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María Luisa Pro / Francisco Javier Sancho (eds.), Santa Teresa de Jesús, mujer excepcional: 50 aniversario del Doctorado de Santa Teresa, Monte Carmelo, Burgos 2022, 503 pp. [RESEÑA]
Get PDFImplementation of a model for detection and classification of brain tumours in magnetic resonance imaging using convolutional neural networks
No full textAccurate detection and classification of brain tumours in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. This research paper presents the implementation of a comprehensive model for the detection and classification of brain tumours using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on T1-weighted MRI scans. The project encompasses the development of a data preprocessing pipeline, including data normalisation, train/validation/test set splitting, and organisation into a suitable directory structure. The pipeline ensures the creation of a balanced and representative dataset for training and evaluating the CNN-based tumour classification model. The tumour detection and classification algorithm utilize CNNs to analyse preprocessed T1-weighted MRI data. The 3D CNN model leverages the spatial information encoded in the MRI volumes to accurately identify and classify brain tumours. TensorFlow, a popular deep learning library, is employed for developing and training the 3D CNN model. The model's performance is evaluated using appropriate metrics such as accuracy, precision, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in detecting and classifying brain tumours in T1-weighted MRI scans, with high accuracy and discriminatory power. Overall, the implementation of this model for brain tumour detection and classification in T1-weighted MRI scans provides a valuable tool for medical professionals and researchers. The model's accuracy and efficiency contribute to improved diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of brain tumours, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes
Salvador Cabot, TOR, Franciscanismo, trigo y cizaña: Novelesca historia de la TOR, Franciscanos TOR, Palma 2022, 2 vols., 592 y 518 pp. [RESEÑA]
Get PDFIntervenciones de enfermería para la familia cuidadora de un paciente con cáncer
Get PDFIntroducción: La enfermedad del cáncer va a ir en aumento en los próximos años, debido al
incremento de la población, del envejecimiento y de la exposición a comportamientos de riesgo. Es la
principal causa de muerte en el mundo. Afecta tanto al paciente como a la familia, por ello es
necesario llevar a cabo intervenciones de enfermería dirigidas a la familia para satisfacer sus
necesidades.
Objetivos: Realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de las intervenciones de enfermería para la
familia cuidadora con un paciente con cáncer.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed y CINAHL durante
los meses de octubre a diciembre del 2022.
Resultados: Se identificaron cinco tipos de intervenciones: Intervención de conversación terapéutica,
intervención psicoeducativa, mindfulness, musicoterapia e intervención educativa y apoyo. Todas ellas
tuvieron un impacto positivo en distintas esferas de la persona.
Conclusiones: Las intervenciones de enfermería ayudan a sobrellevar mejor el proceso de
enfermedad oncológica y logran una reducción de la ansiedad y angustia. Por ello, es importante
seguir investigando para poder utilizarlas en la práctica clínica.Introduction: Cancer disease is set to increase in the upcoming years, due to population growth,
ageing and exposure to risk behaviours. It is the leading cause of death in the world. It affects both the
patient and the family, so it is necessary to carry out nursing interventions aimed at the family to meet
their needs.
Objective: To conduct a literature review of nursing interventions for the family caregiver with a cancer
patient.
Methodology: A literature review was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL databases during October
to December 2022.
Results: Five types of interventions were identified: Therapeutic conversation intervention,
psychoeducational intervention, mindfulness, music therapy and educational intervention and support.
All of them had a positive impact on different spheres of the person.
