179566 research outputs found
Sort by
Testing space-for-time transferability of climate effects on occupancy and abundance
Get PDFSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are frequently used to project species' ranges under future climate conditions. Such space-for-time substitutions rely on the assumptions that spatial climate-distribution relationships are causal and that relationships are equivalent over space and time. These assumptions have rarely been tested. Using UK populations of the Orange-tip butterfly (Anthocharis cardamines) as a case study, we demonstrate an approach to test whether these key assumptions are met. First, we identified the seasonal periods over which temperature and precipitation variables best explained the Orange-tip butterfly's abundance. Then, we compared the effects of climate variables on both occupancy and abundance over space versus time. We found that, over both space and time, temperature in the previous year's flight period has a positive effect on the occupancy (i.e. presence) and abundance of the Orange-tip butterfly, whereas precipitation appeared not to have a causal effect. We found that temporal effects of temperature on abundance did not differ from spatial effects at colder sites, but at warmer UK sites, the magnitude of these effects significantly differed. Conversely, spatial and temporal effects of temperature on occupancy did not differ at warmer (mid-range) sites, with effect magnitudes significantly differing at colder sites. Our results demonstrate the importance of identifying causal climate-distribution relationships before making projections. We also show that the reliability of SDM projections over time can be highly context dependent, even when considering a single species. Therefore, where data are available over space and time, the space versus time modelling approach presented here should be incorporated into the SDM statistical repertoire to improve the reliability of projections. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.</p
Alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists:A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the international literature
Get PDFBackground: Flourishing and belonging are key concepts for the wellbeing of staff and the success of a profession. Alienation and anomie are distinct types of psycho-social ills which inhibit flourishing and belonging. A better understanding of these may offer hope in preventing many negative work endpoints, including burnout and intention to leave. Objectives: To systematically review and narratively synthesise alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists across the globe, reviewing all types of methodological designs, published in peer-reviewed journals. Methods: We identified published peer-reviewed research through searching eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science – Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and extensive hand/citation searching. Two independent reviewers identified and critiqued eligible studies, extracted data, and synthesised the findings. The synthesis evaluated the focuses, causes, associated factors, and/or consequences of alienation and/or anomie and aligned these to six deductive themes from alienation theory: care; values; meaning; recognition; autonomy; and shared responsibility. Results: Searches identified 886 papers, with 47 included in the final results. From the synthesis, ten key causes of alienation and/or anomie were identified; 1) Changing Professional Identity, 2) Reimbursement Models & Corporatisation, 3) Focus on Medicines Rather than People, 4) Misunderstanding & Deprofessionalisation, 5) Environments & Culture, 6) Suboptimal Societal Mandate, 7) Roles Misaligned with Aspirations, 8) Systematic Underutilisation, 9) Lack of Professional Agency, and 10) Value Conflict. From the evidence, there was high confidence that inhibitions of care, values, recognition, and/or autonomy (four of the six deductive themes) were associated with alienation and/or anomie. Conclusion: Alienation and/or anomie are present across many countries and regions. This paper helps us understand the aetiology of this complex psycho-social syndrome, a necessary first step in creating an inclusive profession where all pharmacists can flourish. Future research needs to trial new 32 interventions targeted at correcting this professional malady
Reduced RG-II pectin dimerization disrupts differential growth by attenuating hormonal regulation
Get PDFDefects in cell wall integrity (CWI) profoundly affect plant growth, although, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We show that in Arabidopsis mur1 mutant, CWI defects from compromising dimerization of RG-II pectin, a key component of cell wall, attenuate the expression of auxin response factors ARF7-ARF19. As a result, polar auxin transport components are misexpressed, disrupting auxin response asymmetry, leading to defective apical hook development. Accordingly, mur1 hook defects are suppressed by enhancing ARF7 expression. In addition, expression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis genes is down-regulated in mur1 mutant, and supplementing brassinosteroid or enhancing brassinosteroid signaling suppresses mur1 hook defects. Intriguingly, brassinosteroid enhances RG-II dimerization, showing hormonal feedback to the cell wall. Our results thus reveal a previously unrecognized link between cell wall defects from reduced RG-II dimerization and growth regulation mediated via modulation of auxin-brassinosteroid pathways in early seedling development. </p
Rediscovering Guy Gilles, pioneer of queer
Get PDFThis article positions Guy Gilles (1938-1996), an overlooked filmmaker at the periphery of the French New Wave, as an important pioneer of queer cinema. Situating Gilles in the context of the French gay liberation movement and the militant gay cinema of the 1970s, it brings the director in dialogue with the French philosopher, writer and activist Guy Hocquenghem, whose advocacy of a polyvocal sexual desire resonates with Gilles’s interrogation of traditional sexual taxonomies. Gilles’s fluid vision of sexuality is analysed in two seminal films, Absences répétées/Repeated Absences (1972) and Le Crime d’amour/For Love (1981), which crystallise the director’s exploration of non-normative desires and queer aesthetic. Reclaiming Gilles’s place in the wider genealogy of French queer cinema, the article seeks to contribute to the long-overdue rediscovery of this highly original director, who remains largely unknown in Film and Visual Studies
