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Features of the partition function of a Λ > 0 universe
Get PDFWe consider properties of the gravitational path integral,, of a four-dimensional gravitational effective field theory with Λ > 0 at the quantum level. To leading order, is dominated by a four-sphere saddle subject to small fluctuations. Beyond this, receives contributions from additional geometries that may include Einstein metrics of positive curvature. We discuss how a general positive curvature Einstein metric contributes to at one-loop level. Along the way, we discuss Einstein-Maxwell theory with Λ > 0, and identify an interesting class of closed non-Einstein gravitational instantons. We provide a detailed study for the specific case of which is distinguished as the saddle with second largest volume and positive definite tensor eigenspectrum. We present exact one-loop results for scalar particles, Maxwell theory, and Einstein gravity about the Fubini-Study metric on.</p
Future Care Planning for and by Older Adults Living in the Community:A Scoping Review
No full textIn this scoping review, our aim was to compile empirical studies, outside of an institutionalized care context, that discuss future care planning (FCP) at old age for and by older adults living in the community. We define FCP as planning behaviours and decisions made in anticipation of a forthcoming period of life in which comprehensive care and support (i.e., financial, emotional, instrumental, and personal) become necessary due to aging and declining health. The search was conducted in eight databases and was limited to empirical papers published in English between 2000 and 2023. Only 12 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The included studies were analysed narratively. The results were structured around six themes: (i) plans about who will provide care in the future when one no longer has the ability to do so themselves; (ii) plans about future housing and living arrangements; (iii) future financial planning; (iv) plans related to future health issues; (v) values communication as a means for planning; and (vi) the impact of formal care systems on FCP. Results highlight significant variability in how FCP is approached and call for further studies on this topic in light of not only demographic changes but also due to contextual differences in care provision and care expectations.</p
Correction to Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the United States from 2021 to 2024:Data from the National Health Interview Survey [Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2026 Feb;94(2)633-635]
No full textNavigating Just Transitions: Trade Union Strategies and Climate Delay in North Sea Energy Politics
Get PDFThis article investigates conditions under which just transition (JT) – a union concept reconciling worker protection with environmental imperatives – becomes entangled in the dynamics of climate delay within North Sea energy politics. Drawing on interviews with trade union representatives and environmental actors in Norway and the UK, we examine how unions navigate energy transitions through strategies that both reinforce and challenge climate delay. Our analysis reveals a critical paradox: both institutionalised inclusion (Norway) and exclusion (UK) lead to delay through different mechanisms. Norwegian unions, embedded within corporatist arrangements, maintain consensus against timetabled phaseout through strategic avoidance. UK exclusion produces fragmented union strategies and undermines implementation and trust. Yet neither outcome is fixed: UK fragmentation creates insurgent potential; Norwegian consensus masks emerging divisions. These dynamics – shaped by historical experiences, structural positioning and institutional constraints – underscore unions' contradictory capacity to either reproduce fossil capital relations or challenge them through coordinated labour strategies and cross-movement coalitions
Combining neurobiological markers and a sociodemographic risk score to predict adolescent depression – An IDEA RiSCo prospective cohort study
No full textThe prevention of adolescent depression is a critical global challenge, hindered by the difficulty of identifying those at increased risk. We previously developed a sociodemographic-based risk score (IDEA-RS), which has proven to successfully predict depression onset in adolescents across five continents. This study aims to 1) improve the predictive accuracy by integrating biological and sociodemographic factors, and 2) generate a biological risk score, by combining biological information, to complement IDEA-RS. Derived from screening over 7000 adolescents aged 14-16 years old in Brazil, we recruited 100 adolescents representing the extremes of the sociodemographic risk score and including 50 adolescents at low-risk and 50 at high-risk of developing depression according to IDEA-RS. Baseline blood samples and fMRI scan were performed to measure selected biological markers: cytokines, kynurenine pathway metabolites and amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli. Adolescents were followed up over three years to identify those who would transition to develop depression. The primary outcome of depression incidence was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). A composite biological risk score (IDEA-BIO-RS) was created incorporating the above biomarkers. Combining biological factors with IDEA-RS significantly improved the accuracy of predicting depression onset compared with IDEA-RS alone. Among adolescents classified as high-risk by both IDEA-RS and IDEA-BIO-RS, 44% developed depression over three years, while none of those classified as low-risk by both scores developed depression. This combined approach shows promise as a screening tool to identify adolescents at risk of developing depression and aid in prevention efforts.
