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How do clinical and socioeconomic factors impact on work disability in early axial spondyloarthritis? Five-year data from the DESIR cohort
No full textA commentary on ‘The ecological dynamics of cognizant action in sport’ by Araújo et al. (2025)
No full textIn the 25 th anniversary issue of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Araújo et al. (2025) offer a new theory of the ecological dynamics of cognizant action in sport. The approach builds on previous fundamental assumptions of ecological dynamics, where performance is conceptualised as the process of perceiving and acting, thereby avoiding the need for the brain as a mediator. The authors extend concepts of ecological dynamics with an increased focus on the intentionality of this process and the role of the performer's skill, suggesting that a skilled performer is someone who tends to consistently achieve the goal of a given task in a specific socio-cultural setting, and 'performance' is the process of perceiving and acting guided by intentionality that leads to a movement that achieves this skill under a given set of constraints. In this commentary, I aim to provide a concise summary of my understanding of what this theory of cognizant action adds to previous approaches, discuss the fundamental differences between this approach and others in the field, and how, despite these differences, it offers similar methodological implications. I offer some thoughts on how new technologies could be utilised to achieve these methodological goals and ultimately argue that theoretical debate and diverse perspectives may be a sign of a healthy field. </p
What retrospective and dynamic assessments tell us about youth depression: A network analysis perspective
No full textPurpose: Traditional assessments of depressive symptoms often rely on retrospective self-reports, which may be affected by cognitive and memory biases. Few studies have compared retrospective and dynamic (real-time) assessments to examine the consistency and structure of depressive symptom reporting. This study aimed to compare retrospective and dynamic assessments of depressive symptoms in youth using network analysis to explore symptom-level associations and clustering.Methods: Ninety Brazilian adolescents and young adults (mean age = 18 years), with and without depression, completed the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) every other day for 14 days via a smartphone-based chatbot (dynamic assessment). At the end of the 2-week period, they completed the same questionnaire retrospectively. Network analyses were conducted using Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Dynamic Exploratory Analysis (DEA) to identify symptom communities and compare network structures across both assessment methods.Results: Both retrospective and dynamic assessments revealed three symptom communities; however, the composition and structure of these communities differed. Retrospective assessments showed stronger connections among cognitive symptoms, while dynamic assessments displayed a more balanced distribution, with stronger associations between somatic and affective symptoms.Implications: Findings highlight significant differences in depressive symptom networks between retrospective and dynamic assessments. Dynamic methods may offer less biased and more ecologically valid insights into youth depression, underscoring the importance of real-time data collection in clinical assessment and research
Spinoza and India:The Question of Influence
No full textThroughout the history of Spinoza reception, from Bayle’s Dictionnaire to contemporary scholarship, comparisons have been drawn between Spinozism and Hindu philosophies. This reception history is characterised by ‘comparativism’: a comparative approach based on the tacit assumption that Spinoza could not have been influenced by Indian ideas. However, those ideas were in principle accessible to Spinoza in Abraham Rogerius’s De Open-Deure tot het Verborgen Heydendom (The Open Door to the Hidden Heathen World), an ethnographic study of South Indian religion and philosophy published in Leiden in 1651. De Open-Deure also contains the first Sanskrit texts to be transmitted in a European language. Recognised by historians as a “pioneering account of Hinduism”, De Open-Deure has been overlooked by Spinoza scholars. This paper considers for the first time the hypothesis that Spinoza encountered Indian ideas via Rogerius’s book. While the textual and historical evidence is inconclusive, it is sufficient to present a significant challenge to comparativism. Taking seriously the question of influence has significance not only for Spinoza scholarship, but also for the history of modern philosophy
Does Global Value Chain Participation Matter for Economic Upgrading? A Nonlinear Insight
