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Het teveel aan kennis en het tekort aan wijsheid en de gevolgen daarvan voor straf- en herstelrecht
No full textThe impact of a telepresence robot on group conditions and student engagement:A mixed-method study in higher education
No full textDrawing on team learning theory, this paper examines whether and how a telepresence robot impacts group conditions and student engagement among graduate students collaborating within a hybrid classroom. Hybrid classrooms face challenges, such as an asymmetry of presence, compromising collaborative learning between remote and on-site students. A field experiment was conducted with 17 hybrid classrooms across two Master of Science courses. In the eight experimental groups, one remote student joined via a telepresence robot, while any additional remote students in the same group participated via the smart screen. In the nine control groups, all remote students participated solely via the smart screen. Analysis of short-term longitudinal survey data from 156 students indicated that students in experimental groups with a telepresence robot reported higher levels of social cohesion, psychological safety and group potency, especially in the early course stages. These group conditions positively influenced student engagement. Interviews with ten on-site students reveal that the telepresence robot enhanced remote students' presence through physical embodiment and fostered empowerment via autonomous mobility. This reduced presence asymmetry facilitated more natural interactions, reinforcing group conditions: social cohesion through interpersonal connections, psychological safety through reduced participation barriers, and group potency through increased knowledge sharing. The telepresence robot also fostered inclusive behavior among on-site students, driven by their reciprocation of remote students' engagement and recognition of them as valuable contributors to collaborative learning. These findings advance understanding of team learning and the role of telepresence robots in hybrid classroom settings, promoting more effective virtual inclusion for remote students
Unveiling regions associated with acute and late breast side-effects from breast radiotherapy using voxel-wise image-based data mining analysis
No full textBackground and purpose: Side-effects after breast cancer treatment, including radiotherapy (RT), can drastically affect a patient's quality of life. This study aims to identify anatomical regions where RT dose is related to breast side-effects using the voxel-wise image-based data mining (IBDM) technique. Materials and Methods: Data of 922 patients included in the REQUITE study and who underwent RT after breast-conserving surgery were analysed. All patients were treated supine. We analysed breast pain, oedema, atrophy, induration, and nipple retraction, scored before and after RT by clinicians and patients. We investigated the toxicity burden using the area under the curve for toxicity over time (ToxT-AUC) and applied IBDM by normalising all dose distributions to three reference anatomies. To do so, we established a spatial normalisation pipeline, ensuring that the ipsilateral breast was aligned (flipping all left-side treatments laterally). Dose distributions were converted to equivalent dose in 2 Gy-fraction (EQD 2, α/β = 1.7 Gy and 3 Gy) to account for different RT fractionations. To determine the relevance of each identified region, we used multivariable ordinal regression, including patient-specific factors and clinical variables. Results: Significant regions associated with each breast side-effect were found in different breast quadrants. The regions showed higher mean EQD 2 than the complete breast contour, particularly for grade 2+ (p < 0.01). Dosimetric parameters extracted from the region were significant in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: We found regions within the breast where the local dose associates with breast side-effects after breast RT. This result opens a new hypothesis which could help reduce side-effects after breast radiotherapy.</p
Sample Size Determination for Optimal and Sub-Optimal Designs in Simplified Parametric Test Norming
No full textNorms play a critical role in high-stakes individual assessments (e.g., diagnosing intellectual disabilities), where precision and stability are essential. To reduce fluctuations in norms due to sampling, normative studies must be based on sufficiently large and well-designed samples. This paper provides formulas, applicable to any sample composition, for determining the required sample size for normative studies under the simplified parametric norming framework. In addition to a sufficiently large sample size, precision can be further improved by sampling according to an optimal design, that is, a sample composition that minimizes sampling error in the norms. Optimal designs are, here, derived for 45 (multivariate) multiple linear regression models, assuming normality and homoscedasticity. These models vary in the degree of interaction among three norm-predictors: a continuous variable (e.g., age), a categorical variable (e.g., sex), and a variable (e.g., education) that may be treated as either continuous or categorical. To support practical implementation, three interactive Shiny apps are introduced, enabling users to determine the sample size for their normative studies. Their use is demonstrated through the hypothetical planning of a normative study for the Trail Making Test, accompanied by a review of the most common models for this neuropsychological test in current practice
The effectiveness of real-time and post-trip interventions within the i-DREAMS naturalistic driving project:A cross-national analysis
