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Features of Self-Perception in Men and Women Suffering from Alcohol Addiction
No full textThe article presents results of the research into self-perception of males and females diagnosed with chronic alcoholism. The article’s data is theoretically based on the analysis of contemporary scientific studies which indicate a number of discrepancies identified in certain qualitative characteristics of alcohol addicts’ self-image. The empirical research studies 80 people aged between 30 and 47 years, including males (N = 20) and females (N = 20) with alcohol addiction, as well as healthy males (N = 20) and females (N = 20) who consume alcohol not more than 3 times a month. To identify indicators of a person’s self-perception the article uses the following methodology: “The study of the general self-esteem” by G.N. Kazantseva, “Personality differential” by E.F. Bazhin and A.M. Etkind, “Self-attitude Questionnaire” by V.V. Stolin and S.R. Pantileev. The research data shows that male alcohol addicts tend to have low self-esteem and self-control, declining auto-sympathy and self-acceptance, lack of self-management which is paradoxically coupled with excessive self-assurance. At the same time female alcohol addicts self-image is less different from that of healthy females. The former tend to have excessive self-assurance combined with low self-understanding. Moreover, compared with their male counterparts, females alcohol users show higher auto-sympathy and lower self-blaming. The acquired data can be used for developing rehabilitation programs for people suffering from alcohol addiction to help them build motivation for alcohol withdrawal.</p
Assessment of facilities required for implementation of play-based pedagogy in pre-primary schools in Ethiopia
No full textThe study assessed the existence of materials in implementing play-based pedagogy in early childhood education in Ethiopia. It utilised a mixed convergence approach with a descriptive survey methodology. A total of 427 participants were selected, including teachers, PTA members, principals, experts and coordinators. The instruments were self-constructed questionnaires and interview guiding questions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse closed-ended quantitative data, while open-ended qualitative data were narrated. The findings reveal that most private and some public pre-primary school facilitators did not use age-appropriate, mentally stimulating video and audio aids. Resources were scarce, including indoor facilities and play materials. The identified challenge was a shortage of facilities. The study recommended that the woreda education office allocate adequate budgets to primary schools to ensure the required resources are available. Generally, the study highlighted the need to improve preschool facilities to support the effective implementation of play-based pedagogy in early childhood education
Social Representations of the Body: Theory, Facts and Commentary (Part 2)
No full textThe purpose of the study was to identify social representations of the body in two age groups. The sample consisted of the respondents from the two generations (N= 294 people: 191 women aged 18 to 62 years and 103 men aged 18 to 60 years). The respondents had different levels of education, occupation, family status, different social practices (sport activity/absence of sport activity, presence/absence of body modifications). The main method of the study was a survey. Based on the previous stages of the study, 28 bipolar scales were formulated to assess the objects “own body”, “female body”, “male body” in two age groups of women. And 29 bipolar scales for evaluating the objects “own body”, “male body”, “female body” — in two age groups of men. The obtained results demonstrate the normative image of the body in the groups of women and men (female and male, respectively), there are no significant differences in the body representations as a matter of different social practices in relation to the body. In the group of males no differences in the representations of the body were found in the two age groups; in the group of females, differences were found only with regard to the representation of the female body.</p