The effect of retirement on cardiovascular disease:evidence from European countries
No full textObjectivesRetirement marks a pivotal life stage for many individuals. As older adults transition into retirement, changes in lifestyle, income, and social networks can significantly influence their health and well-being. This study investigates the short-, medium-, and long-term relationship between retirement and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions among older adults.MethodsUsing individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we employed a Fixed Effects Instrumental Variable (FE-IV) approach to estimate the impact of retirement on CVD and to further explore the underlying mechanisms and potential heterogeneity in these effects.ResultsOur findings suggest that within 2 years of retirement, there is an increase in the probability of having a heart attack, but retirement does not exert a significant impact on heart attacks in the medium and longer term. We found no evidence that changes in metabolic or behavioral risk factors account for this short-term increase in cardiovascular risk. Although retirement is associated with a decline in mental health, our results show that this pathway explains only a very small proportion of the observed effect on heart attacks.DiscussionThe rise in CVD incidence underscores the importance of monitoring individuals during the transition out of the labor force, particularly among groups that appear more vulnerable, such as women, individuals with lower levels of education, and blue-collar workers. These findings also emphasize the need to reconsider the mechanisms through which retirement influences health
Transfemoral TAVI for Severe Aortic Stenosis in a Patient With Prior Tendyne TMVR:Expanding the Boundaries of Transcatheter Valve Therapy
No full textExploring the Design of GenAI-Based Systems to Support Socially Shared Metacognition
No full textSocially shared metacognition (SSM) refers to the collective monitoring and regulation of joint cognitive processes in collaborative problem-solving, and is essential for effective knowledge work and learning. Generative AI (GenAI)-based systems offer new opportunities to support SSM, but emerging evidence suggests that poorly designed systems can encourage over-reliance on AI-generated explicit instruction and erode groups' capacity to develop autonomous regulatory processes. Group awareness tools (GATs) address this challenge through established design principles that make social and cognitive awareness information visible, highlight differences between group members to create cognitive conflict, and trigger autonomous elaboration and discussion, thereby implicitly guiding autonomous SSM emergence. This paper explores the design of GenAI-augmented GATs to support autonomous SSM in collaborative work and learning through an initial literature search, presenting preliminary design principles for discussion
Classification of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using sinus rhythm electrocardiograms using the symmetric projection attractor reconstruction method
No full textAtrial fibrillation is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia, increasing stroke risk and mortality. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) can be challenging to detect because arrhythmias occur intermittently. We have been able to classify PAF patients from sinus rhythm electrocardiograms (ECG), using a signal processing technique, Symmetric Projector Attractor Reconstruction, which transforms the ECG time-series into a quantifiable two-dimensional image termed an attractor. To optimise this methodology, we investigated the impact of varying parameters within the SPAR method, choice of lead, ECG sampling frequency and machine learning model choice. We determined that using a K nearest neighbours (KNN) model with 125 Hz ECG sampling frequency, using specific features that quantified the density of the attractor, gave a classification accuracy of 81.2%. When using a decision tree model it was found that the sensitivity was 72.5% which shows an obvious improvement over 30-day long term monitoring which has a sensitivity of 34%. The results of this paper present consideration for the application of a new method to the clinically relevant problem of aiding detection of PAF and conjectures as to the reasoning behind these results. Further investigation in larger cohorts is needed to fully elucidate these findings