Restorative justice, refugees and criminal harm in places of asylum
Get PDFPeople who have had to flee their homes and seek asylum are often vulnerable and experience harm and trauma. Restorative justice offers a way of addressing the criminal harm that people of a refugee background may experience in places of asylum, and yet there is very little literature or visible practice on this topic. This article presents an exploratory study to address this issue, reviewing existing literature and presenting an analysis of interviews with restorative justice practitioners, representatives from organisations supporting refugees and asylum seekers, and people of a refugee background. Findings suggest restorative justice is a potentially beneficial response to address harms experienced by people of a refugee background, as it can be responsive to trauma, facilitate understanding and connection, and address racism and antagonism. Barriers and challenges for restorative justice in this context include language, communication, interpretation, mistrust, insecure immigration status, the impact of trauma, and access to basic resources. Cultural difference ought to be taken into consideration, but was not considered to be a barrier to engagement in restorative justice. The potential for restorative justice to address the structural issues that impact on people of a refugee background requires further exploration
Skill execution errors:An ‘it depends’ perspective on their role, type and use when coaching for player development in sport
Get PDFDecades of motor learning research has challenged the role of errors; it seems that for the same reason some authors promote using errors, others demote them. In this discursive article, we propose that the role of errors in the sports coaching context is more complex than a binary error avoidance or promotion approach. Accordingly, we present a novel ‘it depends’ perspective, which suggests that when equipped with effective decision-making skills, coaches can use errors strategically, manipulating their frequency to align with an athlete's performance context (i.e., skill level, aspirations, competitive schedule) and achieve interdisciplinary learning outcomes (i.e., technical, physical, psychological). In doing so, the article discusses the psycho-motor, psycho-behavioural and psycho-social considerations for error implementation, presents alternative and emerging perspectives on error usage, and emphasises the importance of coaches’ decision-making skills for implementing a nuanced error-based approach. Such ideas have the potential to positively impact on the quality of applied coaching practice within the field of motor learning and player development, but more research is required to establish how this is, and could be, operationalised with practitioners in the field
Anglo-Dutch financial connections and contrasts in the late 18th Century:The Amsterdam phase of the 1772-3 credit crisis
Get PDFWe examine the Amsterdam phase of the 1772-3 financial crisis using the British experience in the same episode as comparative context. We conclude that, notwithstanding some direct exposures by Amsterdam institutions to the principals of the London crisis, the main linkage between the two outbreaks was the requirement for cash margin on loans backed by British East India Company shares. No significant contagion via the bills of exchange network spread from London to Amsterdam in the period separating the two outbreaks, but some feeding back of distress back to London is noticeable after the Dutch outbreak. The crisis was rooted in credit expansion, a deterioration in asset risk profiles, and speculation in West Indian mortgage securities and British equity markets. Speculators were enabled by information inefficiencies in the specialised and layered Amsterdam markets, and by the absence of a gatekeeper who could have regulated the provision of credit to them. To contain the outbreak, the Dutch drew on the cohesion of an informal club of insiders who led business and civic affairs. Though the credit markets resumed normal operations relatively quickly, the incurred losses were transformative for their long term prospects by devastating some of their most important firms
Racing with a purpose:Sustainability in Formula E
Get PDFThis study examined the seasonal sustainability reporting of Formula E for its content, variation, and linearity. Formula E was chosen since it was built as a sustainable sport enterprise rather than one which integrated sustainability into existing operations and for the accessibility of its annual sustainability reports. Using an exploratory approach for content and variation, and the Green Waves of sport sustainability for linearity, eight seasons of sustainability reports from Formula E were collected and examined via content analysis. Findings revealed the major content areas for Formula E concerned event management, car design, and community engagement with these initiatives classified as internal or external efforts. Reports were inconsistent in their structure, language, scope, and focus. The Green Waves suggest that while some efforts progress, others may regress according to strategy or the initiative’s life cycle. Formula E is progressing overall in their sustainability efforts, but exemplifies the lack of an end point to sustainability efforts. It is suggested that better coordination could yield higher strategic success and recognition
You can’t keep the woman in the wallpaper:The agency of the woman and the house from Homer to modern feminist literature
Get PDFThis article uses new-materialist approaches to explore the dynamic and two-way interaction between the woman and the house under patriarchal constraints. It draws on case studies from Homeric epic to the works of Ismail Kadare, Margaret Atwood, Virginia Woolf, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Sue Townsend and Daisy Johnson to show the cross-cultural and cross-temporal persistence of this nexus. It shows the ethical import of the New Materialisms in terms of inclusivity, shifting our focus to underrepresented agents and questioning hierarchical approaches to both materiality and the female. Women are not only objectified, but also negotiate their agency through objects. If women are confined to the domestic domain, their agency will interact with that of the house: whether in collaboration, or antithesis
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Edinburgh Research Explorer? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!