Self-Presentation as a Factor in the Professional Self-Attitude of Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
No full textThe article examines the current issue of the relationship between the professional self-attitude of law enforcement officers and behavioral strategies of self-presentation, which serve as tools for personal self-realization in official activities. A theoretical analysis of these phenomena is presented, along with an empirical study that identifies significant relationships and factor structures of professional self-attitude. Based on these findings, a program is planned for future development and testing, aimed at adapting young employees to professional activities in law enforcement agencies, with an emphasis on improving behavioral strategies. The goal is to identify the specifics of professional self-attitude and self-presentation strategies among employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The empirical study involved 110 male police officers aged from 22 to 45 years, with work experience ranging from 2 to 10 years. The study results describe the dominant components of professional self-attitude and preferred self-presentation strategies, including interactions with management, colleagues, friends, and relatives. Significant relationships were found between the components of professional self-attitude and self-presentation strategies. It is concluded that identifying factors of professional self-attitude and behavioral strategies can be useful in developing and testing a long-term psychological support program for law enforcement officers, focusing on personal growth, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and passion for the profession.</p
Methodology for developing soft skills in chemistry education: theoretical and practical foundations
No full textThe rapid transformation of educational paradigms in the twenty-first century demands that science education extend beyond disciplinary knowledge to cultivate transversal competencies essential for sustainable development and professional success. Chemistry education, with its inherent emphasis on laboratory collaboration, analytical reasoning, and ethical responsibility, offers a particularly fertile context for developing these soft skills. However, contemporary educational challenges - including the lingering effects of COVID-19 disruptions and the unique pressures faced by conflict-affected regions such as Ukraine - have exacerbated learning losses and heightened the urgency for systematic approaches to competency development. This paper addresses the critical gap between the recognized importance of soft skills in chemistry education and the lack of comprehensive methodological frameworks for their systematic cultivation in secondary school settings. Drawing upon Education for Sustainable Development principles and twenty-first-century competency frameworks, the study aims to provide chemistry educators with theoretically grounded and practically applicable guidance for integrating soft skills development into their teaching practice. The methodology synthesizes current research literature, including systematic analysis of Scopus-indexed publications, with established pedagogical frameworks and practical teaching materials. The paper examines soft skills across four interconnected domains: cognitive skills (critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving), communicative skills (scientific communication, listening, collaboration), organizational skills (time management, adaptability, leadership), and intrapersonal skills (emotional intelligence, ethical awareness, self-regulation). Key contributions include a classification framework tailored to chemistry education contexts, evidence-based teaching strategies for each skill domain, assessment approaches for monitoring soft skills development, and adaptations for inclusive and