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Une approche lexicologique et socioanthroponymique aux prénoms les plus attribués au Mexique en 2021
No full textEn 2021, l’Institut National des Statistiques et de la Géographie (INEGI en espagnol) a publié la liste des prénoms les plus attribués au Mexique entre 2017 et 2020, puis ceux de l’année 2021. Les socioanthroponymistes mexicains ont à leur disposition, pour la première fois, des données officielles concernant l’ensemble du pays. L’objectif de cette contribution est d’analyser ces données du point de vue lexicologique et d’établir un certain nombre d’hypothèses d’ordre socioanthroponymique, afin de cerner les tendances dans les pratiques dénominatives contemporaines au Mexique. À partir de la création d’une base de données ad hoc pour ce corpus de prénoms, ils ont été marqués selon les critères linguistiques de la langue, la structure, la forme graphique, les procédés dérivatifs, et les changements de catégorie lexicale. Cet article concerne les données les plus saillantes, surtout la structure de ces prénoms les plus attribués. Dans la mesure du possible, on essaiera d’expliquer certains choix par des facteurs sociohistoriques et socioculturels présents dans la réalité extralinguistique du pays. Cette étude a pour fondements les théories sociopragmatiques des noms propres (Van Langendonck, 2007 ; Van Langendonck et Van de Velde, 2016 ; Ainiala et Östman, 2017), ainsi que des études contemporaines situées dans la socioanthroponymie (Aldrin, 2016 ; Seide et Petrulione, 2018, López Franco, 2014, 2020). Une première constatation est que les prénoms composés traditionnels sont bien moins populaires que 50 ans plus tôt, et que l’espagnol n’a pas été déplacé par des emprunts à d’autres langues, au moins dans les premiers rangs de fréquence. Ces choix contribuent à l’identité collective des Mexicains, dans une société qui se veut soutenable, dans un contexte où il y a encore très peu d’études sur les anthroponymes mexicains du XXIe siècle. Spécialement, ayant pour base les statistiques nationales
Factors influencing resilience in siblings of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses: a scoping review protocol
No full textIntroduction Siblings of children with disabilities or chronic illnesses often face significant challenges during their upbringing. Despite these difficulties, many develop a positive outlook and adapt successfully. To help individuals navigate developmental challenges in a healthy and manageable way, this study focuses on the concept of resilience. Although previous studies have primarily focused on the challenges and difficulties faced by siblings of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses, the factors influencing resilience in these siblings remain unclear. This review aims to inform the development of effective support systems for siblings of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses.Methods and analysis We will search PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science and Ichushi-Web (a Japanese Medical Literature Database). Two independent reviewers will apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles. Full texts of relevant studies will be reviewed. This scoping review focuses on studies addressing resilience in siblings of children with disabilities and chronic illnesses during childhood, with particular focus on the perspectives of siblings. The review will exclude conference proceedings, abstracts, posters, editorials, commentaries, opinion papers and review papers. However, important documents found during the search will be added if relevant. Using a custom data extraction method developed for this review, the researchers will extract relevant data, inductively and comprehensively organise similar codes, and identify key components of resilience.Ethics and dissemination This study does not involve human subjects and therefore does not require approval from an ethics committee for human subjects research. The results of this exploratory review will be disclosed through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed academic journals.Trial registration number https://osf.io/p34ex
Beyond Treatment: The Strategy of Nonintervention in Choroidal Hemangioma
No full textABSTRACT The circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) is a benign congenital eye tumor whose etiology is not clear. A 41‐year‐old female patient came with a 2‐year history of slowly progressive deteriorating vision in her right eye. In the left eye, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6, and counting fingers at 1 m in the right eye. The wide‐field fundus showed a yellow macular lesion with indistinct limits, which is a sign of serous retinal detachment. B‐scan ultrasonography revealed a clear‐cut choroidal lesion, high internal reflectivity, and visible intrinsic vascularity on color Doppler. OCT has shown a massive choroidal mass with damaged RPE and outer retinal layers, which has been obscured by serous retinal detachment. The chest x‐ray revealed bronchiectatic opacities, the CT scan revealed no lung lesions, and LFTs and RFTs were normal. The fluorescein angiography revealed a choroidal hemangioma with early vascularity and late hyperfluorescence. Nonetheless, the retinal team chose the option of observation instead of TTT, radiotherapy, or verteporfin photodynamic therapy due to the closeness of the lesion to the macula, low visual acuity, and lack of verteporfin PDT in Pakistan. To sum up, the present case demonstrates the significance of multimodal imaging in the proper diagnosis of choroidal hemangiomas and the necessity to pay close attention to patient‐specific factors when making treatment decisions, especially in limited resource settings
World Health Organization–Recommended Periodic Presumptive Treatment Versus Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, in Kenya. Because nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is not widely accessible, most gonorrhea and chlamydia infections go undiagnosed and are treated only if symptomatic. World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) and doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) are both potential interventions to reduce the burden of bacterial STIs in this population. Neither has been rigorously tested among MSM in Africa.
ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of WHO-recommended PPT versus doxyPEP, compared with standard syndromic treatment, in reducing the prevalence of bacterial STIs, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, among MSM in Kenya.
MethodsWe are conducting an open-label randomized controlled trial with 2900 participants assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to WHO-recommended PPT given every 3 months, doxyPEP taken 24-72 hours after condomless sex, or standard treatment. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral data are collected by audio computer-assisted self-interview. Syphilis testing and treatment are provided as part of standard care. Throat and rectal swabs and urine are collected, pooled, and batch tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia by NAAT; these results are not used to guide treatment. The primary trial outcome is the combined prevalence of laboratory-diagnosed gonorrhea, chlamydia, and early syphilis after baseline; secondary outcomes include the prevalence of each pathogen individually and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Primary and secondary outcomes will be compared between each intervention and the common control arm by estimating relative risks over follow-up (months 3-18) using a modified Poisson model fitted with generalized estimating equations. We will also assess implementation outcomes, including acceptability, feasibility, and safety of each intervention compared to standard care among providers and patients using a mixed methods approach. Finally, we will evaluate the potential health and economic impact of scaling up WHO-recommended PPT and doxyPEP compared to standard of care on STI control among MSM and their partners in Kenya using a stochastic, network-based model and cost-effectiveness analysis on trial data.
ResultsEnrollment commenced on October 29, 2025. As of November 25, 2025, a total of 357 participants (12.3% of target) have been enrolled, including 133 in Kisumu, 122 in Nairobi, and 102 in Mombasa. Full enrollment is expected to take 6 months, with follow-up occurring over 18 months per participant. Results will be published in 2028.
ConclusionsResults of this trial will provide critical data needed to inform guidelines to improve STI control among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited settings where NAAT is not routinely available. Modeled estimates of the health and economic impact of scaling up these two interventions on STI control among MSM and their partners in Kenya will provide critical information to guide policymakers considering adoption of either intervention.
Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06468462; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06468462
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/8111
Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Treatment Regimens for Histoplasmosis and Tuberculosis Coinfection in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis Protocol
No full textABSTRACT Background and Aims While previous publications have briefly pointed out a few alternative therapeutic interventions for the treatment of histoplasmosis and tuberculosis coinfections in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), there are no reviews evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of different regimens. Thus, this protocol outlines the approach for systematically reviewing and synthesizing the existing literature regarding the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of different regimens for histoplasmosis and tuberculosis coinfection treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods A systematic search will be conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases. Studies will be selected in two distinct stages, and data from selected studies will be extracted. Risk of bias will be assessed using the RoB 2, ROBINS‐I, NOS, and JBI tools, depending on the type of study. Finally, the strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Conclusions The findings of this review may positively impact public health, stimulating the implementation of evidence‐based practices and guiding the adoption of specific treatment protocols for patients with HIV/AIDS coinfected with histoplasmosis and tuberculosis in endemic regions
Entrevista com Teresa Matus: história e fundamentos do serviço social no Chile
No full textNesta entrevista, a professora Teresa Matus discorre sobre sua trajetória profissional e recorda momentos de sua formação intelectual, retomando os contextos históricos e referências conceituais do serviço social no Chile, na América Latina e no mundo. No diálogo com a entrevistadora, Teresa Matus descreve, no contexto da ditadura e da transição para a democracia, a trajetória de fechamento e reabertura do curso de serviço social na Universidade do Chile, bem como a construção do projeto pedagógico que visa uma sintonia entre ensino e prática da graduação e da pós-graduação, por meio dos Núcleos I+D+i — Investigación, Desarrollo e Incidencia Pública. Como uma protagonista contemporânea do serviço social chileno, a entrevistada problematiza conceitos que lhe parecem hegemônicos e aborda as diferentes perspectivas teóricas que moveram e movem o serviço social, agora centenário na América Latina