Conclusions: Nursing interventions help to cope better with the cancer disease process and obtain a
reduction in anxiety and distress. Therefore, further research is important in order to be able to use
them in clinical practice
Glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor modulation present unique electrophysiological fingerprints in a concentration-dependent and region-specific manner
Get PDFSignificance Statement Excitatory-inhibitory balance (EIB) is compromised in neurologic disorders. Our study demonstrates that pharmacologically-induced effects on EIB can be quantified by decomposing the quantitative electroence-phalography (qEEG) power spectrum signal into the oscillatory periodic and the 1/f aperiodic components. MK-801 and diazepam showed distinct signatures across brain regions and EEG components. Specific features of these components are sensitive to relatively small changes in measured exposure. This methodological ap-proach and the features identified as sensitive to EIB modulation could be key for the development of new therapies and functional biomarkers in disorders with excitatory-inhibitory imbalance.Brain function depends on complex circuit interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons embedded in local and long-range networks. Systemic GABAA-receptor (GABAAR) or NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) modulation alters the excitatory-inhibitory balance (EIB), measurable with electroencephalography (EEG). However, EEG sig-natures are complex in localization and spectral composition. We developed and applied analytical tools to in-vestigate the effects of two EIB modulators, MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) and diazepam (GABAAR modulator), on periodic and aperiodic EEG features in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. We investigated how, across three brain regions, EEG features are correlated with EIB modulation. We found that the periodic component was composed of seven frequency bands that presented region-dependent and compound-dependent changes. The aperiodic component was also different between compounds and brain regions. Importantly, the parametri-zation into periodic and aperiodic components unveiled correlations between quantitative EEG and plasma con-centrations of pharmacological compounds. MK-801 exposures were positively correlated with the slope of the aperiodic component. Concerning the periodic component, MK-801 exposures correlated negatively with the peak frequency of low -y oscillations but positively with those of high -y and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). As for the power, 0 and low -y oscillations correlated negatively with MK-801, whereas mid -y correlated posi-tively. Diazepam correlated negatively with the knee of the aperiodic component, positively to f3 and negatively to low -y oscillatory power, and positively to the modal frequency of 0 , low -y , mid -y , and high -y. In conclusion, correlations between exposures and pharmacodynamic effects can be better-understood thanks to the paramet-rization of EEG into periodic and aperiodic components. Such parametrization could be key in functional bio-marker discovery
Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein as a non-invasive biomarker for pediatric acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein (LRG1) in pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA). We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the main databases of medical bibliography. Two independent reviewers selected the articles and extracted relevant data. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS2 index. A synthesis of the results, standardization of the metrics and 4 random-effect meta-analyses were performed. Eight studies with data from 712 participants (305 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PAA and 407 controls) were included in this review. The random-effect meta-analysis of serum LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 46.76 ¿g/mL (29.26-64.26). The random-effect meta-analysis for unadjusted urinary LRG1 (PAA vs control) resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.61 ¿g/mL (0.30-0.93). The random-effect meta-analysis (PAA vs control) for urinary LRG1 adjusted for urinary creatinine resulted in a significant mean difference (95% CI) of 0.89 g/mol (0.11-1.66). Conlusion: Urinary LRG1 emerges as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of PAA. On the other hand, due to the high between-study heterogeneity, the results on serum LRG1 should be interpreted with caution. The only study that analyzed salivary LRG1 showed promising results. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. What is Known: ¿ Pediatric acute appendicitis continues to be a pathology with a high rate of diagnostic error. ¿ Invasive tests, although useful, are a source of stress for patients and their parents. What is New: ¿ LRG1 emerges as a promising urinary and salivary biomarker for the noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric acute appendicitis
Semblanzas, hagiografías y recusaciones: la evolución de la historia de la arquitectura en los últimos 30 años
Get PDFEl artículo aborda la evolución de la relación entre la arquitectura, la historia y la crítica en las últimas tres décadas a través de una revisión de las publicaciones más relevantes del periodo. Se describen los cambios en la teorización y la valoración de la historia en la disciplina, así como la evolución de los formatos en la difusión de contenidos. La investigación constata el fenómeno por el que la abundante obra culta y heterogénea que ha caracterizado estos años, fruto del proceso de globalización reciente, ha aupado a la monografía de arquitectura como género preferente, si bien en actual declive debido a los nuevos modos de difusión de contenidos. Además, el texto se plantea cómo podría evolucionar esta intuida situación de la historia con relación a la disciplina, que muy probablemente implique una reducción en el número de publicaciones de arquitecturas de autor en favor de soluciones centradas en otros debates.The article addresses the evolution of the relationship between architecture, history and criticism in the last three decades through a review of the most relevant publications of the period. It describes the changes in the theorisation and valuation of history in the discipline, as well as the evolution of formats in the dissemination of content. The research confirms the phenomenon according to which the abundance of cultured and heterogeneous works that has characterised these years, as a consequence of the recent process of globalisation, has boosted the architectural monograph as a preferred genre, although it is currently in decline due to the new modes of content dissemination. Furthermore, the text considers how this intuited situation of history in relation to the discipline might evolve, which will most probably imply a reduction in the number of publications of authorial architectures in favour of solutions centred on other debates
Detailed dosimetric evaluation of inter-fraction and respiratory motion in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy based on daily 4D cone beam CT images.
