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Guiding principles and codes of practice:Do teachers of deaf children and young people need them?
Get PDFThis article analyses the history of the profession of teachers of deaf children (ToD) in the United Kingdom, particularly in relation to the interaction they have with the health service. The views of ToDs were explored in relation to professionalism, their identity as a professional and how they deal with ethical dilemmas. Participants were self-selected to join the study and were generally more highly qualified than most UK ToDs. Seventeen ToDs were interviewed, four of whom were deaf. Transcripts were analysed using a reflexive approach and themes constructed based on Braun and Clark (2019) using theories of social justice from Fraser (2008), Crenshaw (Cho, Crenshaw and McCall, 2013) and Lynch et al. (2021). The findings showed that teachers had many professional and ethical issues in their work, particularly in working with health professionals and families. Most were in favour of further professional discussion about a code of practice but only half were in favour of inspection of the work of early years. There was support for more openness and accountability at a local authority level with peers and heads of services. Results are discussed in relation to a social justice framework. Teachers in the UK have varying knowledge of social justice issues in their initial teacher education. The mandatory ToD qualification and continuing professional development could focus more on this area as ToDs work in parental homes, well beyond the usual boundaries of schoolteachers.</p
Deep-water limit of the intermediate long wave equation in L<sup>2</sup>
No full textWe study the well-posedness issue of the intermediate long wave equation (ILW) on both the real line and the circle. By applying the gauge transform for the Benjamin-Ono equation (BO) and adapting the L2 well-posedness argument for BO by Molinet and the fourth author (2012), we prove global well-posedness of ILW in L2 on both the real line and the circle. In the periodic setting, this provides the first low regularity well-posedness of ILW. We then establish convergence of the ILW dynamics to the BO dynamics in the deep-water limit at the L2-level.<br/
In Search of Integration and Health - Reflexivity and Communities of Practice in One Health
Get PDFThis chapter explores the role of personal and professional reflexivity in integrative practice for One Health. In doing so, it recognizes the need to transcend Western modernist thinking in which art, ethics and science have been torn asunder. Modernist thinking is characterized by the arbitrary separation of truth, beauty and goodness and the growth of commercial and civic institutions powered by instrumental rationality, an exploitative relationship to nature and life and the accompanying bureaucracy that sustains a blind belief in progress. This chapter proposes that modernist thinking may well be the root cause of the crises we face today and argues that to address this we need a reflexive turn that recognizes how mind and body, consciousness and matter are co-dependent. This turn is needed both at the individual and collective level if we are to address the knowledge–doing gaps that characterize the global crises of our modern era. In order to fulfil the aim of nurturing an integrative approach to health, this chapter adopts an experiential approach rooted in practice. The reader is encouraged to engage in a series of reflexive intermissions and practice throughout and to reflect on these experiences. The chapter starts by emphasizing the primordial importance of attentional practice and the role of attitudes including curiosity and compassion in shaping not just our epistemologies but our ontological realities. The chapter explores how reflective practice has arisen and developed across disciplines and how it informs learning at the level of the individual, the collective (including organizations) and the wider system. Its relevance to One Health is considered before exploring a range of practices designed to nurture reflexivity, develop self-awareness, address biases and promote more equitable co-creative practice. Finally, this chapter concludes by considering the future prospects of One Health if our inter- and intra-connections, dependencies and potentialities are explored, nurtured and realized.`</p
National identities among minority and 'majority' ethnic groups:Evidence from the 2021 census in England and Wales
Get PDFThis paper employs data from the 2021 UK census to initially explore sub-state (English, Welsh) national identities among minority ethnic groups. This shows that these identities remain much more exclusive of people in minority groups than is a British identity, and that this exclusion is particularly marked with respect to English identity. The analysis then builds on this observation using similar data to examine English identification among the White British ‘majority’ in a ‘superdiverse’ city – London. Attributes which are typically shared by London boroughs in which identification as English deviates most from the national average, and multi-variable analysis which considers the ethnic structure of the borough in which an individual lives alongside other key factors (age, education, social class) suggest differences in identification between people living in boroughs that are characterised by more established and extensive ethnic diversity and those in boroughs transitioning from a previously more homogeneous (white) ethnic structure. In exploring how the articulation of a specific national identity might relate to ethnically-diverse or ‘superdiverse’ contexts, the paper uniquely contributes to recent research which calls for a stronger focus on how people who do not belong to migrant-minority groups might respond to living in such contexts
Foreign allegiance and constitutional citizenship:Postcolonial (dis)continuities in the Commonwealth Caribbean
Get PDFThe independent states of the Commonwealth Caribbean—all of them former British colonies—share a common constitutional provision, according to which individuals are disqualified from standing for election if they are under a voluntary acknowledgment of allegiance to a foreign state. In this article, I argue that judicial interpretations of this ‘foreign allegiance disqualification’ have been decisively shaped by inherited ideas drawn from the English medieval and British imperial laws of subjecthood. The first of these ideas is the assumption that holding citizenship of a state necessarily gives rise to allegiance to that state. The second is the notion that citizenship and allegiance are singular and uniform across the former territory of the British Empire, now the Commonwealth of Nations. The third is the conception of the relationship between the citizen and the state as hierarchical and quasi-contractual, wherein the citizen’s allegiance is extracted in return for the protection of the state. The region’s post-independence constitutional citizenship jurisprudence thus remains more ‘Commonwealth’ than distinctively ‘Caribbean’ in character, with the consequence that the boundaries of democratic membership continue to be defined by reference to a conceptual framework of the former coloniser’s making
