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Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia—The VasCog-2-WSO Criteria
Get PDFImportance Several sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). The International Society for Vascular Behavioural and Cognitive Disorders (VasCog) working group published comprehensive operationalized criteria in 2014. Considering subsequent advances in the field, a revision was needed.Objective To update the VasCog criteria to achieve consensus on diagnosis of VCID.Design, Setting, and Participants VasCog criteria and other published diagnostic guidelines, aided by literature review of recent developments in VCID, were used as reference points for an online Delphi survey (minimum 3 rounds, ≥75% threshold for agreement), including operationalization of criteria and guidance on potential biomarkers. Seventy international experts from diverse international regions were invited to participate in 2023.Results Three survey rounds included 49 to 54 participants that agreed on VasCog-2 diagnostic criteria for preclinical, mild, and major dementia levels of vascular cognitive impairment (under the overarching term VCID). Research guidelines, including the use of novel neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers, were also agreed on. The World Stroke Organization (WSO) endorsed the criteria, hence named VasCog-2-WSO.Conclusions and Relevance The VasCog-2-WSO criteria update the VasCog criteria for the diagnosis of VCID, providing operationalization and additional guidance on potential neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers. VasCog-2-WSO should provide an international standard for VCID diagnosis, facilitating diagnostic consistency among clinicians and researchers
Tunable Magnetoresistive Gas Sensing Enabled by La-Deficient LaFeO<sub>3</sub>
Get PDFResistive sensors are widely used to detect gases, but integrating magnetoresistive effects for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity remains largely unexplored. Here we have investigated several magnetic materials in a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor, showing that iron oxides can exhibit both positive and negative magnetoresponses at relatively low operating temperatures (120–160 °C), with no simple correlation between magnetoresponse and bulk magnetization, leading to the discovery of La0.8FeO3as an outstanding material for magnetoresistive gas sensing. Under a 0.9 T magnetic field, La0.8FeO3shows a 134% increase in response to 40 ppm of NO2in air. The paramagnetism of oxygen gas is found to provide a substantial magnetosensing contribution, as the use of nitrogen as the background gas diminishes the magnetoresponse of La0.8FeO3by a factor of 3. Our findings establish magnetic field modulation as a powerful strategy for tuning gas sensor performance, opening new directions in sensing technologies.</p
Understanding impact sensitivity of energetic molecules by supervised machine learning
No full textMachine learning models have been developed to rationalise correlations between molecular structure and sensitivity to initiation by mechanical impact for a data set of 485 energetic molecules. The models use readily obtainable features derived from SMILES strings to classify structures, first by a binary split to differentiate between primary and secondary energetic material behaviour, and by subsequent boundary divisions to create up to five impact sensitivity classes. The best accuracy score was 0.79, which was obtained for the binary classifier random forest model. Feature importance and SHAP analysis showed that the features most likely to categorise a molecule with a high impact sensitivity were a high oxygen balance and a high molecular flexibility. The outcome of this study gives easily interpretable information on how the structure of a molecule can be tailored to design energetic materials with desired impact sensitivity properties. Included model codes also allow users to predict the sensitivity classes of any additional molecular structures from a SMILES string
Temples and Town of Elephantine
Get PDFThe 53rd season October 2024 till March 2025 of the German‐Swiss research project in Elephantine included excavations in the Eastern Town and in a domestic quarter south of the Khnum Temple. Measures on heritage conservation and site management were continued with the consolidation and maintenance on central monuments of the archaeological site, and on measures to improve the visitor’s infrastructure and circulation. The reconstructions of the Ptolemaic Temple of Kalabsha and the Roman Temple of Osiris‐Nesmeti were photographically documented. Research on blocks of a Temple building dating to Psametik II was initiated. Study of objects focused on the analyses of Archaeobotanical material, on finds from the Middle Kingdom House 169 and the New Kingdom House H55. The study of Middle Kingdom and Late Period pottery was continued
Minimal Batch Adaptive Learning Policy Engine for Real-Time Mid-Price Forecasting in High-Frequency Trading
Get PDFHigh-frequency trading (HFT) has transformed modern financial markets, making reliable short-term price forecasting models essential. In this study, we present a novel approach to mid-price forecasting using Level 1 limit order book (LOB) data from NASDAQ, focusing on 100 U.S. stocks from the S&P 500 index during the period from September to November 2022. Expanding on our previous work with Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN), which leveraged automated feature importance techniques based on mean decrease impurity (MDI) and gradient descent (GD), we introduce the Adaptive Learning Policy Engine (ALPE) - a reinforcement learning (RL)-based agent designed for batch-free, immediate mid-price forecasting. ALPE incorporates adaptive epsilon decay to dynamically balance exploration and exploitation, outperforming a diverse range of highly effective machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in forecasting performance
Corporate power in a multistakeholder world:Venue hopping and the multilevel politics of ultra‐processed food
Get PDFThe regulation of business is increasingly characterized by “soft” governance regimes that blur the boundaries of public and private authority, as signaled by the rapid proliferation of multistakeholder initiatives in global governance. This article explores how the spread of multistakeholderism creates opportunities for new forms of strategic action, enabling actors to participate in multiple fora, successively or simultaneously in order to pursue a particular agenda. The article focuses on multistakeholder initiatives in UK food policy and corporate political strategy in the regulation of ultra-processed food. We adapt the concept of venue shopping, introducing the idea of venue hopping, which captures how actors advance agendas in multiple spaces and at multiple political levels. The analysis traces negotiations across two food policy partnerships, showing how industry actors operated in and between venues, playing one setting off against the other
