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Local Climate Change in Trujillo City Peru
Full text linkResults of climatic changes occurred in the city of Trujillo, Peru, attributed to the influence of the coastal irrigation Project, which transformed the desert ecosystem through a carpet of crops. We observed strong increases environmental temperature, humidity and evapotranspiration, changes that mean to leave the denomination Project Chavimochic the city of "Eternal Spring" to Trujillo.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2019.00007.
Environmental injustice and its manifestations in Africa and its relation to race, class, marginalization and Poverty
Full text linkEnvironmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, colour, ethnicity, or income in relation to development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies. That is, all groups of people, including racial, ethnicity, religious or socioeconomic groups should bear a proportional share of both positive environmental benefits and the negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, municipal, and commercial operations or the execution of federal, state, local, and tribal programs and policies. Despite this, environmental injustice is manifested in different parts of Africa in many ways like transnational toxic wastes dumping, natural resource exploitation and the like. This paper tries to explore the manifestations of environmental injustice in different parts of Africa and its relation to marginalization and poverty.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2019.00003.7
 
The treaties of free trade (FTA) and exports of aggro-industrial products in Peru
Full text linkThe research has been developed in order to provide significant contributions to the Free Trade Agreements (FTA) and exports of agro-industrial products, for which the methodology of scientific research was used, an instrument that served to develop important aspects of the work. The study carried out the compilation of information about different perspectives regarding the development of the variables: Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and exports; As for the field study, the technique of the survey, with its instrument the questionnaire was made up of 14 questions that were answered by the managers of the exporting companies of agro-industrial products, wH0 gave their different points of view. The FTA currently benefits different sectors that analyzed by statistical graphs and interpretations; they allow then, that the hypotheses raised and contrasted arrive at the conclusions and recommendations of the work. Finally, the research concludes with the contributions, which were fully achieved, facilitating the recommendations, which are considered viable and practicable; In addition, the extensive bibliography is added, as well as the corresponding annexe.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2019.00006.
Integrating culture in various initiatives for achieving sustainable development goals
Full text linkCulture is not only the treasure of knowledge, values and meanings that affect everyone’s life but also describes the way humans live and interact with each. Cultural rights, diversity and creativity are core components of human and sustainable development. Placing Culture at the heart of sustainable development will ultimately develop a relationship between culture and sustainable development in two ways: firstly it will involve the development of the cultural sector (i.e. heritage, creativity, cultural industries, crafts, cultural tourism); and secondly, it will ensure that culture has its rightful place in all public policies, mostly those related to education, the economy, science, social inclusion and international collaboration. So there is a need for integrating culture in the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Although none of the 17 SDGs emphases exclusively on culture but its various targets has clear references to cultural aspects like • Target 4.7 ensures that all learners attain the knowledge needed to promote sustainable development through education • Target 8.3 addresses the promotion of development-oriented policies that support creativity and innovation. • Targets 8.9 and 12.b refer to the need to plan and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism, including through local culture • Target 11.4 highlights the need to strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.
This paper is based on secondary sources like government websites, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) reports, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions, journals (national and international accessed online), books, articles etc. and aims to compile such efforts of the UNESCO and Government of India for integrating culture in various initiatives for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Some of such initiatives included in the paper are UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) Scheme, Government of India’s Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan’s component of culture education, HRIDAY Scheme, Swadesh Darshan Scheme and PRASAD Scheme.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2020.00006.
The Development and Practice of Citizenship and Citizenship Rights in Ethiopia: Crude Assessment in Three Consecutive Regimes
Full text linkInstilling democracy on an unshakable ground in a given society is the main goals of political leaders and political philosophers. This process on its base needs an educated citizen that clearly understands and develops an inherent character about one’s own rights and responsibilities. At its core, ‘Citizenship’ is the legal status of citizens which advocate and empower citizenship rights in the political system. At minimum, there will be the right to be domiciled in and take part in the political decision-making process of the state, usually through voting. Forming an inclusive and responsible citizen is also one of the basic and critical point throughout the history of state formation of Ethiopia. Especially, in multicultural society like Ethiopia, social, cultural, economic and political exclusion will be the basic problem that the country faces. Maybe it will be possible to reduce these social problems through the introduction of different legal statements and rules. However, the legal inclusion can never be a guarantee for developing and ensuring social and cultural inclusion of individuals in a given political community. Rather, educating and creating awareness about citizenship and citizenship rights can possibly mitigate such problems from the grassroot level. Bearing this in mind, the paper attempt to made general assessment and explication about the development and practice of citizenship and citizenship rights in Ethiopia. In doing so, different literature, legal documents, governmental reports and records were used as sources of data. Accordingly, this paper made an assessment, though not made a conclusion, about practice and development and practice of citizenship in to four basic periods namely, pre-Emperor Haile Selassie, Haile Selassie, Derg and the EPRDF.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00017.
