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Inter-Annual Variability of Peatland Vegetation Captured Using Phenocam- and UAV Imagery
Get PDFPlant phenology is an important driver of inter-annual variability in peatland carbon uptake. However, the use of traditional phenology datasets (e.g., manual surveys, satellite remote sensing) to quantify this link is hampered by their limited spatial and temporal coverage. This study examined the use of phenology cameras (phenocams) and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring phenology in a Scottish temperate peatland. Data were collected at the site over multiple growing seasons using a UAV platform fitted with a multispectral Parrot Sequoia camera. We found that greenness indices calculated using data from both platforms were in strong agreement with each other, and exhibited strong correlations with rates of gross primary production (GPP) at the site. Greenness maps generated with the UAV data were combined with fine-scale vegetation classifications, and highlighted the variable sensitivity of different plant species to dry spells over the study period. While a lack of suitable weather conditions for surveying limited the UAV data temporally, the phenocam provided a near-continuous record of phenology. The latter revealed substantial temporal variability in the relationship between canopy greenness and peatland GPP, which although strong over the growing season as a whole (rs = 0.88, p < 0.01), was statistically insignificant during the peak growing season
The challenge of assessing dental pain in horses
Get PDFDENTAL disease is one of the most common conditions affecting domesticated horses. However, it often goes undiagnosed as clinical signs can be subtle and thus difficult for horse owners to identify.1, 2 This presents a significant welfare challenge, as untreated dental disease can lead to chronic pain and a reduced quality of life
Assessment of a 6-arylaminobenzamide lead derivative as a potential core scaffold for S1P5 positron emission tomography radiotracer development
Get PDFSphingosine-1-phosphate-5 receptors (S1P5) are predominantly expressed in oligodendrocytes and as a result have been proposed as an important target in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Selective S1P5 radiotracers could enable in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of oligodendrocytes activity. Here we report the synthesis, radiolabelling and first preclinical evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and binding properties of a lead 6-arylaminobenzamide derivative, 6-(mesitylamino)-2-methoxy-3-methylbenzamide (also named as TEFM180), as a potential core scaffold for development of novel S1P5 PET radiotracers. Following intravenous bolus injection, TEFM180 was found to quickly enter the brain with good brain:blood ratios and subsequent rapid clearance. Autoradiography studies showed that [3H]TEFM180 had a high affinity for its target (KD = 2.8 nM), with moderate levels of non-displaceable binding. Distribution of [3H]TEFM180 in the brain was found to be consistent with S1P5 expression and showed a binding potential (BP) of >2–3 in white matter rich regions. Overall, TEFM180 offers a good initial platform for development of future radiotracers targeting S1P5
Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease:The Effect of White Matter Hyperintensity Regression and Progression
Get PDFThe novel T107I Inherited prion disease can present as a clinical and biomarker mimic of familial Alzheimer's disease
Get PDFInherited prion diseases (IPD) secondary to mutations of the prion protein gene, PRNP, exhibit diverse clinical phenotypes, capable of mimicking numerous primary neurodegenerative conditions. We describe the clinical phenotype and neuropathological findings in a family from County Limerick in Ireland presenting with Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive decline and motor symptoms caused by a novel missense mutation of PRNP. This mutation occurs in the PRNP central lysine cluster (CLC; codon 101-110), resulting in substitution of threonine with isoleucine at codon 107 (T107I). This case series highlights that IPD can be hard to distinguish from overlapping clinical syndromes seen in other neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss similarities and differences of the novel mutation T107I to other pathogenic mutations of the CLC of PRNP. </p
Zimbabwe Motorised Travel Time (in seconds) to nearest health centre
No full textA 100 m spatial resolution geotiff of motorised travel time in seconds to nearest health facility in Zimbabwe. The data was generated using the Child Poverty and Access to Services (CPAS) software (10.5281/zenodo.4638563) and was created as part of the CPAS project within the Data for Children Collaborative. The travel time is calculated assuming driving speeds of local public transport options on all-weather roads/asphalt roads and walking speeds on all other roads, tracks, paths and land cover types. A full description is available here a video description of the data is also available hereA 100 m spatial resolution geotiff of motorised travel time in seconds to nearest health facility in Zimbabwe. The data was generated using the Child Poverty and Access to Services (CPAS) software (10.5281/zenodo.4638563) and was created as part of the CPAS project within the Data for Children Collaborative. The travel time is calculated assuming driving speeds of local public transport options on all-weather roads/asphalt roads and walking speeds on all other roads, tracks, paths and land cover types. A full description is available here a video description of the data is also available herehttps://data.humdata.org/dataset/zimbabwe-motorised-travel-time-in-seconds-to-nearest-health-centr