No full textThe i-DREAMS project set up a platform and system that provides real-time and post-trip interventions (including gamification elements) to keep drivers within safe margins. While the effectiveness of interventions has been widely studied, limited research has explored their interaction. Specifically, it remains unclear how engagement with post-trip interventions influences adherence to real-time interventions and how such engagement and adherence impact individual driving risk. Moreover, the factors contributing to variation in intervention engagement and adherence across drivers remain underexplored. In addition, most existing evaluations of intervention effectiveness have been conducted within a single-country context, with a limited focus on cross-national differences, which are crucial for understanding variation in intervention performance across different national contexts. This study aims to assess the impact of real-time and post-trip interventions on drivers' individual driving risk across European countries, examine cross-national differences, and explore their underlying causes. The results show that the i-DREAMS interventions significantly reduced traffic offense risk and kinematic driving risk, although cross-national differences were observed between Belgium and the UK. The real-time interventions significantly reduced kinematic driving risk among UK drivers, whereas gamified post-trip interventions were more effective for Belgian drivers. Additionally, the real-time interventions effectively reduced traffic offense risk in both countries. A strong negative association was found between adherence to real-time interventions and traffic offense risk, and engagement with post-trip interventions was negatively associated with kinematic driving risk. Gamification elements enhanced engagement with post-trip interventions. The insights gained from this study help enhance the customization of i-DREAMS interventions and application strategies
Signals of excellence or indifference? Dutch employers' perceptions of liberal arts bachelor's degrees
No full textThis paper investigates how Dutch employers perceive university college bachelor's degrees. These programmes were introduced as part of an excellence initiative in Dutch higher education, offering broad, interdisciplinary, and selective undergraduate degrees in liberal arts and sciences. By conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 recruiters based in the Netherlands, the study explores the graduate job selection process, examining the relative importance of different factors in employers' decisions and the signals sent by university college degrees to employers. The findings reveal that the signalling effect associated with university college degrees is either entirely absent or neutral. Dutch employers demonstrate limited familiarity with university colleges and tend to assign less significance to the bachelor's degree when it is accompanied by a master's degree in a relevant field. This underscores the challenge of integrating innovative educational models into the traditionally egalitarian research university segment of Dutch higher education
Symptom over- and underreporting are relatively stable behavioral opposites in forensic patients and undergraduates
No full textThe phenomena of symptom overreporting, underreporting, and inattentive responding have often been linked to traits using cross-sectional designs. The preliminary question - the temporal stability of these phenomena - has remained largely unexamined. We conducted a test-retest study in forensic inpatients and students (all ns >= 64), who twice - across a six- to ten-week interval - completed stand-alone measures of symptom overreporting, symptom underreporting, inattentive responding, and Big Five personality domains. Symptom overreporting rates were similar in patients and students (+5 %). The same was true for symptom underreporting in patients (+15-20 %) and students (+5-10 %), whereas inattentive responding was non-trivial in patients (+15 %), but low in students (+0-5 %). In both groups, symptom overreporting and underreporting were relatively stable behavioral opposites. Trait scores of those who engaged in symptom overreporting and underreporting deviated +0.75 SD from those who passed all validity indices, and in a patterned rather than arbitrary way. The shared variance may reflect a common underlying mechanism. In patients, borderline personality disorder was linked to symptom overreporting, whereas narcissistic personality disorder was associated with symptom underreporting. Overall, our findings suggest that both traits and contextual factors shape how accurately people report their symptoms
Experimenting with Analytical Categories as Reflexive Method:Mobility Trajectories to Study Young People with and without Migration Background
No full textThis chapter develops mobility-based categories for studying young people with and without a migration background. Most migrant youth research uses the categories of ethnicity or generation. These categories hide the mobility that young people engage in such as migration but also study abroad, vacations, gap years and family visits; both for those youth who have migration in their biographies and those who do not. In a globalising world the ability of young people to be geographically mobile is increasingly a marker of difference and therefore needs to be considered when studying young people’s lives. The chapter argues that mobility-based categories shed new light on young people’s lives in three ways. First, they allow investigating elements of commonality and difference between youth, irrespective of where they or their parents come from. Second, they take young people’s past and present mobilities into account, allowing a temporal understanding of how mobility affects their current and future lives. Third, they operationalize mobility as a process rather than a one-time move. The article exemplifies mobility-based categories through a recent, large-N, primary data collection project on secondary-school student’s mobility in three European and one African country
The double-sided influence of IP litigation reputation on R&D collaboration
No full textWe draw on signaling theory to argue that a tough reputation based on IP litigation can be either detrimental or instrumental to the formation of new collaborative ties. Under conditions of information asymmetry, potential partner firms rely on observable signals to assess partner firms' attractiveness. While IP litigation reputation signals aggressiveness and may deter new partners from collaboration, it also signals the presence of a focal firm's high-quality resources that it seeks to protect. In the absence of information on a focal firm's prior R&D collaboration, the latter dominates. The substitutive relationship between IP litigation and prior R&D collaboration in their influence on the formation of new collaborative ties depends on the nature of information asymmetry. It is stronger if new collaborations are with rival firms competing in the same market than if they are with non-rival partners. We find support for these hypotheses using a fixed-effects multi-equation model of new partner collaborations with rivals and non-rivals in the pharmaceutical industry, 1995–2015