Teaching research and evidence based medicine to medical students using a flipped classroom framework
Get PDFFlipped classroom is becoming increasingly common in higher education, yet a frequent criticism is that students often fail to engage with the assigned material before class. In a large methodology module for medical students, we examined when students engaged with the assigned material (pre-recorded videos), and whether watching the videos before class was associated with better academic achievement. We also examined the potential effect of conscientiousness. On average, 83% of students watched the assigned videos before the weekly practical class. We found that students who watched the pre-recorded videos earlier were more likely to provide correct answers to the multiple-choice exam questions. There was no effect of the time of watching videos on coursework assessment marks, and no effect of conscientiousness. In conclusion, students on our module followed the flipped classroom format diligently, and watching the pre-recorded videos earlier had a significant positive effect on their exam performance
Adhesive Forces in Droplet Kinetic Friction on Liquidlike Surfaces
Get PDFKinetic frictional forces resisting droplet motion often appear to be separate from surface wettability and adhesive forces. Here we show that such friction arises from a simple combination of the contact angle hysteresis and adhesive force. We show theoretically, and confirm using tilt angle experiments of droplets on liquidlike surfaces, the dependence of the coefficient of droplet-on-solid kinetic friction on system parameters. We also show that a molecular kinetic-type model can describe the observed nonlinear velocity-force relationship. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between droplet-on-solid friction, and wettability and liquid adhesion
Successful Management of a Refractory Orbital Pseudocyst in a Chinese Goose Using Intraorbital Gentamicin Injection
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: To report the successful management of recurrent orbital swelling in a Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides ) following evisceration surgery, utilizing intraorbital gentamicin injection after multiple unsuccessful interventions.ANIMAL STUDIED: A 3-year-old, 4.58 kg male Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides ).PROCEDURES: The goose was referred for evaluation of recurrent swelling of the right orbit following evisceration surgery performed after a severe corneal injury. Initial interventions included fluid drainage, revision surgeries with placement of Lyostypt and bone cement implants, sinus communication attempts, and placement of a Jackson-Pratt surgical drain. Diagnostic evaluation included physical examination, computed tomography (CT), cytology, histopathology, and bacterial culture. Despite these interventions, the orbital swelling recurred. Finally, an intraorbital injection of gentamicin (9 mg/kg) was administered following fluid drainage. Post-injection follow-up was conducted over 6 months.RESULTS: Following the intraorbital gentamicin injection, the recurrent swelling resolved without any adverse effects. The goose remained clinically normal at a six-month follow-up, with no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the challenges of managing recurrent orbital swelling in avian species following evisceration surgery and the potential utility of intraorbital gentamicin injections. Gentamicin's cytotoxic effects on secretory tissue may offer an effective treatment option for refractory cases. Further studies are warranted to explore the safety and efficacy of this approach in avian species.</p
Risk factors and clinical consequences of interval cancers arising within faecal immunochemical testing-based colorectal cancer screening programme
Get PDFBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes aim to detect early, asymptomatic cancers and improve survival. Thisstudy aimed to establish the proportion of interval cancers, and the consequences with regard to stage, clinical outcome, andoverall survival. Risk factors associated with interval CRCs were investigated.Methods: The Scottish Bowel Screening Programme uses faecal immunochemical testing at a threshold of 80 μg haemoglobin per g as apositive trigger for investigation. Screening was offered to all eligible individuals in one region, from November 2017 to October 2021.Cancer registries were cross-checked to ensure complete capture of all cancers including interval CRCs. The primary outcome was rateof interval CRCs among participants with follow-up of 24 months, and its relationship to faecal immunochemical testing results, clinicalvariables, stage, time to diagnosis, and survival. The secondary outcome was identification of risk factors associated with interval CRCs.Results: The Scottish Bowel Screening Programme generated 316 583 tests during the study period. Participation was 71.0% of the eligiblepopulation (212 664 patients); it was greater among women (71.9 versus 70.0%; P < 0.001) and in higher socioeconomic areas (76.9 versus58.6%; P < 0.001). In the screened population, 546 CRCs were diagnosed within 2 years of screening. Some 289 of these patients (52.9%)had positive bowel screening. There were 257 patients with interval CRCs, who waited a median of 13 (interquartile range 7–20) monthsfor diagnosis. Of CRCs diagnosed, 24.9% had screening faecal immunochemical test results of < 10 μg haemoglobin per g. The intervalCRC rate was greater in women, older patients, and among the least socioeconomically deprived. Interval CRCs were associated withworse 2-year all-cause mortality than screen-detected CRCs (23.0 versus 10.8%; P < 0.001). Importantly, 121 of the 257 interval CRCs(47.1%) had detectable faecal immunochemical test results at 10–79 μg haemoglobin per g.Conclusion: Patients with interval CRCs and a detectable faecal immunochemical test result below the predetermined threshold appear tobe significantly disadvantaged with respect to stage at presentation and survival. Almost half of interval CRCs diagnosed within 2 years haddetectable haemoglobin on screening faecal immunochemical test and would be a target for lower positivity thresholds
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