Trabalho abstrato e teoria marxista do valor
No full textObjetivou-se apresentar alguns elementos sobre a categoria do trabalho abstrato dentro da análise econômica de Karl Marx, em O Capital, tendo por base a análise crítica desenvolvida por Isaak Rubin na obra Teoria Marxista do Valor. Como resultado, destaca-se que um dos grandes méritos da obra do autor russo foi apresentar as principais mediações que consubstanciam a determinação dessa categoria a partir da vigência do valor dentro do capitalismo. Ressaltou-se que a análise realizada por Marx sobre a categoria do trabalho abstrato refletiu um grande avanço do autor alemão em relação à economia política, assim como lhe serviu para apreender a forma específica de exploração do capitalismo
Capitalismo dependente e saneamento: análise da trajetória da Copasa
No full textO artigo analisa criticamente a trajetória da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (Copasa) como expressão das contradições estruturais do saneamento básico no contexto do capitalismo dependente brasileiro. Com base na Teoria Marxista da Dependência e no método histórico-estrutural, a pesquisa articula teoria crítica, levantamento documental e entrevistas com gestores da Copasa para compreender a forma institucional do saneamento como parte das condições gerais de reprodução do capital nas formações periféricas. Os resultados revelam que a financeirização da Copasa — gestada no Planasa, nos anos 1970, e aprofundada com a abertura de seu capital acionário — subordina a universalização do saneamento às exigências de valorização financeira, convertendo direitos sociais em ativos rentáveis. Conclui-se que a efetivação dos direitos humanos à água e ao esgotamento sanitário é condicionada por mediações estruturais que articulam dependência, herança autoritária e racionalidade mercantil, exigindo abordagens críticas que superem leituras técnico-normativas e enfrentem os fundamentos materiais da desigualdade no acesso ao saneamento.
Practical aspects of teaching a graduate-level small-molecule chemical crystallography course
No full textWe present the practical curriculum of the graduate Chemical Crystallography course in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, outlining our favorite resources, texts, and software. The course relies on collaborative in-class student assignments that build up a knowledge base of fundamental crystallography and 37 hands-on structure solution and refinement exercises spanning structures of varying difficulty. Students begin solving and refining structures early in the course, following a ‘do first, understand second' philosophy. The strong focus on data interpretation ensures that students gain the practical skills necessary for independent structural investigation and critical evaluation of the crystallographic literature
Primary Mucosal Routes of Opioid Administration for Treating Terminal Cancer Pain: Rectal, Buccal, and Intranasal Delivery
No full textXiao-Yi Huang,1,* Qiang Qi,1,* Cheng-Shan Zhang,2,* Kuan Huang,3 Xin Liu,3 Xu-Jiang Deng,3 Li Chen3– 5 1The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Anesthesia Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Anesthesia Key Laboratory, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Li Chen, Anesthesia Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15727752168, Email [email protected]: This review analyzes the factors influencing mucosal administration of opioids, the methods of administration, clinical applications, pharmacokinetic parameters, and considerations.Summary: Inclusion criteria for this review includes English literature from 1984 to the present, with the primary literature search conducted on PubMed. The findings indicate that mucosal administration of opioids offers a non-invasive and rapidly effective treatment option for chronic and breakthrough pain in terminal cancer patients, which is crucial for improving their quality of life. Specifically, rectal administration provides long-lasting analgesia but is slow-acting and has variable bioavailability. Oral administration is more patient-friendly and has higher bioavailability than rectal administration, though some of the drug may be swallowed. Nasal administration is well-tolerated, has higher bioavailability than the rectal and buccal routes, and acts quickly, but its effects are short-lived and the long-term impact on the nasal mucosa remains unclear.Conclusion: Current research shows that mucosal opioid administration can relieve pain in advanced cancer patients, but each route has pros and cons. Choosing the appropriate method and medication based on the patient’s condition is crucial. Further research on integrating these routes to optimize pain management for terminal patients is needed.Keywords: mucosal, rectal, buccal, nasal, intranasal, opioids, terminal, cancer, pai
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