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No full textThe "survival of the fittest" bias: how excluding prehospital deaths distorts the impact of transport time in rural trauma
No full textBridging practice and evidence: insights from the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Saudi Critical Care Society Guidelines on trauma-related VTE
No full textAbstract Background Trauma-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents significant challenges in clinical care for patients with critical illnesses, highlighting the need for evidence-based recommendations. The Saudi Critical Care Society (SCCS), in collaboration with international experts, developed the “VTE Prophylaxis in Trauma Intensive Care Unit Patients” clinical practice guidelines. The guidelines were developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and provide consensus-based, actionable recommendations tailored to diverse clinical contexts. This article highlights key aspects of the guidelines, emphasizing practical implementation strategies for trauma VTE prophylaxis management. Main body The trauma VTE prophylaxis guidelines, endorsed by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI), focus on the timing of initiation, agent selection, and mechanical prophylaxis strategies for patients with trauma. The guidelines address unique challenges and knowledge gaps, providing adaptable strategies for clinicians in high-resource and resource-constrained settings. Conclusion Here, we highlight key aspects of the guidelines, the importance of evidence-based practices, adherence strategies, the need for adaptability in special populations and low-resource settings, and future research priorities in trauma and critical care
Effect of injection hole geometry on film-cooling performance of turbine blades under different free-stream turbulence conditions and blowing ratios
No full textAbstract The film cooling method using various geometric hole shapes has played a crucial role in the cooling of high-pressure turbine blades. ANSYS CFX software was employed to simulate film cooling on turbine blades. The problem was analyzed using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the SST k-ω turbulence model and low y⁺ values (less than 2). The results show that improving the hole geometry consistently enhances the cooling effectiveness on turbine blades compared to cylindrical holes. This study was conducted under three different free-stream turbulence intensities (Tu = 3.6%, 7.5%, and 11%) and four different blowing ratios (M = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The results indicate that, at the same blowing ratio, the cooling effectiveness of the improved rectangular inlet and outlet hole is significantly higher than that of the cylindrical hole under all turbulence levels. Specifically, at a low blowing ratio of M = 0.025, the improved hole’s peak effectiveness is over 73% higher than that of the cylindrical hole. At a higher blowing ratio of M = 0.1, the peak effectiveness of the improved hole exceeds that of the cylindrical hole by 86
IdentifiHR predicts homologous recombination deficiency in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma using gene expression
No full textAbstract Background Approximately half of all high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) have a therapeutically targetable defect in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. While there are genomic and transcriptomic methods, developed for other cancers, to identify HR deficient (HRD) samples, there are no gene expression-based tools to predict HR status in HGSC specifically. We have built a HGSC-specific model to predict HR status using gene expression. Methods We separated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of HGSCs into training (n = 288) and testing (n = 73) sets and labelled each case as HRD or HR proficient (HRP) based on the clinical standard for classification. Using the training set, we performed differential gene expression analysis between HRD and HRP cases. The 2604 significantly differentially expressed genes were used to train a penalised logistic regression model. Results IdentifiHR uses the expression of 209 genes to predict HR status in HGSC. These genes preserve the genomic damage signal, capturing known regions of HR-specific copy number alteration which impact gene expression. IdentifiHR is 85% accurate in the TCGA test set and 86% accurate in an independent cohort of 99 samples, taken from primary tumours, ascites and normal fallopian tubes. Further, IdentifiHR is 84% accurate in pseudobulked single-cell HGSC sequencing from 37 patients and outperforms existing expression-based methods to predict HR status, being BRCAness, MutliscaleHRD and expHRD. Conclusions IdentifiHR is an accurate model to predict HR status in HGSC. It is available as an open source R package, empowering researchers to robustly classify HR status when only transcriptomic sequencing data is available
The 1 / N c operator analysis of the combined octet and decuplet baryons contact interactions in SU(3) chiral effective field theory
No full textAbstract In this work, we construct the non-derivative four-point interactions for Octet and Decuplet baryons in the SU(3) Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChEFT) framework, and there are 104 coupling constant terms. The non-relativistic expansion of the baryon fields has been considered up to the Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) of the three-momentum expansion. We find 28 and 106 Low-Energy Constants (LECs) for Leading Order (LO) and NLO, respectively. Using the Hartree Hamiltonian of the 1 / N c expansion of the operator product up to Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order (NNLO), we can reduce the free parameters (LECs) of the ChEFT from 134 down to 24 up to NLO of the three-momentum expansion. Moreover, we will discuss the implications of the 1 / N c sum rules in Ω Ω and Ω N scatterings, where the future results from lattice QCD can be used to test our sum rules
A covalently crosslinked alginate hydrogel platform with alginate oligosaccharide for tunable mechanics and enhanced antibacterial function
