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Decisional Institutional Analysis Development (DIAD) Framework
Get PDFDecisional Framework for Institutional Analysis and Development is based on conception of Agents as free adaptive complex systems; in this way, it shows process of interactions between Agents and how this influences achievement of permanence of organization over time; incorporating not only learning product of results, but also learning product of Agents’ decisions. This framework incorporates a decisional approach, bringing Agents to fore in reconciliation with institutions and contexts, making explicit their interactions and the decision itself as the basis of governance system. In this way, it helps to position elements that make up complexity of reality of organizations that share resources in common use to govern it.El Marco Decisional para el Análisis y Desarrollo Institucional se basa en la concepción de los Agentes como sistemas complejos adaptativos libres; de esta forma, muestra el proceso de interacción entre los Agentes y cómo este influye en el logro de la permanencia de la organización en el tiempo; incorporando no sólo el aprendizaje producto de los resultados, sino también el aprendizaje producto de las decisiones de los Agentes. Este marco incorpora un enfoque decisional, poniendo en primer plano a los Agentes en conciliación con las instituciones y los contextos, explicitando sus interacciones y la propia decisión como base del sistema de gobernanza. De esta forma, ayuda a posicionar elementos que componen la complejidad de la realidad de las organizaciones que comparten recursos de uso común para gobernarla
Un paradigma del modelo de gestión humanista en organizaciones e instituciones culturales (museos y el sector de la moda)
Get PDFThis proposal aims to expose different academic and professional aspects in the implementation of the theoretical teachings of Juan Antonio Pérez López (1994) carried out mainly by the authors of this work, specifically in the field of cultural organizations and institutions. Regarding to this, two specific fields of study are proposed applied to very recurrent extremes of current popular culture: museums and the fashion sector. Finally, updated research and future lines of work in the aforementioned fields are offered.La presente propuesta pretende exponer distintos aspectos académicos y profesionales en la implementación de las enseñanzas teóricas de Juan Antonio Pérez López (1994) realizada fundamentalmente por los autores de este trabajo, concretamente en el ámbito de las organizaciones e instituciones culturales. Relativo a esto último se proponen dos campos específicos de estudio aplicados a extremos muy recurrentes de la cultura popular actual: los museos y el sector de la moda. Finalmente se ofrece la actualidad de la investigación y las futuras líneas de trabajo en los ámbitos referidos
Approach for sustainability assessment for footbridge construction technologies: Application to the first world D-shape 3D-Printed fiber-reinforced mortar footbridge in Madrid.
Get PDFAs a means to improve sustainability in the construction sector, the 3D-printed concrete technologies (3DPCTs) are emerging as potential alternatives to traditional construction for reinforced concrete structural components. Traditional technologies are still used in most architecture and civil engineering applications, although D-shape technology for 3DPCTs (DS-3DPCT) has proven technically feasible for producing pilot structural elements such as footbridges. These pilots have been contextualized within research and industrial frameworks, in which relevant technical information is confidential and cost and environmental performance related conclusions are still to be validated and reported. Moreover, scarce research has been conducted on sustainability performance by DS-3DPCT, and that carried out is primarily incipient and focused on identifying governing indicators and some specific non-generalizable quantifications. Former studies ack dealing with sustainability by DS-3DPCT from a holistic and integrated perspective, which requires quantifying and coupling the three main economic, environmental and social pillars. This research project comprehensively develops a sustainability-oriented decision-making approach for assessing construction technologies for footbridges based on MIVES and Delphi method. The Castilla-La Mancha park DS-3DPCT footbridge constructed by ACCIONA S.A. in 2016 in Madrid was the representative case study to validate this approach applicability. The results quantify the case study as sustainable, with excellent values for greenhouse gas emissions reduction, generation of qualified jobs, benefits to brand, occupational risk prevention, and design flexibility. However, this DS-3DPCT requires more maturity in the technology to improve its economic values. This approach range of application might be extended to other structural typologies by introducing -when necessary-other relevant indicators and weights’ distributions
The impact of new European policies on the regulation of Spanish public service media: a decisive influence?
