179566 research outputs found
Sort by
Disrupting Understandings of Disruptive Behaviour
No full textThis DataShare item relates to a qualitative study funded by the Spencer Foundation, titled ‘Disrupting Understandings of Disruptive Behaviour’. The study sought to investigate the school experiences of pupils who had been receiving support at school before COVID-19 to help them manage their behaviour in school. The aim was to investigate whether, as the literature below would predict, some aspects of education under lockdown were experienced positively by pupils with a history of disruptive behaviour (PHDB), and to work with families and schools in Scotland to identify ways in which these positive aspects may be replicated in the post COVID classroom
A pedagogical research on use of an online learning platform by final year medical students on under five pneumonia
No full textAn online portal was developed for final year medical students from five medical universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan on case management of under-five pneumonia. This was a 6 month intervention which had a pre and post intervention survey.Zeeshan, Nomana; Kiani, Hira. (2022). A pedagogical research on use of an online learning platform by final year medical students on under five pneumonia, 2019-2020 [dataset]. The University of Edinburgh. Usher Institute. NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE); Neoventive Solutions, Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/3433
The Co-Benefits of Reaching Net-Zero in the UK
No full textClimate actions are designed to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but the gains for society reach further. For example, electric cars reduce air pollution, retrofitting homes minimises cold, damp and mould growth, and our health outcomes in turn improve. The CO-BENS project models 11 additional benefits for the climate actions recommended by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) in its Seventh Carbon Budget (2025) to assist the United Kingdom with meeting its net zero target. For 46,000 communities and regions across the UK, calculations consider localised context to determine actions that can be implemented in addition to how, when and for whom benefits will emerge (or in some cases costs). This data serves to further understand connections between a wide range of social, economic and environmental priorities and drive more effective decision-making
Stochastic profit maximization and pricing in hub location problems with elastic demand:Mathematical formulations and exact algorithms
No full textThis paper addresses profit maximization and pricing in capacitated and uncapacitated single allocation hub location problems taking into account the uncertain and price-elastic demand. We formulate the problem as a two-stage stochastic program in which a finite set of discrete price values are used to derive the demand. The models aim to determine simultaneously the location of hubs, the allocation of nodes to the hubs, the pricing decisions and the routing of demand within the network in order to maximize profit. The mathematical formulations for small uncapacitated and capacitated problems can be solved to optimality by commercial solvers. To solve large instances, we develop a Benders decomposition algorithm and an enhanced Lagrangian relaxation technique. We conduct extensive computational experiments using two well-known hub location datasets and present numerical results and analysis along with managerial insights
Transcriptome profiles for defining avian primordial germ cell development
Get PDFAvian biology has contributed to many research areas, such as sustainable protein production, endocrinology, developmental biology, neurosciences, and immunology. Primordial germ cells, lineage-restricted stem cells, are key for the conservation of genetic diversity of bird species, as well as for studying germ cell development and producing genetic models to study avian biology. Here, we review the current knowledge of developmental and fate decision processes in avian primordial germ cells focusing on insights revealed by gene expression profiling. We summarized the characteristics and fundamental pathways required for chicken primordial cell growth. In addition, we discuss the common and disparate features of PGCs from chicken compared to other avian species. These insights are valuable for researchers in germ cell biology, reproductive biotechnology, and avian genetic conservation and indicate a need for the analysis of further bird species.</p
Human DNA recovery in the context of wildlife crime: Comparison of trace DNA collection methods from wildlife specimens
Get PDFForensic DNA analysis, used for the purposes of species, sex, individual, and, geographic determination of wildlife is one of the most applied forensic techniques in, wildlife crime investigations. However, in most other criminal investigations forensic, DNA analysis refers to human DNA profiling for the purposes of identifying victims, and/or perpetrators. The ability to recover human DNA profiles from the surfaces of, wildlife specimens, such as ivory or fur, opens up opportunities for identification of, individuals involved in wildlife crimes in the absence of other evidence types. This, study aimed to compare the effectiveness of four different human touch DNA recovery, methods, cotton swabs, flocked swabs, foam swabs, and minitapes, from the surfaces, of a range of wildlife derivatives. Groups of four participants handled ivory, elephant, skin, snake skin, conch shell, antler, and antelope fur. DNA was subsequently, collected extracted, quantified, and profiled. Foam swabs, a non-traditional method of, touch DNA recovery, recovered the highest average DNA concentrations and number, of alleles across all specimen types acting as an effective cross-substrate recovery, method. Flocked swabs performed as the second-best recovery method for all, specimens except when sampling from antelope fur. Minitapes and cotton swabs, showed comparatively poor performance during this study despite being the two most,common DNA recovery techniques currently employed by law enforcement. Ivory, yielded the highest average human DNA concentrations but paradoxically produced a, significantly lower number of donor alleles. Our results indicate fresh touch DNA, deposits are recoverable from multiple wildlife specimens and recommend that, attempted recovery of touch DNA should be a routine consideration by forensic, practitioners during wildlife crime investigations.</p