No full textAbstract The performance of wound dressings is closely linked to their ability to provide appropriate mechanical support, moisture retention, and antibacterial protection. Here, we report a covalently crosslinked alginate hydrogel dressing designed to overcome ion leaching associated with conventional Ca2⁺-crosslinked alginate and to enhance functional molecule efficacy through alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) incorporation. Covalent hydrogels were prepared using EDC/NHS chemistry with amino acid–based crosslinkers, and AOS was conjugated at varying concentrations. Compared with ionically crosslinked gels, covalent hydrogels exhibited reduced swelling and a compressive modulus of 2–5 kPa with ~ 40% hysteresis, approaching the lower range of skin elasticity. Although increasing AOS content further decreased re-swelling after drying, water-retention capacity was largely preserved. An antimicrobial peptide was covalently immobilized onto the hydrogel surface, imparting dose-dependent antibacterial activity. Notably, AOS incorporation significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy, nearly doubling growth inhibition at lower peptide concentrations. Microstructural analysis revealed dense pore networks in ionically crosslinked gels, whereas AOS conjugation did not induce substantial structural changes in covalent hydrogels. This study demonstrates that AOS-conjugated, covalently crosslinked alginate hydrogels provide tunable mechanical properties and amplified antibacterial performance, offering a versatile platform for next-generation functional wound dressings. Graphical abstrac
High density lipoproteins, disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
No full textAbstract Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We assessed associations between circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and its components apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and disease severity and outcomes in patients with IPF. Methods The cohort comprised 284 patients enrolled in the IPF-PRO Registry. We analyzed associations between HDL-C, ApoA1 and PON-1 levels at enrollment and measures of disease severity at enrollment (using linear regression) and outcomes during follow-up (using Cox models). Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, including cardiovascular disease and statin use, assessed at enrollment. Results In unadjusted models, higher ApoA1 and lower PON-1 were associated with higher FVC % predicted at enrollment. Median follow-up was 40 months. In unadjusted models, higher ApoA1 at enrollment was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32 [95% CI: 0.16, 0.64] per unit higher log2 ApoA1) and respiratory hospitalization (HR 0.25 [0.11, 0.57] per unit higher log2 ApoA1). In analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, the association with respiratory hospitalization remained significant (HR 0.30 [95% CI: 0.10, 0.88; p = 0.029]), but the association with all-cause mortality was no longer significant (HR 0.44 [95% CI: 0.18, 1.08; p = 0.074]). Levels of PON-1 or HDL-C were not associated with all-cause mortality or respiratory hospitalization. Conclusion In a real-world cohort of patients with IPF, a higher circulating level of ApoA1 was associated with a lower risk of respiratory hospitalization. ApoA1 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with IPF
Respiratory syncytial virus is associated with a higher disease burden than influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in adults with chronic lung disease: a multi-center cohort study
No full textAbstract Background Comparative data on the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) versus other respiratory viruses in adults with chronic lung disease (CLD; asthma, COPD, or bronchiectasis) remain limited. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes associated with RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 in this population during a period that largely preceded widespread adult RSV vaccine uptake. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with CLD and confirmed to have RSV, influenza, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through combo tests including polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen testing from June 2022 to April 2024 were included. A total of 82,871 participants diagnosed with CLD who tested positive for RSV, influenza, or SARS-CoV-2 using combo tests were included in the analysis. Patients with co-existing viral infections were excluded. Short-term adverse outcomes were defined as events occurring within 28 days after the index date, while long-term adverse outcomes were defined as events that occurred between 12 to 52 weeks. Results After propensity score matching, RSV-infected patients had higher rates of exacerbations compared to those with influenza (HR:1.37, 95% CI:1.28–1.47) and those with SARS-CoV-2 (HR:2.98, 95% CI:2.73–3.26). These patients also showed an increased requirement for mechanical ventilation compared to those with influenza (HR:1.50, 95% CI:1.29–1.75) and those with SARS-CoV-2 (HR:1.97, 95% CI:1.67–2.33). Additionally, RSV-infected individuals experienced higher incidences of acute decompensated heart failure compared to influenza (HR:1.32, 95% CI:1.20–1.46), and (HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.32–1.61) relative to SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Conclusions RSV infection in patients with CLD revealed higher disease severity compared to influenza and SARS-CoV-2, warranting increased clinical attention for this population. Summary In this national cohort spanning June 2022 to March 2024, adults with chronic lung disease contracting RSV, influenza or SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Relative to the other viruses, RSV infection led to higher emergency visits, hospitalizations and mechanical ventilation, highlighting an urgent prevention gap
Growth, trends and future projections in India’s horticulture sector: insights from a time series analysis
No full textAbstract India’s horticulture sector is vital for boosting farm incomes, securing livelihoods, and supporting foreign exchange earnings. The study analyses the growth of India’s horticulture sector (fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural crops) from 1991–92 to 2023–24, a period chosen for its significant policy changes and technological advancements. (Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Area and Production of Horticulture Crops, Government of India, 2025). Key objectives include examining historical trends, identifying production drivers, applying ARIMA models for forecasting, and recommending strategies for sustainable growth. Data from national and international sources were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ARIMA modeling. The study shows a remarkable increase in fruit (291.43%) and vegetable (257.73%) production. ARIMA models yielded highly accurate forecasts (R2 > 0.98), confirming their suitability for predicting horticultural trends. The study finds that the area under cultivation and yield per hectare are the strongest predictors of output across horticultural crops. It highlights the importance of investing in technology, infrastructure, and market access to enhance productivity and minimize post-harvest losses. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to support evidence-based planning and ensure the sector’s long-term resilience and competitiveness
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