Crises of integration in Africa: Nigeria Federal experience
Full text linkThe paper used secondary data in which newspapers, Journal articles, textbooks, documents, etc. are reviewed and analyzed in identifying the factors responsible for the crises of integration in the Nigeria federal system. These are with the intention of providing information on the crises of integration in Nigeria.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00016.
The metaphysics of the Time-Machine
Full text linkThe concept of time-travel is a modern idea which combines the imaginary signification of rational domination, the imaginary signification of technological omnipotence, the imaginary concept of eternity and the imaginary desire for immortality.
It is a synthesis of central conceptual schemata of techno-science, such as the linearity and homogeneity of time, the radical separation of subjectivity from the world, the radical separation of the individual from his/her social-historical environment. The emergence of this idea, its spread during the 20th century as a major theme of science fiction literature alongside its dissemination as a scientific hypothesis, its popularity with both the public and the scientific community, are indications of the religious role of techno-science.
It is my opinion, finally, that, as a chimera, time-travel is non-feasible and impossible.
In order to support my claims, I will briefly outline the origins of the time-travel concept and its epistemological and metaphysical/ontological conditions. If these conditions prove to be absurd, the logical impossibility of time-travel will have been demonstrated.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00014.
The Virtue of Violent Force and Retaliation: Analysis on self Defense
Full text linkCommonly, employing violent force and retaliation are conceived as irrational and uncivilized ways of human existence. Thus, they are considered morally wrong acts. But, under certain conditions, employing violent force and retaliation can be morally justifiable. In this Article, I tried to illustrate the moral justifiability of employing violence for the purpose of self-defence, freedom, equality, the balance of justice, and maximizing the benefits of the majority in number. By combining both moral and political theories, I attempted to analyze the moral acceptability of violent force and retaliation at the individual and community level; and in the arena of national and international politics. Even though many research works have been done in this area, no one tried to provide a comprehensive analysis of the moral justifiability of violence and retaliation. To fill this gap, I used liberal, Marxian, Retributive and utilitarian theories in combination. Thus, this Article is well organized and elaborated to provide an important background awareness and direction to other researchers on the need of using combined theories (moral and political) to fully conceptualize the moral goodness and natural ground of utilizing violent force and retaliation in certain political circumstances.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00021.
Water Management in India: Emerging issues and challenges
Full text linkWater is a foundation of life and livelihoods and is a key to sustainable development. Successful water management will serve as a foundation for the achievement of many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as for SDG 6—which is to ‘ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. India with 2.4% of the world’s total area has 16% of the world’s population but has only 4% of the total available fresh water. The total water available from precipitation in the country in a year is about 4,000 cubic km. The availability of surface water and replenishable groundwater is 1,869 cubic km. Out of this only 60 per cent can be put to beneficial uses. Thus, the total utilisable water resource in the country is only 1,122 cubic km. This clearly indicates the need for water resource development, conservation, and optimum use.
While the total water resource availability in the country remains constant, the per capita availability of water has been steadily declining since the year 1951 due to population growth. The twin indicators of water scarcity are per capita availability and storage. A per capita availability of less than 1700 cubic metres (m3) is termed as a water-stressed condition while if per capita availability falls below 1000 m3, it is termed as a water scarcity condition. Safe and clean drinking water is one of the biggest problems in India. There is a shortage of water for agriculture and industrial sectors also. The main issue is how to make better water management in India. Unplanned development and management of water are leading to water scarcity, an economic and environmental strain which may increase manifold in the coming decades. The main issues and challenges for water management in India are (i) Deterioration of Water Quality (ii) Water Conservation (iii) Lack of Safe and clean drinking water (iv) Insufficient water for irrigation.
The Ministry of Water Resource, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation has been allocated the subject of regulation and development of inter-State rivers, implementation of awards of Tribunals, water quality assessment, bilateral and external assistance and co-operation programmes in the field of water resources and matters relating to rivers. In the 21st century India, there is a declining availability of fresh water and increasing demand, the need has arisen to conserve and effectively manage this precious life-giving a resource for sustainable development. There is need to take quick steps and make effective policies and laws (no doubt, there is water policy 2002, but that is not dealing effectively with these issues), and adopt effective measures for its conservation. There is a need to encourage watershed development, rainwater harvesting, water recycling and reuse, and conjunctive use of water for sustainable water supply in the long run.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00018.
Game Theory and its Application to Penology
Full text linkGame theory is the study of the interactions that occur between rational decision-makers and the dynamics that influence strategic behaviors. Paramount to this approach is the realization that an individual’s decisions are often influenced by the actions and/or anticipated actions of others. Of particular importance is Game Theory’s capacity to explain the prison’s disinterest and seeming inability to successfully promote offender rehabilitation. Herein the relationship existing between prisons and prisoners is viewed as a “game” designed to prevent an inmate “win”. As such, contemporary prisoners have (in protest) chosen to oppose all forms of correctional intervention even when doing so is personally detrimental.
DOI: 10.5958/2347-6869.2018.00015.