between EBV from the hurdle Poisson model and the other models ranged from 0.36 to 0.39. The association of the sire infectivity EBV with the average observed NrSC per sire and the proportion of infectious index case daughters per sire was generally moderate with correlations between 44% and 47% and 65% to 69%, respectively. Agreement among models for identifying the genetically most infectious sires was also reasonable, with 151 out of 285 sires appearing in the top 10% across models, and 122 (42.8%) also aligning with the top 10% based on observed average NrSC. Results provide novel evidence for exploitable genetic variance in bTB infectivity allowing the derivation of meaningful EBV. Based on the estimated posterior mean genetic variances obtained, reduction in infectivity by 1 genetic SD would result in a 32% to 44% decrease in the expected NrSC per index case. Further research is warranted to refine the phenotypic definition of infectivity and assess correlation with other dairy traits.</p
Whole Genome Methylation Sequencing via Enzymatic Conversion (EM-seq):Protocol, Data Processing, and Analysis
Get PDFWhole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has been the gold standard technique for base resolution analysis of DNA methylation for the last 15 years. It has been, however, associated with technical biases, which lead to overall overestimation of global and regional methylation values, and significant artifacts in extreme cytosine-rich DNA sequence contexts. Enzymatic conversion of cytosine is the newest approach, set to replace entirely the use of the damaging bisulfite conversion of DNA. The EM-seq technique utilizes TET2, T4-BGT, and APOBEC in a two-step conversion process, where the modified cytosines are first protected by oxidation and glucosylation, followed by deamination of all unmodified cytosines to uracil. As a result, EM-seq is degradation-free and bias-free, requires low DNA input, and produces high library yields with longer reads, little batch variation, less duplication, uniform genomic coverage, accurate methylation over a larger number of captured CpGs, and no sequence-specific artifacts.</p
Untangling deliverability, additionality and double counting related to renewable energy certificates for improved scope 2 emissions accounting
Get PDFAccelerating isotope dilution LC-MS-based desmosine quantification for estimating elastin turnover
Get PDFAims: Circulating total desmosine, representing endogenous systemic elastin degradation activity, is an emerging biomarker for mortality risk in several diseases and aging. However, the existing analytical method takes more than 23 hours to complete, limiting its potential applications. The objective of this study was to shorten the turnover time of a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatogram mass spectrometry-based desmosine assay. Materials & Methods: Plasma samples were analysed using acid hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS. Two approaches to reduce assay time were tested: microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis and direct injection following solid-phase extraction. Results: The combination of acid hydrolysis at 180°C for 8 minutes and a low-volume elution design for solid-phase extraction reduced the overall assay time to ~30 minutes. The assay was validated with intra-day precision and accuracy ranging from 4% to 14%, and -7% to 9%, respectively, while inter-day precision and accuracy were 0% to 9% and 1% to 3%, respectively. The assay was tested in a cohort of patients with acute aortic dissection and control subjects, where desmosine concentrations were approximately three-fold higher in patients. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that rapid desmosine analysis can be achieved with the use of both microwave-assisted hydrolysis and streamlined solid-phase extraction.<br/
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