crisis-affected learning environments. The paper presents practical lesson plans, case studies, and rubrics designed for immediate classroom implementation. The findings underscore that systematic integration of soft skills in chemistry education not only enhances student preparedness for future academic and professional challenges but also serves as a mechanism for addressing educational losses and fostering psychological resilience. Implications for curriculum development, teacher professional development, and educational policy are discussed, with particular attention to contexts requiring adaptive and inclusive approaches
راهبردهای تابآور اقلیمی برای ارتقای سلامت بینایی کشاورزان در راستای کشاورزی پایدار در نیجریه
No full textسلامت بینایی کشاورزان یکی از مؤلفههای اساسی پوشش همگانی سلامت بهشمار میآید و باید در برنامهریزی، تخصیص منابع و عرضة خدمات بهداشتی برای تحقق کشاورزی پایدار در نیجریه بدان توجه داشت. در این پژوهش، با بهرهگیری از مرور نظاممند منابع و مشاهدة مشارکتی، راهبردهای تابآور در برابر تغییرات اقلیمی برای ارتقای سلامت چشمان کشاورزان و دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار در نیجریه شناسایی شده است. تغییرات اقلیمی بر تمامی ابعاد سلامت انسان تأثیرگذار است و علم چشمپزشکی نیز از این قاعده مستثنا نیست. ثبات و کارآمدی نظام مراقبت از سلامت چشم در تقویت کشاورزی پایدار در نیجریه نقش بسزایی دارد. در این مطالعه، تأمین مالی سبز از سوی سازمانهای چندجانبهای همچون بانک جهانی (WBG) و برنامة محیطزیست سازمان ملل متحد (UNEP) برای کاهش آثار تغییرات اقلیمی بر سلامت بینایی کشاورزان در نیجریه توصیه شده است. در پژوهش حاضر با تأکید مجدد بر تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر سلامت چشمان کشاورزان در نیجریه، ضرورت انجام پژوهشهای بیشتر و گسترش فعالیتهای آگاهیبخش و کنشگری در ارتقای سلامت بینایی کشاورزان در مسیر کشاورزی پایدار یادآور شده است
اقتصاد و مالیة اسلامی: تجربة ایران و نتایج اجرای آزمایشی در روسیه
No full textدر این پژوهش تحول و ساختار اقتصاد و مالیة اسلامی بررسی شده است؛ بهویژه بر الگوی ایران و اهمیت آن در اجرای آزمایشی مالیة اسلامی در روسیه (۲۰۲۳ تا ۲۰۲۵م) تمرکز شده است. در این مطالعه، مبانی نظری، اصول منطبق با شریعت و ابزارهای اصلی (مانند مرابحه/ بهرة کاری، مضاربه، مشارکه، اجاره، صکوک، تکافل و استصناع) تبیین شده و الگوهای ملی در کشورهای ایران، سودان، کشورهای حوزة خلیج فارس، مالزی و اندونزی با هم مقایسه شده است. تجربة ایران، شامل اسلامیسازی کامل نظام بانکی، نقش پررنگ دولت و توسعة تأمین مالی مبتنیبر دارایی در شرایط تحریم، بهعنوان نقطة مرجع برای شکلدهی به چارچوبهای مقرراتی، نهادی و زیرساختهای بازار در نظر گرفته شد. اجرای آزمایشی روسیه در جمهوریهای تاتارستان، داغستان، باشقیرستان و چچن نشانههایی از موفقیت اولیه را نشان میدهد؛ ازجمله رشد سبد داراییها، افزایش وفاداری مشتریان و مشارکت بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط و حتی کاربران غیرمسلمان. بااینحال، محدودیتهایی همچون ناهماهنگیهای مالیاتی (از جمله خطر اخذ مالیات بر ارزش افزودة مضاعف) و کمبود متخصصان دارای گواهی معتبر همچنان پابرجاست. در پایان، مجموعهای از پیشنهادهای سیاستی مطرح میشود، ازجمله برقراری بیطرفی مالیاتی، همسویی با استانداردهای بینالمللی (AAOIFI و IFSB)، توسعة سرمایة انسانی، تقویت حاکمیت شرعی، نظام گواهیسازی محصولات و گسترش تدریجی جغرافیایی. نتیجهگیری پژوهش آن است که با اقتباس گزینشی از تجربة ایران در کنار تضمین رقابت، شفافیت و پیوندهای بینالمللی، روسیه میتواند بخشی پایدار، اخلاقمدار و رقابتی از مالیة اسلامی را بنیان نهد و ارتباط خود را با بازارهای جهانی اسلامی تعمیق بخشد
Identificando evasão fiscal em empresas de fachada e em créditos ilegais de ICMS
No full textResumo Empresas que emitem documentos fiscais para fraudar o fisco com a transferência de crédito do ICMS sem a circulação de mercadorias causam prejuízo ao erário público e, por conseguinte, à sociedade. Diversas iniciativas de combate a fraudes fiscais têm utilizado, com sucesso, técnicas de análise de dados e aprendizagem de máquina. Este trabalho buscou investigar o uso dessas técnicas na identificação de uma prática específica de fraude fiscal realizada por empresas popularmente conhecidas como “empresas noteiras”, que formadas exclusivamente para emitir créditos não devidos de ICMS, imposto sobre operações relativas à circulação de mercadorias e sobre prestações de