Tomas Bata University in Zlín
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Preffered methods of treating obesity in late adulthood and senior age
Get PDFObjective: To identify preferred solutions - therapy - for overweight and obesity in older adults and seniors Participants: A total of 110 respondents were contacted, out of which 14 refused to cooperate or filled in the questionnaire incorrectly. The return of questionnaires was 96, i.e. 100%. The group of respondents consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 50 and over, living in a natural social environment or in one of the selected institutions. Due to the fact that - in our opinion - a relatively large amount of attention is paid to the senior age group while the group of people in the age range of 50-64 is forgotten, we have not chosen the senior age respondents exclusively. Methods: The data obtained by the processing of the questionnaires were analytically evaluated. For statistical processing a program StatisticaCz version 9 was chosen, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, followed by analysis by comparing averages and particular tests of statistical significance (Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis, KendalovoTau). Results: An adjustment of the diet as a part of the solution of the overweight and obesity therapy would be chosen by the most respondents, 75 (46.5%) of them. 44 (27.0%) respondents would choose sport or other physical activity. 11 (6.7%) respondents would deal with overweight and obesity pharmacologically -with the help of medications, and only 25 (15.3%) respondents would choose surgery as a way of dealing with overweight and obesity. On the contrary, only 8 (4.9%) respondents were not interested in dealing with the weight gain. 24 (25.0%) respondents would choose the surgical way of solving obesity. Ananswer "possibly yes" was chosen by 13 (13.5%) respondents. 21 (21.9%) individuals inclined to the "rather not" variant. 33 (34.4%) respondents chose the "certainly not" answer. An answer "I don't know" was chosen by 5 (5.2%) respondents. Conclusion: Obesity is a global social problem which is not to be solved just in healthcare and it is certainly not an issue of an individual
How to win with the use of creative thinking—The integration of theory and practice in tertiary education
No full textThe integration of theory and practice together with the development of the key competencies of university graduates represent one of the areas, which necessarily need to be focused on within the tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The innovation thinking reflecting in the preset goals and visions is at the same time one of the fundamental conditions of the innovative marketing and plays the priority role also in the growing competitiveness of companies and production enterprises, as well as in education or in nongovernmental nonprofit organizations. The preference of study fields, subjects, or programs in relation to the close links onto the needs of the society and the economy as reflected in the requirements of the world market has thus been becoming one of the most important goals of strategic planning of the tertiary education development in the Czech Republic. The study presents the requirements placed on the key competencies as seen by university students themselves, as well as by nonprofit entities in the role of potential employers. The study simultaneously presents one of the possible solutions to the utilization of the creative potential of the integration of theory and practice with the orientation at the enhancement of regional development. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The effect of surface substrate treatments on the bonding strength of aluminium inserts with glass-reinforced poly(phenylene) sulphide
Get PDFMaterials composed of a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon/glass fibres providing lightweight and superior mechanical properties are widely used as structural components for automotive and aerospace applications. However, such parts need to be joined with various metal alloys to obtain better mechanical performance in many structural elements. Many studies have reported enhancements in polymer-metal bonding using adhesives, adhesive/rivet combined joints, and different surface treatments. This study investigated the influences of various surface treatments on the adhesion between glass-reinforced poly(phenylene) sulphide (PPS) and aluminium alloy during the injection over-moulding process. Adhesion strength was evaluated via the shear test. Correlations for the shear strength of the polymer-metal with different metal-substrate treatments were studied. Since the strongest bonding was attained in the treatment with the highest roughness, this value, as it determines the level of micromechanical interlocking of connected materials, seems to be a critical factor affecting the adhesion strength. Three-dimensional (3D) topographic images characterized with a 3D optical microscope indicated that there was a meaningful influence exerted by the interface topologies of the aluminium substrates used for the over-moulding process. The results further indicated that increases in a substrate's surface energy in connection with atmospheric plasma treatments negatively influence the final level of the bonding mechanism.Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT: RP/CPS/2022/003Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic [IGA/FT/2022/002, IGA/FT/2021/010]; [RP/CPS/2022/003