No full textIn recent decades, global value chains (GVCs) have come to dominate much of world trade. Participation in GVCs is widely regarded as a key driver of development by enabling countries to climb the value-added ladder. However, tighter governance structures within GVCs can make these benefits uncertain. This paper investigates the dynamic impact of GVC participation on economic upgrading using a semiparametric smooth coefficient model with panel data from 62 countries over 1995–2018. We uncover a novel N-shaped nonlinear relationship between GVC participation and economic upgrading, extending beyond the linear or U-shaped patterns found in earlier research. This relationship reveals three stages: initial learning with rising upgrading effects, an intermediate ‘upgrading trap’ with declining effects, and an advanced breakthrough stage with renewed rise. Decomposing transmission mechanisms shows that while GVC participation imposes output efficiency costs, it enhances upgrading by improving input factor productivities. Critically, forward linkage participation proves more effective than backward linkage for escaping the upgrading trap. Middle-income countries exhibit the strongest internal input factor efficiency gains from GVC participation alongside the highest dispersion in overall outcomes. These findings offer policy insights for designing openness and industry policies tailored to a country's development stage and GVC position.</p
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa:A Systematic Review
Get PDFImportanceRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare monogenic blistering disorder with wide clinical heterogeneity, ranging from localized skin fragility to life-limiting systemic complications. Understanding genotype-phenotype correlations in COL7A1, the causative gene, is critical for clinical prognostication, genetic counseling, and the rational design of emerging molecular therapies.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of genotypic and phenotypic subtypes, and to assess whether variant type or location can predict phenotypic severity and extracutaneous complications in patients with RDEB carrying homozygous variants.Evidence ReviewThis was a systematic review of all RDEB genotypes and phenotypes reported to the International Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Patient Registry (DEB Registry) and eligible studies published in English from May 1993 to September 2025. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched and eligible studies were reviewed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020) guidelines. Included studies reported bi-allelic COL7A1 variants and clinical phenotypes. Data from the DEB Registry were cross-checked to supplement the published cases. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses, and Fisher exact and χ2 methods were used to test additional genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with RDEB carrying homozygous variants.Findings A total of 1802 patients with RDEB comprising 1002 pathogenic variants within COL7A1 were identified from 217 articles. Among the 706 patients with homozygous variants (mean [SD; range] age, 12.2 [13.0; 0-72] years), 533 (75.5%) had severe RDEB, most frequently associated with frameshift and nonsense variants (388 [72.8%] premature termination codons [PTCs]). In contrast, intermediate and milder subtypes were associated with missense or non-PTC variants. Variant location also influenced phenotype: homozygous variants affecting the noncollagenous 1 domain were associated with severe RDEB in 74 of 83 unique variants (89.2%). Extracutaneous involvement clustered in homozygous PTC carriers and was observed almost exclusively in severe RDEB, with occasional cases in the intermediate subtype and rare instances in the inversa, localized, and self-improving subtypes. Recurrent and population-specific variants suggested founder effects. Splice site and missense variants showed phenotypic variability, with augmented intelligence−based predictions correlating with severity.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, the type and site of pathogenic variants in COL7A1 correlated with the severity of RDEB phenotype across different nationalities, races, and ethnicities. These findings may provide improved patient prognosis, genetic counseling, and personalized therapeutics
3D Simulation of AC Loss in a 114-filament MgB<sub>2</sub> Wire at 20 K
Get PDFIn future electric aircraft applications employing all-superconducting rotating machines, round multifilamentary magnesium diboride (MgB 2) wires are a preferrable material for lowering AC loss, due to their small filaments at the macron level and tight twist pitch. Our previous work has investigated AC loss behavior in a 54-filament MgB 2 wire with a filament radius of 12.5 μm, where the filament size was found not ideal for loss reduction. In this work, 3-D AC loss simulations of a twisted, nonmagnetic 114-filament MgB 2 wire with a 5 μm filament radius at 20 K are performed using H-formulation. Three types of AC losses are studied: 1) Transport loss only (Q t0, with current levels up to 90% of its self-field critical current I c0), 2) magnetization loss only (Q m0, with AC field amplitudes and frequencies up to 2 T and 200 Hz, respectively), 3) total AC loss carrying AC current exposed to AC field (Q total, with AC field also up to 2 T and current levels up to 40% of I c0). Simulation results show that, for the Q m0, the simulated hysteresis loss Q h of a 5-mm twist pitch, 114-filament wire at 50 Hz, and 200 Hz matches the analytical hysteresis loss equation for a cylindrical superconductor, scaled by 114 (the number of filaments), when B m ≤ 0.5 T. Increasing the twist pitch (5 mm versus 10 mm) and filament size (5 μm in the 114-filament wire versus 12.5 μm in the 54-filament wire) leads to a higher Q m0 due to the coupling effect. Moreover, the simulated Q total of the 114-filament wire range from 0.22 to 7.48 W/cm3 for i ≤ 0.4 and B m ≤ 0.5 T operated at 200 Hz.</p