serviços de transporte interestadual, intermunicipal e de comunicação. Com base na análise documental e em consulta com auditores e especialistas, foram identificadas tipologias e variáveis relevantes na determinação de eventos de sonegação fiscal realizados pelas empresas noteiras. Em torno dessas variáveis, procedeu-se à coleta e à preparação de dados provenientes da Secretaria de Fazenda do Distrito Federal. Com esses dados, foi possível explorar o uso de modelos preditivos baseados em aprendizagem de máquina capazes de apontar comportamentos potencialmente fraudulentos. Os bons resultados obtidos por esses modelos demonstram seu potencial como parte de uma sistemática de monitoramento e auditorias fiscais realizadas pelos órgãos fazendários
احساسات و گفتمان همگانی رسانههای اجتماعی دربارة ادعاهای ارضی ایران بر جزایر سهگانه
No full textدر این پژوهش اوجگیری دوبارۀ بحثهای همگانی پیرامون ادعاهای ارضی ایران بر جزایر تنببزرگ، تنبکوچک و ابوموسی در خلیجفارس مطالعه شده است. این خیزش گفتمانی در پی بیانیۀ مشترک اتحادیۀ اروپا و شورای همکاری خلیجفارس در اکتبر ۲۰۲۴م پدید آمد. در این بررسی، ۳۱۲۷ فرستة (پست) یگانۀ فارسیزبان از شبکة اجتماعی ایکس تحلیل شد تا نگرش عمومی و روندهای مضمونی در واکنش کاربران پارسیزبان شناسایی شود. ترکیبی از ابزارهای پردازش زبان طبیعی، ازجمله تحلیل نگرش و روشهای خوشهبندی، برای آشکارکردن الگوهای عاطفی و مضمونیِ دقیقتر بهکار گرفته شد. یافتهها نشان میدهد که توزیع نگرشها متعادل بوده و هشت خوشۀ مضمونی متمایز پدید آمده است که مباحثی چون ادعاهای تاریخی، نقد مداخلههای بیگانگان و تنشهای ژئوپلیتیکی را برجسته میکند. نمودارهای نوآورانه، همچون ابرواژههای مبتنیبر نگرش و نقشههای حساسیت، پیچیدگی واکنشهای عمومی را آشکار میسازد. این تحلیل نشان میدهد که روایتهای درهمتنیدۀ حاکمیت، هویت و ژئوپلیتیک در شکلدهی به افکار عمومی ایرانی نقش بنیادینی دارد و بر نیروهای سیاسیای که در پی جهتدهی به برداشتهای جهانی از مسئلۀ جزایر سهگانه هستند، تأثیری ژرف خواهد داشت
Unpacking the value-effect gap: university students' engagement with social media in academic and social context
Full text linkSocial media use (SMU) for the youth, including university students, holds socio-psychological values, yet its dual impact on social and academic engagement remains underexplored, particularly in Tanzania's higher education. This study employed uses and gratifications theory (UGT) to investigate the value-effect gap of SMU, examining its perceived influence on academic connections (AC), personal friendships (PF), and overall socio-psychological values. Employing a quantitative approach, it collected data from 680 conveniently sampled university students at one of the largest public universities in central Tanzania, using online surveys. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and structural equation modelling (SEM) strategies. The findings revealed that most participants were social media consumers and WhatsApp dominated the SMU (74.41%). Descriptive analysis confirms high agreement of academic values (M ≈ 3.88–4.21), compared to high to moderate social values (M ≈ 3.37–3.89). Interestingly, SEM results demonstrated deeper, structural relationships thus confirming very strong effects of PF on overall perceived impact (OP) of SMU (PF → OP = 0.85; β = 0.852, p < 0.0001), compared to moderate path (AC OP = 0.43; β = 0.429, p < 0.0001). These findings confirm the value-effect gap related to SMU, implying that what is highly valued is not what mainly influences the overall perceived impact of SMU. Furthermore, the findings also demonstrated that SMU fulfil the dual role of academic and social bonding. In addition, demographic variables, particularly gender (β = 0.027, CR = 0.878, p = 0.380), demonstrated minimal influence on socio-psychological values of SMU. These findings contribute to efforts related to integrating social media in university campus life by elucidating context-specific motivations, thus informing policy by advocating holistic-balanced SMU integration in higher education. Recommendations include platform-specific guidelines and digital literacy programmes to optimise academic and social outcomes
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