Problem transformation as a gateway to the wider use of basic computational algorithms
Get PDFThe problem transformation method is based on the idea that if we cannot solve the given problem directly, we will transfer it to a situation in which we know how to solve it. The basic feature of the method is the division of the problem into subtasks. Furthermore, it is the division of the problem solution into the solution of partial tasks that will allow the use of already learned algorithms outside the set of problems in which they were taught. The use of the method of transformation develops the necessary students’ transformation skills, and, at the same time, it enables the greater use of ICT in mathematics teaching. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Effects of chitosan/chondroitin sulfate polysaccharide lids on amoxicillin drug release from microcontainers
Get PDFMicrocontainers are micrometer-sized cylindrical reservoir-based devices serving as drug carriers for oral administration systems with ensuring a high drug concentration at the desired site of absorption and providing a sustained resident time. These polymeric micro-cylinders consist of drug-filled cavities and can be functionalized by sealing with polymeric lids to protect the active pharmaceutical ingredient against degradation before reaching the absorption site. The present study aimed to develop biopolymer-based lids for microcontainers using polysaccharides for the prolonged release of an antibiotic. Amoxicillin was chosen as a model drug and loaded into microcontainers using the polydimethylsiloxane masking technique, followed by spray coating with chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) as polymeric lids onto the cavity of the devices. The structural and physicochemical properties of the microcontainers were investigated. Moreover, the effect of polysaccharide-based lids on the drug release behavior was further analysed and discussed. The thickness and morphology of the lids were characterized by profilometry and SEM before and after spray coating. The in vitro release profiles revealed a fast and an immediate release of amoxicillin from only ChS-coated microcontainers as in the uncoated ones, and slow, prolonged release from only CS-coated ones. However, the microcontainers with CS-ChS lids showed a biphasic release pattern that consists of a lesser burst release in the early stage of treatment, followed by a more sustained release. Therefore, the formation of polyelectrolytes between CS and ChS plays an important role in controlling the release process. The results suggest that the CS-ChS based lids for microcontainers can be useful in biodegradable, tailor-made controlled drug delivery systems. © 2021 NANOCON Conference Proceedings - International Conference on Nanomaterials. All rights reserved.IGA/CPS/2021/00
The concept of a software tool with an interactive map for identification and determination of soft targets of transport infrastructure
No full textThe article discusses theoretical problems of identification and determination of soft targets described by legislative documents. Currently, the definition of soft targets is not clear, so a methodology has been developed that eliminates this problem. To ensure the user-friendliness of the methodology, a software tool will be designed to assist users in distinguishing between soft, hard targets and critical infrastructure elements. This is a complicated task; therefore, the problem will be simplified only to the transport sector where could be covered almost all options. The article will describe the concept of the software tool, including user requirements and criteria.Technology Agency of the Czech Republic [TH04010377
Labour productivity and firm performance: evidence from certified firms from the EFQM excellence model
Get PDFLabour productivity is an ongoing topic in literature, specifically in developed economies where labour costs are higher. The main aim of this study is to examine the effects of labour productivity on firm performance. Using a sample of 311 Czech firms, including 18 certified firms from the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model, the two-step system generalised method of moments (GMM) is performed to test the hypotheses. The current study results revealed that the quality certificates have a positive impact on the firm performance. The relationship between labour productivity and firm performance of certified firms is negative. However, the labour productivity of non-certified firms has a positive impact on the firm's performance. The present study's findings offer deeper insight into how labour productivity of the certified and non-certified firms relates to firm performance.Internal Grant Agency (IGA) in Tomas Bata University in Zlin; Czech Republic [IGA/FAME/2021/008