Get PDFThis study analyses the extent to which European legislation and, in particular, the latest regulatory initiatives for audiovisual media and for digital markets and services affect the regulation of public service media (PSM) in Spain. A three-fold analysis is performed using a document review methodology. Firstly, the influence of European competition policies on the origin, development and adaptation of PSM to the digital market is studied. Secondly, the transposition into Spanish law of the 2018 Audiovisual Media Services Directive (EU, 2018) is evaluated. Third and lastly, the impact of the draft European Acts referring to digital platforms on PSM in Spain and the European Union (European Commission, 2020a; 2020b) is analysed, as is that of the European Media Freedom Act (European Commission, 2022). The concept of Europeanisation (Harcourt, 2002) is taken as the basis for the assessment of such impact. The conclusions show that while the European regulatory umbrella is a necessary and influential framework, it is insufficient when it comes to understanding the regulatory and political development of PSM in Spain. The path dependence and circumstances of each country are crucial to understanding the why and how of specific regulation. There is European convergence on economic and competition policy protection issues, but not on political and cultural issues, such as the definition of PSM governance or structure, where the European Union’s influence is much weaker.Esta investigación analiza en qué medida la legislación europea, y especialmente las últimas iniciativas de regulación audiovisual y de los mercados y servicios digitales, afectan a la regulación de los Public Service Media (en adelante, PSM) en España. Se realiza un triple análisis con una metodología de revisión documental. En primer lugar, se estudia la influencia de las políticas europeas de la competencia en el origen, desarrollo y adaptación de los PSM al mercado digital. En segundo lugar, se evalúa la transposición a la legislación española de la Directiva de Servicios de Medios Audiovisuales de 2018 (UE, 2018). Y, por último, se analiza el impacto de los borradores de las normas europeas referidas a las plataformas digitales en los PSM en España y en la Unión Europea (Comisión Europea, 2020a; 2020b) y la Media Freedom Act (Comisión Europea, 2022). Se realiza una valoración de dicha influencia a partir del concepto de Europeización (Harcourt, 2002). Las conclusiones muestran cómo el paraguas normativo europeo es un marco necesario e influyente, pero insuficiente para entender el desarrollo regulatorio y político de los operadores públicos en España. Las circunstancias de cada país y el path dependence son fundamentales para entender el porqué y el cómo de la regulación. Mientras que en cuestiones económicas y de protección de la política de la competencia existe una convergencia europea, no ocurre lo mismo en cuestiones políticas y culturales como la definición de la gobernanza o de la estructura de los PSM, aspectos sobre los cuales la influencia de la UE es mucho menor
Training data journalists. An analysis of postgraduate programs in Spanish universities and the degrees of professionals
Get PDFThis article takes a closer look at the training of data journalists by examining in detail the postgraduate courses offered in Spanish universities. The starting point is a systematic compilation of the official degrees in this field that can be found in the databases of the Spanish Ministry of Universities, as well as a comparative analysis of the existing degrees for two academic years (2020/2021 and 2022/2023). This quantitative study is complemented by a survey of Spanish-speaking data journalism professionals about their training. The goal of this research is to shed light on current training in this discipline, which is one of the most promising for the future of journalism. The findings reflect an emerging but still evolving educational landscape consisting of fourteen specialised data journalism degree programmes, all of which will be offered as postgraduate programmes in the 2022/2023 academic year. These postgraduate programmes are primarily internal and offered by private universities. However, our survey of professionals showed that only 7% of communication specialists have training in this journalistic field. Consequently, Spain is one of the countries where data journalism has not yet fully taken hold in newsrooms due to a lack of adequate training and appropriately trained professionals.Este artículo profundiza en la formación de los periodistas de datos examinando en detalle la oferta de posgrados en las universidades españolas. El punto de partida es una recopilación sistemática de los títulos oficiales en este campo encontrados en las bases de datos del Ministerio de Universidades de España, así como un análisis comparativo de los títulos existentes para dos cursos académicos (2020/2021 y 2022/2023). Este estudio cuantitativo se complementa con una encuesta a profesionales del periodismo de datos de habla hispana sobre su formación. El objetivo de esta investigación es arrojar luz sobre la formación actual en esta disciplina, una de las más prometedoras para el futuro del periodismo. Los hallazgos reflejan un panorama educativo emergente, pero aún en evolución, que consta de catorce programas de grado de periodismo de datos especializados, todos ofrecidos como programas de posgrado en el año académico 2022/2023. Estos programas de posgrado son principalmente másteres no oficiales y organizados por universidades privadas. Sin embargo, nuestra encuesta a profesionales mostró que solo el 7 % de los especialistas en comunicación tienen formación en este campo periodístico. En consecuencia, España es uno de los países donde el periodismo de datos aún no se ha afianzado del todo en las redacciones por falta de formación adecuada y de profesionales debidamente formados
News website users in Mexico: factors influencing their loyalty
Get PDFRecent technological advances have significantly impacted news media in the way they provide news to the public, evolving into a digital environment. Therefore, digital media today focuses on generating readers’ loyalty to their news websites. In this sense, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out on a sample of 344 surveys of adult residents in the cities of Mexico and Monterrey. The results show that factors such as familiarity, satisfaction and reputation are positively related to the loyalty of news website users. However, they also show that the importance of the impact of these factors is different when the analysis is carried out in a stratified manner, such as residence, gender or education, which allows us to conclude that digital media can guide their loyalty efforts depending on the profile of their readers and the market they seek to target. To illustrate focusing on stratification by place of residence, the most significant factors for the Mexico City group corresponded to familiarity and satisfaction, wile for the Monterrey group the most significant factors were reputation and familiarity in that order. Results with this type of differences between groups were also obtained when comparing by gender and schooling. It is recommended for future research on the subject, to include other cities within the country, with the purpose of contrasting these paper’s findings