A Tamed Euler Scheme for SDEs with Non-Locally Integrable Drift Coefficient
Get PDFIn this article we show that for SDEs with a drift coefficient that is non-locally integrable, one may define a tamed Euler scheme that converges in L p at rate 1/2 to the true solution. The taming is required in this case since one cannot expect the regular Euler scheme to have finite moments in L p. Our proof strategy involves controlling the inverse moments of the distance of scheme and the true solution to the singularity set. We additionally show that our setting applies to the case of two scalar valued particles with singular interaction kernel. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work to prove strong convergence of an Euler-type scheme in the case of non-locally integrable drift.</p
Ultrafast crosslinking, strongly adhesive de novo protein hydrogels promote cartilage regeneration
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease and the leading cause of chronic pain and disability, affecting millions of people worldwide. In the early stages, shallow cartilage lesions serve as the primary pathological driver, leading to progressive cartilage deterioration and the development of OA. These lesions are characterized by irregular shape and depth, with an inherent anti-adhesive extracellular matrix (ECM), and a poor niche for tissue regeneration, currently lacking effective clinical interventions. Despite extensive efforts, few tissue engineering-based therapies simultaneously address both the demands of robust adhesion to host tissue, support for cell adhesion, and promotion of regeneration for partial-thickness cartilage defects. Here, we report a de novo engineered protein adhesive hydrogel that displays ultrafast gelation, robust tissue adhesion, and maintains chondrocyte phenotype. Tyrosine, lysine, and RGD motifs were precisely encoded into the protein backbone by genetic engineering to enable visible light-triggered covalent bonding, electrostatic interactions with negatively charged cartilage ECM, and enhanced cell adhesion. Molecular weight was tailored by extending monomer repeats to further improve the mechanical performance. Importantly, this genetically engineered protein hydrogel demonstrated ultrafast gelation (< 2 s), high adhesive strength (90.8 ± 1.8 kPa), excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and supported chondrogenic maintenance. These hydrogels also promoted hyaline-like cartilage matrix regeneration in the partial-thickness cartilage defect rabbit model. Overall, our findings present a bottom-up protein engineering strategy for developing multifunctional adhesive hydrogels, offering a promising translational platform for musculoskeletal disease treatment, in particular cartilage repair
Temporal changes to intestinal microbiome induced by stroke
No full textThese data contain 16s rRNS sequencing data from faecal material taken from naive animals and animals recovered 5 days, 2 weeks and 3 months after sham or stroke surgery. There are two independent experiments included with the acronyms SCM and RSM. Abstract Stroke survivors experience a plethora of complications during recovery, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Intestinal dysfunction is reported to occur rapidly following stroke in both humans and animal models and alterations such as reduced barrier integrity, lymphocyte loss, and an altered microbiota have been suggested to contribute to poor neurological outcomes. Despite the persistence of gastrointestinal symptoms in many stroke survivors, how the intestinal environment changes over the course of stroke recovery remains poorly understood. Here, we use an experimental model of ischemic stroke to profile the gastrointestinal tract over a three month period of recovery.We have shown that experimental stroke leads to structural alterations to the colon, impaired transit times and an altered bacterial community composition. No impairments to barrier function were detected at any time point and transit times recover within 2 weeks post stroke. In contrast, structural and bacterial community alterations remain up to 3 months post stroke and are accompanied by abnormalities that develop only during chronic recovery, such as altered antibody coating of bacteria. These results suggest that the gastrointestinal system is dynamically altered over the course of experimental stroke recovery and that certain defects persist chronically after stroke
Financial information sources and their impact on the financial self-confidence gap between male and female young adult consumers
No full textFemale consumers are less financially self-confident than their male counterparts. Prior research points to this difference as one reason why female consumers experience lower financial welfare and agency over their lifetime. Consumers learn financial decision-making from others via socialization and financial education. This research tests whether the confidence of a young adult consumer’s source of financial information impacts the young adult consumer’s own financial self-confidence. Data from a randomized controlled field study (involving teachers as the financial information source and high school students as young adult consumers), supports a positive impact of financial information source self-confidence. It also reveals a greater effect on female young adult consumers, positioning improvements in financial information source self-confidence as a gender-sensitive approach to reducing the financial confidence gap between young adult males and females
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Edinburgh Research Explorer? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!