No full textObjective. Periodic respiratory motion and inter-fraction variations are sources of geometric uncertainty in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of pulmonary lesions. This study extensively evaluates and validates the separate and combined dosimetric effect of both factors using 4D-CT and daily 4D-cone beam CT (CBCT) dose accumulation scenarios.Approach. A first cohort of twenty early stage or metastatic disease lung cancer patients were retrospectively selected to evaluate each scenario. The planned-dose (3DRef) was optimized on a 3D mid-position CT. To estimate the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion (4DRef), inter-fractional variations (3DAcc) and the combined effect of both factors (4DAcc), three dose accumulation scenarios based on 4D-CT, daily mid-cone beam CT (CBCT) position and 4D-CBCT were implemented via CT-CT/CT-CBCT deformable image registration (DIR) techniques. Each scenario was compared to 3DRef.A separate cohort of ten lung SBRT patients was selected to validate DIR techniques. The distance discordance metric (DDM) was implemented per voxel and per patient for tumor and organs at risk (OARs), and the dosimetric impact for CT-CBCT DIR geometric errors was calculated.Main results.Median and interquartile range (IQR) of the dose difference per voxel were 0.05/2.69 Gy and -0.12/2.68 Gy for3DAcc-3DRefand4DAcc-3DRef.For4DRef-3DRefthe IQR was considerably smaller -0.15/0.78 Gy. These findings were confirmed by dose volume histogram parameters calculated in tumor and OARs. For CT-CT/CT-CBCT DIR validation, DDM (95th percentile) was highest for heart (6.26 mm)/spinal cord (8.00 mm), and below 3 mm for tumor and the rest of OARs. The dosimetric impact of CT-CBCT DIR errors was below 2 Gy for tumor and OARs.Significance. The dosimetric impact of inter-fraction variations were shown to dominate those of periodic respiration in SBRT for pulmonary lesions. Therefore, treatment evaluation and dose-effect studies would benefit more from dose accumulation focusing on day-to-day changes then those that focus on respiratory motion
Lección 9. Administración y sector público estatal
No full text1. EL SECTOR PÚBLICO ESTATAL. 2. LA REGULACIÓN DEL SECTOR PÚBLICO ESTATAL. 3. LA ADMINISTRACIÓN GENERAL DEL ESTADO: 3.1 El prototipo de Administración pública general; 3.2 La dirección gubernamental. 4. LA ORGANIZACIÓN CENTRAL: 4.1 La estructura orgánica; 4.2. Los titulares de órganos directivos; 4.3 Las responsabilidades de los órganos superiores y directivos. 5. LA ORGANIZACIÓN TERRITORIAL.
6. LA ADMINISTRACIÓN GENERAL DEL ESTADO EN EL EXTERIOR. 7. LAS ORGANIZACIONES ESTATALES ESPECIALIZADAS. 8. LAS ORGANIZACIONES ESTATALES ESPECIALIZADAS DEPENDIENTES: 8.1. Los caracteres generales; 8.2. Los organismos públicos comunes: 8.2.1. Los organismos autónomos; 8.2.2. Las entidades públicas empresariales; 8.2.3. Las agencias estatales: 8.3. Los organismos públicos sectoriales; 8.4. Los organismos públicos de cooperación: los consorcios; 8.5. Las entidades públicas de Derecho privado: 8.5.1. Las sociedades mercantiles estatales; 8.5.2. Las fundaciones del sector público estatal; 8.6. Los fondos sin personalidad jurídica. 9. LAS ORGANIZACIONES ESTATALES ESPECIALIZADAS SEPARADAS: 9.1. Las autoridades administrativas independientes de regulación o supervisión; 9.2. Las organizaciones de participación o prestación dotadas de autonomía; 9.3. Las universidades públicas no transferidas; 9.4. Las organizaciones de soporte de funciones constitucionales; 9.5. Las corporaciones sectoriales de base privada. 10. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 10.1. Bibliografía citada; 10.2. Bibliografía complementaria recomendada
De proyecto a proceso. Trayectorias posibles para un proyecto urbano basado en la escucha
Get PDFDesde hace varias décadas, la palabra “participación” se ha convertido en leitmotiv en cualquier esfera que afecte al interés público. Como sucedió en los años ’70 del siglo pasado, también hoy la arquitectura y el urbanismo tratan de definir su papel en este ámbito. Un papel que debe ir mucho más allá de la mera transcripción de la voluntad de la ciudadanía, o del rol que se le asigna en los procesos participativos oficiales vinculados a la planificación urbana. La pregunta es, entonces, cómo incorporar “la escucha” a los proyectos, sean arquitectónicos o urbanos, sin que estos pierdan su dimensión creativa. Y en la búsqueda de una respuesta se hace necesario abrir la mirada a otras formas de hacer. En un contexto como el urbano, en el que la terminología en relación con la participación se está multiplicando exponencialmente, el presente artículo trata de clarificar los distintos procesos existentes, encontrando claves de acción dirigidas a poner de nuevo el foco en la persona, transformando los proyectos urbanos en procesos capaces de escuchar, e interpretar lo escuchado en propuestas que devuelvan nuestras ciudades a la escala humana.For several decades now, the word “participation” has become a leitmotiv in any sphere affecting the public interest. As happened
in the 1970s, architecture and urban planning are now trying to define their role in this field. A role that must go far beyond the mere
transcription of the will of the citizenry, or the role assigned to it in official participatory processes linked to urban planning. The question
is, then, how to incorporate “listening” into projects, be they architectural or urban, without them losing their creative dimension. And
in the search for an answer, it is necessary to open our eyes to other ways of doing things. In a context such as the urban context, in
which terminology in relation to participation is multiplying exponentially, this article attempts to clarify the different existing processes,
finding keys to action aimed at putting the focus back on the person, transforming urban projects into processes capable of listening
and interpreting what is heard through proposals that return our cities to the human scale