Nurtured and sorrowful: Positive and negative emotional appeals in early COVID-19 themed brand communications
Get PDFThis study examines the prevalence of emotional appeals in COVID-19-themed brand advertisements from around the world in the months immediately following the World Health Organization’s declaration of the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. The study analyses the frequencies of use of positive and negative emotional appeals in the content of the ads, and concurrent combinations of such appeals. A content analysis was conducted on a sample of 376 ads from the “Ads of The World” digital archive. The results reveal a preference for positive emotions, with nurturance and affiliation being the most frequent. Sorrow was the third most preferred emotional appeal, and the most used negative emotion. Some brands have compared the virus to a hurricane (Brazil), an assassin with a chainsaw (US) or the death personified (Peru). Advertisers should be careful when using negative emotional appeal content during COVID-19. According to the law of apparent reality, during times of stress the recommendation is to be cautious with negative emotions, as they may be felt more intensely by consumers. Advertising has a social responsibility, which can be directed at promoting consumer behaviours that leave a positive or negative impact on their communities. In a situation such as the pandemic, brand communication professionals must use emotions rigorously, employing this resource to contribute to society, avoiding giving rise to harmful attitudes or behaviours. The research findings are consistent with the literature and lead to future examination of emotional appeals in advertising in stressful and uncertain circumstances
Predictors of total mortality and their differential association on premature or late mortality in the SUN cohort
Get PDFSeveral studies have tried to analyse the association between all-cause mortality and different risk factors, (especially those which are modifiable, such as smoking, diet or exercise), to develop public health preventive strategies. However, a specific analysis of predictors of premature and late mortality is needed to give more precise recommendations. Considering that there are risk factors which exert an influence on some diseases and not on others, we expect that, similarly, they may have a different impact depending on the timing of mortality, separating premature (65 years). Thus, we prospectively followed-up during a median of 12 years a cohort of 20,272 university graduates comprising an ample range of ages at inception. Time-dependent, covariate-adjusted Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for each predictor. The strongest independent predictor of mortality at any age was physical activity which was associated with reduced risk of total, premature and late mortality (range of HRs when comparing the highest vs. the lowest level: 0.24 to 0.48). Specific strong predictors for premature mortality were smoking, HR: 4.22 (95 % CI: 2.42-7.38), and the concurrence of >2 metabolic conditions at baseline, HR: 1.97 (1.10-3.51). The habit of sleeping a long nap (>30 min/d), with HR: 2.53 (1.30-4.91), and poor adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (6 points), with HR: 2.27 (1.08-4.76), were the strongest specific predictors for late mortality. Smoking, diet quality or lifestyles, probably should be differen-tially assessed as specific predictors for early and late mortality. In the era of precision medicine, this approach will allow tailored recommendations appropriate to each person's age and baseline condition
La teoría de Juan Antonio Pérez López: sus fundamentos, su desarrollo, su contribución y su metodología
Get PDFThis article briefly sets out the foundations of organization theory as developed by Juan Antonio Pérez López, who was a professor at IESE (1962/96) and its dean (1978/84). The foundations of this theory are analyzed: the questions that he asked himself as a professor of Control Systems, and the works of various authors, among which Barnard and Selznick stand out, in addition to classical Aristotelian philosophy. We then show his contribution going beyond these authors ; and we end with a defense of his methodological position, which is not the most currently accepted today. Este artículo expone brevemente los fundamentos de la teoría de la organización tal como la desarrolló Juan Antonio Pérez López, que fue profesor del IESE (1962/96) y director general del mismo (1978/84). Se analizan los fundamentos de esta teoría: las preguntas que se formulaba como profesor de Sistemas de control, y las obras de diversos autores, entre los que destacan Barnard y Selznick, además de la filosofía clásica aristotélica. Vemos después lo que él aportó yendo más allá de estos autores; y finalizamos con una defensa de su posición metodológica, contrastándola con la más aceptada actualmente
A Multilevel Analysis of the representations of Technology in «Years and Years»
Get PDFThe analysis of science fiction narratives is valuable to explore possible futures. This article analyzes the representation of technology in the television series Years and Years (2019), a co-production by the BBC and HBO created by Russell T Davies. This audiovisual narrative depicts key problems of the present in a representation of the near future, enabling the identification of new socio-technological paradigms. We applied the method of Causal Layered Analysis (CLA), a prospective analytical tool used both for the study of diverse current phenomena and for the design of possible futures, which includes the levels of the litany, systemic causes, discourse/world vision, and myth/metaphor. The analysis showed that Years and Years offers a vision of a world in chaos, based on a global capitalist and technological project that threatens fundamental rights, and the existence of the human species. In the series, technologies are imbibed in all the fundamental systems of Western societies, pushing common people into obsolescence. Three narratives uphold the myth of the dominion of science and technology: the technological transcendence of human beings, the irrelevance of humans before technology, and the ubiquitous panopticon of digitized power. Through its bleak version of the future Y&Y puts into focus aspects of technological development that make us reflect critically and urgently about the present