Targeting TRPM3 As a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
No full textAbstract Cystic diseases, especially autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD; incidence approx. 1/1000), are a leading cause of renal failure, caused by appearance and growth of renal cysts that can lead to renal failure in middle age. Most ADPKD cases are caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2, encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). PC1 is a mechanosensor that controls PC2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that, by regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+, prevents adenylyl cyclase producing cyst-promoting concentrations of cAMP. In other systems, there is evidence for PC2 interacts with TRPM3. We therefore examined the effect of pharmacological activators and inhibitors of TRPM3 on cyst formation in cultured mouse kidney rudiments exposed to a range of concentrations of forskolin, a cAMP-elevating drug commonly used experimentally to induce cysts in cultured kidneys. We found that TRPM3 inhibitors (isosakuranetin, primidone, diclofenac) increased cyst formation, while TRPM3 activators (CIM0216 and nifedipine) greatly reduced cyst formation and reduced the sensitivity of kidneys to forskolin. These preclinical, in-vitro data suggest that TRPM3 may be a promising target in ADPKD management
Racing with a purpose:Sustainability in Formula E
No full textThis study examined the seasonal sustainability reporting of Formula E for its content, variation, and linearity. Formula E was chosen since it was built as a sustainable sport enterprise rather than one which integrated sustainability into existing operations and for the accessibility of its annual sustainability reports. Using an exploratory approach for content and variation, and the Green Waves of sport sustainability for linearity, eight seasons of sustainability reports from Formula E were collected and examined via content analysis. Findings revealed the major content areas for Formula E concerned event management, car design, and community engagement with these initiatives classified as internal or external efforts. Reports were inconsistent in their structure, language, scope, and focus. The Green Waves suggest that while some efforts progress, others may regress according to strategy or the initiative’s life cycle. Formula E is progressing overall in their sustainability efforts, but exemplifies the lack of an end point to sustainability efforts. It is suggested that better coordination could yield higher strategic success and recognition
Glotopolítica de la diversidad:Una aproximación al lenguaje inclusivo en español
Get PDFEste libro presenta una reflexión crítica e interdisciplinar sobre los usos lingüísticos más asentados que se utilizan en español para representar y nombrar el género desde una perspectiva de comunicación inclusiva, que busca dar visibilidad a las personas y colectivos de forma más igualitaria. Para ello, proponemos partir de un enfoque glotopolítico, como perspectiva intelectual que guíe el análisis y la confluencia entre lengua, sociedad y política.El presente volumen supone una de las mayores contribuciones sobre estefenómeno hasta la fecha. Los 14 trabajos de investigación de corte empírico que lo componen buscan hacernos entender la realidad del lenguaje inclusivo en distintos países donde el español se habla y se aprende, revisando su historia, evolución y situación actual, sus implicaciones lingüísticas, sociolingüísticas y discursivas en distintos contextos y ámbitos de uso; así como analizando del lenguaje inclusivo en los diferentes registros y contextos de comunicación, las actitudes lingüísticas que provoca, las ideologías y políticas lingüísticas relacionadas con los usos no sexistas del lenguaje, y su impacto en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua
Comparative judgement for experimental philosophy: A method for assessing ordinary meaning in vehicles in the park cases
Get PDFThis paper demonstrates the value to experimental philosophy of an empirical method from the social sciences – that of comparative judgment. Comparative judgment is a method of assigning scores to (perceptions of) objects using paired comparisons. We use this method to explore the “ordinary meaning” of words, and the classic case of vehicles in the park in particular. We present an empirical study comprising three conditions. Given a pair of potential vehicles, participants were asked to judge either 1) the better example of a vehicle, 2) the worse violation of a sign that reads “no vehicles in the park”, or 3) the bigger nuisance in a park. We find that both the meaning of the wording of the rule and the intention behind it influence participants judgments of rule-violations, consistent with previous studies. More importantly, comparative judgment provides more fine-grained information about agreement and the weighted rankings of the potential vehicles than other methods, with widespread potential applications in experimental philosophy
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