Journals from University of Tartu
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Viking Age and Medieval harbour site at Mullutu in southern Saaremaa: Viikingi- ja keskaegne sadamakoht Lõuna-Saaremaal Mullutus
No full textViking Age and Medieval harbour site at Mullutu in southern Saarema
The settlement site of Maalasti: crafts from the Mesolithic to the Medieval Times: Maalasti asulakoht: käsitöö jäljed mesoliitikumist keskajani
No full textThe settlement site of Maalasti: crafts from the Mesolithic to the Medieval Time
The oldest urban building remains in Kuressaare: Vanim hooneleid Kuressaare linnas
No full textThe oldest urban building remains in Kuressaar
Archaeological investigations in the western room of the “Clergy house” of the Teutonic Order Castle in Viljandi: Arheoloogilised uuringud Viljandi ordulinnuses “vaimulikehoone” lääneruumis,
No full textArchaeological investigations in the western room of the “Clergy house” of the Teutonic Order Castle in Viljand
New public discoveries in 2022 against a backdrop of concerns about reporting and processing of finds: 2022. aasta detektori- ja juhuleiud ning mured leidudest teatamise ja menetlemisega
No full textNew public discoveries in 2022 against a backdrop of concerns about reporting and processing of find
Additions to the late Viking Age hoard from Lahavere found in 2022: Lisandusi Lahaverest 2022. aastal leitud hilisviikingiaegsele mündiaardele
No full textAdditions to the late Viking Age hoard from Lahavere found in 202
Archaeological investigations in the cemetery of Liu: Arheoloogilised uuringud Liu kalmistul
No full textArchaeological investigations in the cemetery of Li
Kudruküla historical village in Ida-Viru County: Kudruküla ajalooline küla Ida-Virumaal
No full textKudruküla historical village in Ida-Viru Count
Tartu ülikooli looduslookabinetist erialamuuseumideni: From the University of Tartu Naturalien-Kabinett up to special museums
No full textThe history of the Natural History Museum of the University of Tartudates back to the year 1802 when the university’s Naturalien-Kabinet(museum), received its first collection on the 25th of March.However, the decision to establish the natural history collections forteaching had already been made in March 1801, when the head ofthe university’s trust institution decided to buy a collection of minerals,fossils and marine organisms in Mitau (Jelgava). We don’t knowwhether or not this collection arrived in Tartu, but it shows how importantthe natural history collections were even before the openingof the university.Since the beginning of the 19th century, the natural history collectionsrepresented a wide range of natural sciences: mineralogy,paleontology, zoology and botany. The first director of the museum,Professor Gottfried Albrecht Germann (1773–1809), carried out fieldworkcollecting plants, birds and insects. The museum received manydonations, but collections also grew through purchases and exchanges.The very first purchase was made in 1802, and it consisted of1920 minerals from the collection of J. C. W. Voigt (1752–1821).The next director of the museum, Carl Friedrich von Ledebour(1785–1851, director 1811–22), divided the museum’s collection intotwo parts: the zoological collection and the geological collection, andthey were placed into separate halls. All herbariums were handedover to the botanical garden. In 1820 the university established amuseum of mineralogy and in 1822 a separate museum for zoology.These museums were managed by the professors of mineralogy andthe professors of zoology, and the focus of collecting was linked totheir research work.From 1820 to 1841 the director of the museum of mineralogywas Otto Moritz Ludwig von Engelhard (1779–1842), who collectedthousands of minerals and rocks; the collections grew to 12 800 items.
His successor, Professor Constantin von Grewingk (1819–87) evenincreased the number of geological objects in the collection abouttwofold. The collection of meteorites grew from 3 pieces to 140 andthe museum of zoology handed over its paleontological collection. In1858 the museum moved into a new location and a new display ofcollections was made by Grewingk. In 1863 Grewingk published acollection catalogue for the wider public.The first director of the museum of zoology during 1822–31, ProfessorJohann Friedrich Eschscholtz (1793–1831), expanded thecollections through purchases and exchanges. Eschscholtz broughtabout 2 400 specimens from Kotzebue’s expedition around the world.Unfortunately, the museum lost its collections in the fire of 1829, andthe zoological collections had to be collected again. Professor AdolphEduard Grube (1812–80), director of the museum during 1843–56,set up a collection of invertebrates. Besides this, the museum receivedmany donations, and the number of specimens increased to 9 000.In the beginning of the 20th century there were already 16 648 specimensin the museum of zoology.Already from the beginning of 19th century the natural history collectionswere opened to the public. Several positive reviews are availablefrom German travellers, who visited Tartu and the museumsin the middle of the 19th century. There was a large exhibition aboutnatural and medical sciences including a display of the collections in1910. The exhibition was organized by professors and students, andmore than 4 600 people visited the exhibition in the university’s mainbuilding and the riding hall.In 1916, the University of Tartu had to evacuate all its propertyto central Russia, because of World War I. The collections of geology,zoology and botany were sent to Voronezh and Perm. According tothe peace treaty between the Estonian Republic and Soviet Russia in1920, the property of the university had to be returned, but most ofthe museum’s collections were not. The museum of geology got back2/3 of its paleontological collection and less than half of its mineralogicalcollection. The museum of zoology lost almost everything: only16 skeletons and stuffed animals and a few boxes with small mammalswere returned
Väikelaste kirjaoskuse areng ja selle toetamine varases koolieas
Get PDFKirjaoskuse arengut mõjutavad mitmed tegurid, mis avalduvad varakult, juba enne lapse kooliminekut. Laste kirjaoskuse arengu keelelisi ja kognitiivseid lähtekohti on põhjalikult uuritud. Samas on leitud, et laste kirjaoskuse arengut ja nende lugemishuvi mõjutavad oluliselt ka kirjaoskust toetav kodune keskkond ja õpetajate juhendamismeetodid. Kvaliteetset laste ja õpetajate vahelist interaktsiooni iseloomustavad emotsionaalselt toetavad suhted ja hästi korraldatud õppetöö, mis soodustavad laste lugemisoskuse arengut ja motivatsiooni, eriti lugemisraskustega lastel. Artiklis kirjeldatakse väikelaste kirjaoskuse arengut ja selle toetamise võimalusi varases koolieas.
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