Legitimisation of non-participation in adult education and training: the situational logic of decision-making
Get PDFThe study deals with strategies for legitimising non-participation in adult education and training (AET) in groups of people with the lowest levels of participation: low-educated workers, retired individuals and people on parental leave. It aims to identify and describe strategies for legitimising non-participation. Results are based on extensive qualitative research focused on mapping the situational determinants of non-participation in AET. For this purpose, a total of 53 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed. Through generic coding procedure, four key strategies were identified: (1) commitment to lifelong learning; (2) preference of experience over theoretical knowledge; (3) preference of complete dedication and (4) mobilisation of past educational experience. Each group of adults has a distinct way of using the strategies to justify their non-participation. The findings contribute to our knowledge of situational rationality that is used in decision-making regarding participation in AET.Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [GA_19-00987S
Biotechnological preparation of chicken skin gelatine using factorial design of experiments
Get PDFPoultry meat production steadily increases and its by-products including legs or skins may be further utilized to prepare gelatine, generally by using alkali or acid substances. Since they are toxic, different methods are desirable, e.g. applying proteolytic enzymes. Using enzymes is beneficial as they shorten processing time and reduce the required water amount. Processing conditions (the enzyme amount during the pre-treatment, first and second extraction temperature and time) of the process may influence gelatine quality and its yield. In this study, gelatines were prepared from chicken skin at different conditions in the series of combined factorial design of experiments. The significance of the influence of the conditions on the quality (gel strength, viscosity, melting and gelling point) and yield of chicken skin gelatine (CSG) was observed. The highest yield (31.5%) was obtained at the conditions of the enzyme amount of 0.8%, first extraction temperature 80 degrees C and time 30 min, second extraction temperature 90 degrees C and time 60 min. Furthermore, the highest CSG quality of gel strength (190 Bloom), viscosity (4.06 mPas), melting point (38.3 degrees C) and gelling point (20.5 degrees C) was obtained at the conditions of 0.2%/ 50 degrees C/30 min in the first extraction.Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně: IGA/FT/2021/007Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FT/2021/007
Tin recovery and solidification of sludge from mirror grinding
Get PDFTato studie se zaměřuje na získávání cínu a solidifikaci kalu ze zrcadlového broušení. K extrakci cínu z kalu se používají roztoky hydroxidů o různé koncentraci (0,1 – 10M). Kal je dále upravován technikou stabilizace a solidifikace s použitím běžného portlandského cementu jako pojiva. Vzorky byly hodnoceny pomocí rentgenové fluorescenční analýzy, vyluhovacích zkoušek a pevnosti v tlaku v případě solidifikovaných vzorků. Výsledky ukázaly, že v případě extrakce v 10M hydroxidu sodném bylo získáno téměř 57 % cínu jako sraženina. Optimální obsah pro solidifikaci kalu byl obsah 50 % cementu. Dále byl hodnocen vliv přídavku aktivního uhlí do solidifikačních směsí. Závěrem lze říct, že kal ze zrcadlového broušení se ukázal jako vhodný pro získávání cínu a solidifikovaný odpad lze považovat za odpad, který není nebezpečný.This study aims on tin recovery and solidification of mirror-grinding sludge. To extract tin from sludge, different hydroxide solutions (0.1 - 10M) are used. The sludge is also treated using the stabilization and solidification technique using ordinary Portland cement as a binder. Samples were evaluated using x-ray fluorescence analysis, leaching tests and compressive strength in the case of solidified samples. The results showed that nearly 57 % of tin was recovered as a precipitate in case of extraction in 10M sodium hydroxide. The 50 % of ordinary Portland cement was the optimal content for the solidification of sludge. The influence of active carbon addition into solidification mixtures was also evaluated. In conclusion, the mirror-grinding sludge was suitable for tin recovery, and its solidification resulted in non-hazardous waste. © 2022 Czech Environment Management Center. All rights reserved.Tomas Bata University in Zlin, TBU: IGA/FT/2022/00