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Structural covariance network topology in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis:the ENIGMA-CHR Study
Get PDFBrain network architecture is anticipated to influence future grey matter loss in individuals at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis. However, existing studies on grey matter structural network properties in CHR are scarce and constrained by small sample sizes. Here, we examined network topology differences comparing a) CHR versus healthy controls (HC); b) CHR who transitioned to psychosis (CHR-T) versus those who did not (CHR-NT); and c) different subsyndromes. We included structural scans from 1842 CHR individuals and 1417 HC individuals from 31 sites within the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. At the global level, CHR individuals exhibited lower structural covariance (q < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.164) and less optimal structural network configuration than HC (lower global efficiency and clustering coefficient, d = 0.100,0.087, qs <= 0.027). Though no global difference between CHR-T and CHR-NT, network distinctiveness of the frontal and temporal surface area networks was higher in CHR-T than CHR-NT (d = 0.223,0.237) and HC (d = 0.208,0.219) (qs < 0.001). Network distinctiveness of the frontal cortical thickness network was lower in CHR-T (d = 0.218, q < 0.001) than CHR-NT and HC (d = 0.165, q < 0.001). Importantly, higher network distinctiveness was associated with worse positive symptoms in CHR-NT (frontal surface area, q = 0.008, R 2 = 0.013) and at trend with worse negative symptoms in CHR-T (frontal thickness, q = 0.063, R 2 = 0.049). Further, the brief intermittent psychotic syndrome subgroup showed more severe network alterations. Together, brain structural networks inform symptoms and the risk of transition to psychosis in CHR individuals. </p
Participant perceptions of performance in adventure sport
Get PDFRecent papers have demonstrated a growing interest in adventure sports coaching. However, little work has been done to understand the nuances that surround the nature of performance in this domain. Understanding how ‘performance’ is perceived in this domain is essential for the coach. Using thematically analysed semi-structured interviews with 12 adventure sports participants, this research examines how those participants describe performance in adventure sports. The findings support the notion that preparation, socialisation, environment, and challenge are aspects of adventure sports performance. Additionally, these findings identify independence as an aspect of that performance. Independence includes the ability to learn from experience, to develop confidence and decision-making skills. These findings have implications for coach development in adventure sports, specifically the nature of coaching, its assumed outcomes, and the content and focus of such as programmes
Commercial Determinants of Health: an agenda for global health geography
Get PDFThe global rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presents an international public health policy challenge. Critical agents in this global trend are the activities and growth strategies of large transnational companies (TNCs) producing, selling and marketing unhealthy commodities including tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food. However, little geographical scholarship has considered the corporate activities of TNCs and the implications for global health. We utilise the ‘Commercial Determinants of Health’ framework to develop a cross-disciplinary agenda for geographical scholarship to deepen our understanding of how TNCs are drivers of global health geographies and implicated in the rise of NCDs and health inequalities
The design and development of a home-based rehabilitation programme for those recovering after an episode of delirium
No full textBACKGROUND: Delirium, closely linked to increasing age and frailty, is a growing concern in the aging population, yet there is little understanding about how to support recovery for individuals and their carers. This paper details the design and development of RecoverED, a home-based rehabilitation intervention for delirium recovery.METHODS: A realist-informed approach was used to develop a programme theory and logic model for RecoverED. A rapid realist review had identified strategies for delirium recovery, followed by interviews with stakeholders (older adults, carers, and professionals), and an expert panel discussion. The intervention was then developed based on the refined programme theory of what had worked to improve recovery from delirium, for whom, and in what context.RESULTS: The RecoverED intervention, described using the TIDieR checklist, was a complex, multicomponent, 12 week home-based programme delivered by a multidisciplinary team in up to 10 sessions. The intervention comprised cognitive, physical, and psychosocial components. An intervention manual and training programme had been developed to support delivery teams.CONCLUSION: The RecoverED intervention was being evaluated in a multi-centre feasibility trial with a qualitative process evaluation. This paper describes theory-based rehabilitation interventions for long-term delirium recovery. Further research through a randomised controlled trial is needed to assess its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness before broader implementation.SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-025-13614-8.</p
'Lig dasyn ren geid, dyn geid nyssmoo':A Manx sermon against theft from 1752
No full textDieser Artikel beinhaltet eine Ausgabe einer manx-gälischen Manuskriptpredigt aus dem Jahr 1752, die im Nachlass von Sir John Rhŷs in der Nationalbibliothek von Wales verwahrt wird. Dieser vom Pfarrer Thomas Allen (1710–1754) verfasste Text enthält wohl das aus grammatikalischer, idiomatischer und orthographischer Sicht „schlechteste“ Manx des gesamten bisher untersuchten Predigtkorpus. Allerdings bieten die Eigenheiten des Textes umso mehr Raum für die Diskussion der (sozio)linguistischen Bedeutung von Merkmalen wie der besonders freien Verwendung von Lehnwörtern und dem häufigen Auftreten von quoi „wer“ (schottisch-gälisch cò e) als Relativpronomen, das in anderen Texten viel sporadischer vorkommt. Der Text ist eine gekürzte Übersetzung der gedruckten Predigt A Disswasive from Stealing (London, 1745) des englischen Geistlichen Stephen Whites, was eine Beurteilung der Fähigkeiten bzw. Schwächen des Manx-Predigers als Übersetzer sowie Fragen der Zielgruppengestaltung und rezeption ermöglicht
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and risk of dementia:the 25-year longitudinal Whitehall II study
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study hypothesizes that subclinical myocardial injury during midlife, indexed by increases in cardiac troponin I, is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, smaller structural brain volume, and higher risk of dementia.METHODS: Overall, 5985 participants in the Whitehall II study, aged 45-69 who had cardiac troponin I measured by a high-sensitivity assay at baseline (1997-99), were followed until March 2023. The outcome measure was incident dementia; cognitive testing was performed at six waves; and neuroimaging metrics were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans in 2012-16. Cox model and linear mixed model were used to examine the association of cardiac troponin with incident dementia and cognitive trajectory. A nested case-control sample of 3475 participants (695 dementia cases and 2780 matched controls) was used for backward trajectory analysis for cardiac troponin, measured at three waves (1997-99, 2007-09, 2012-13).RESULTS: A total of 606 (10.1%) cases of dementia were recorded over a median follow-up of 24.8 years. Doubling of cardiac troponin was associated with 10% (95% confidence interval 3%-17%) higher risk of dementia. Participants with increased cardiac troponin at baseline had a faster decline of cognitive function. Participants with dementia had increased cardiac troponin concentrations compared with those without dementia between 7 and 25 years before diagnosis. Compared with those with cardiac troponin levels < 2.5 ng/L at baseline, those with concentrations > 5.2 ng/L had lower grey matter volume and higher hippocampal atrophy 15 years later, equivalent to ageing effects of 2.7 and 3 years, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical myocardial injury at midlife was associated with higher dementia risk in later life.</p
What reproductive justice brings to and requires of the Feminist Economics Project
No full textDespite evidence of a growing interest in reproductive justice (RJ) among feminist economists, this interest is nascent. To avoid RJ becoming a buzzword and losing its political and critical edge, it is important to fully grasp what the RJ framework means and brings to research. This Dialogue aims to create a space where the possibility of an interdisciplinary, transnational exchange of knowledge and ideas could be explored and encouraged. It presents four views about what it means to adopt and commit to the RJ framework in feminist research. One of the contributors was trained as an economist and the remaining contributors trained in other disciplines. The contributions discuss directly or show by example how research guided by the RJ framework can contribute to the development of an ethical and effective transformative response to an increasingly oppressive policy trajectory in the current historical moment
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