The voice of the UPIC:technology as utterance
Get PDFRecent work in Sound Studies figures the logos of electroacoustic music as a set of sounds and sound-types that reveal themselves as if a sort of stethoscope were applied to the aether, as well as to the industrial and organic sounds around us. Thus, electroacoustic music is connected to the imaginaries of science fiction, space travel, and Jules Verne-like explorations of the universe, and of planet earth and its life and industries. In the UPIC, a computer music instrument of legendary intransigence, Iannis Xenakis conceived of an electronic music with a totally different ethos: ancient not modern, divining not palpating, physical not imaginary. The works conceived on the UPIC, from Mycène Alpha to Voyage Absolu des Unari vers Andromède have a visceral energy and epic power that come from its unique, hand-made sound production methods. In this paper, I reimagine the UPIC as the re-intonation of ancient voices, with a logos which, in the words of Barbara Johnson, “break(s) through preconceived notions of meaning in order to encounter unexpected otherness”. I explore from a philological perspective the sonic material of the UPIC, and relate it to the ‘writing’ of the traces that constitute the instrument’s compositional interface. These twin notions of writing and intonation set the sounds of the UPIC apart from the mainstream of electroacoustic texts, and propose an aesthetic of direct address: the voice of the UPIC
A Drive to Survive:The Free Energy Principle and the Meaning of Life
Get PDFHow the purposive behavior of living systems outstrips the constraints of the free energy principle. Since 2005, Karl Friston's proposal that the principle of free energy minimization underpins the purposive behavior of living agents has evolved through thousands of publications. This principle's central move is to formalize the drive for self-preservation in terms of a single probabilistic imperative: to survive, a living system must consistently exhibit the same “most likely” pattern of activity over time. Despite the simplicity of this central claim, the free energy principle's complexity and rate of development have previously made it difficult to identify and evaluate. In A Drive to Survive, Kathryn Nave offers an extended critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of Friston's proposal.Nave shows that the free energy principle's capacity to account for the biological origins of purposiveness is undermined by its applicability to any stable inanimate system. As this triviality has become apparent, so advocates have begun to reframe the free energy principle as a means to eliminate, rather than explain, the notion of distinctively biological purposiveness. This, Nave proposes, gets things the wrong way around. The triviality of free energy minimization does not prove that there is no difference in kind between living agents and ordinary machines, but rather it reflects that the framework cannot capture the intrinsic instability and unpredictability that distinguish the former
Andrew Holleran, HIV/AIDS, and Queer narrative form
Get PDFThis article argues that gay American fiction writer Andrew Holleran’s short story “Friends at Evening” measures narrative’s capacity to represent the HIV/AIDS epidemic before the advent of prophylactics and therapeutics. Anticipating later critical debates in queer narratology and responding to one of Holleran’s earlier essays on writerly feelings of futility, the story incorporates and emphasizes lists and lines of poetry in order to forestall lethal climaxes and conclusions. This aesthetic hybridity creatively connects the catastrophe of an epidemic to a crisis in genre
The learning bias for cross-category harmony is sensitive to semantic similarity:Evidence from artificial language learning experiments
Get PDFCross-category harmony is one of the most well-known typological universals. It describes a trend of consistent alignment of different syntactic categories across phrases within a language. Explanations for this universal vary as to whether cognitive factors play a role or the tendency is instead due to mechanisms of language change alone. In this article we report a series of artificial language learning experiments that aim to test a hypothesized link between cognition and cross-category harmony. As with the typological tendency itself, we find mixed evidence for harmony across different types of phrases. Specifically, learners are biased in favor of consistent alignment of the verb in the verb phrase and the adposition in the adpositional phrase. However, the bias for consistent alignment of the verb in the verb phrase and the adjective in the noun phrase depends on the semantic similarity between adjectives and verbs. When adjectives are active and therefore more verb-like (e.g. broken), we find harmony; when they are stative and therefore less verb-like (e.g. blue), we do not. These results suggest that the bias for cross-category harmony is not purely based on the syntactic notions of head and dependent, but reflects the interaction between a general cognitive bias favoring consistent order and cross-category similarity
Large-scale epidemiological modelling:Scanning for mosquito-borne diseases spatio-temporal patterns in Brazil
Get PDFThe influence of climate on mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya is well established, but comprehensively tracking long-term spatial and temporal trends across large areas has been hindered by fragmented data and limited analysis tools. This study presents an unprecedented analysis, in terms of breadth, estimating the susceptible-infectious-recovered transmission parameters from incidence data in all 5570 municipalities in Brazil over 14 years (2010–2023) for both dengue and chikungunya. We describe the Episcanner computational pipeline, developed to estimate these parameters, producing a reusable dataset characterizing all dengue and chikungunya epidemics that have taken place in this period in Brazil. The analysis reveals new insights into the climate-epidemic nexus: we identify distinct geographical and temporal patterns of arbovirus disease incidence across Brazil, highlighting how climatic factors like temperature and precipitation influence the timing and intensity of dengue and chikungunya epidemics. The innovative Episcanner tool empowers researchers and public health officials to explore these patterns in detail, facilitating targeted interventions and risk assessments. This research offers the possibility of exploring the main characteristics of dengue and chikungunya epidemics and their geographical specificities linked to the effects of global temperature fluctuations such as those captured by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation index
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