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Public attitudes towards police use of AI-driven face recognition technology
No full textThis study examined public attitudes toward police use of AI-driven facial recognition technology (FRT) for face detection, identification, verification, tracking, kinship verification, and masked perpetrator recognition. In a scenario-based survey with N = 507 participants, we investigated how perceptions of trust, fairness, accuracy, and support for specific FRT applications were influenced by general AI knowledge, trust in law enforcement, and application type. Masked face identification and kinship verification consistently received the lowest trust, fairness, accuracy, and support ratings, while face verification gathered the highest levels of acceptance. Contrary to expectations, deeper general AI knowledge was linked with decreased trust and support for FRTs in policing contexts. This suggests that technological literacy enhanced critical awareness of algorithmic limitations and ethical concerns. Participants expressed significant concerns about algorithmic bias, privacy implications, and surveillance capabilities. Trust in law enforcement emerged as the strongest predictor of FRT acceptance, indicating that acceptance of AI is embedded in broader socio-political relationships rather than determined by technological concerns alone. These findings contribute to our understanding of the social embeddedness of AI technologies and emphasize the need for governance frameworks that address not only technical performance but also institutional accountability and transparency in algorithmic systems deployed within law enforcement contexts
Managing the Transition to a Circular Urban Waste Management System
No full textTransition to a circular urban waste management system is a complex, incremental process involving systemic change. Transition studies have focused on identifying actions and plans to support this radical shift, with governance and control of the process primarily following the transition management approach. Transition management encompasses strategic, tactical, operational, and reflexive activities that are designed to guide, manage, and lead the process of systemic change. In the Netherlands, managing the transition towards a circular urban waste management system has become a priority for cities seeking to address environmental and economic challenges associated with traditional linear waste management practices. This chapter examines the principles of transition management in the context of transforming urban waste management system into a circular and more resilient system. It explores the different types of governance activities involved in this process and investigates how existing capabilities can be leveraged to support the transition toward circular urban waste management practices. Ultimately, by reviewing the current practices of circular urban waste management in the Netherlands, this chapter aims to provide insights to inform policy and practice in managing the transition process, both at the national and international levels
Het teveel aan kennis en het tekort aan wijsheid en de gevolgen daarvan voor straf- en herstelrecht
No full textThe art of inquiring:examining the quality of adult eyewitness interviews in the Netherlands
No full textEyewitness interviews are critical to police investigations. The Generic Witness Interview, used by Dutch police, aligns with best practices to enhance accurate recall. However, research on its implementation is scarce, and existing studies indicate that Dutch police frequently use inappropriate questions, deviating from guidelines. We assessed the quality of 103 real-life Dutch eyewitness interviews to evaluate questioning strategies and adherence to the Generic Witness Interview. We also examined whether investigators probed witnesses about factors that can impair eyewitness accuracy. Most of the questions used were appropriate (69%), with probing questions being most prevalent. Inappropriate questions (31%) mostly consisted of closed questions, while suggestive and forced-choice questions were rare. Yet, interviewers frequently missed opportunities to inquire about factors that can impair eyewitness accuracy (84%). These findings suggest that while Dutch police generally adhere to best practices, further training is recommended. Policy implications for police training and interview standardization are discussed
VisualReF:Interactive Image Search Prototype with Visual Relevance Feedback
No full textIn the absence of interaction history, image recommendations often depend on content-based approaches. Prompted by user queries in natural language, such systems rank items based on the similarity between textual and visual features. However, these approaches typically rely on static queries and do not offer alternative feedback mechanisms. In this paper, we present VisualReF: an interactive image retrieval prototype that introduces visual relevance feedback through fine-grained user annotations. Built on vision-language models (VLMs) for retrieval, our system allows users to label relevant and irrelevant regions in retrieved images. These regions are captioned using a generative vision-language model to refine the query vector. Our work bridges the gap between conventional static image retrieval and interactive, user-guided search by introducing visual relevance feedback. Finally, our prototype contributes to the field of visual recommendation by empowering researchers with practical tools for: (i) collecting region-level visual relevance signals from users, (ii) supporting integration of human feedback into interactive search pipelines, and (iii) explaining how the relevance feedback model perceives user input
In the flow of fire:The protection of water during armed conflict under public international law
No full textA scoping review of responsive caregiving in diverse populations and its association with child development
No full textABSTRACTBackground: Responsive caregiving is a key component of nurturing care and crucial for early child development.While responsive caregiving has been examined in multiple studies, a comprehensive review summarizingfindings from these studies across diverse caregiver, child, cultural, and socio-economic contexts is currentlylacking.Methods: We conducted a scoping review to synthesize evidence on (1) caregiver, child, and contextual factorsinfluencing responsive caregiving and (2) association between responsive caregiving and children’s neurodevelopment and mental health. We included peer-reviewed English articles describing responsive caregiving forchildren aged 0–8 years. Articles were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsychInfo, APAPsycArticles, SocINDEX, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included articles. Relevant data wereextracted, collated, and synthesized into descriptive summaries and associations with children’s development.Results: We retrieved 7412 unique studies for title/abstract screening and 541 full-texts were screened and 138studies met the inclusion criteria. Caregiver characteristics, including caregiver type, maternal health, and demographics, influenced responsive caregiving, with notable differences between mothers and fathers. Child-levelfactors, such as developmental disabilities, age, term or preterm birth status, and gender, also shaped responsivecaregiving. Cultural context and socio-economic status also influenced responsive caregiving across populations.Language development was the most frequently reported with responsive caregiving.Conclusion: This scoping review maps how caregiver, child, and contextual factors influence responsive caregiving. Significant gaps remain in understanding caregiving in the under-researched Global South settings.Policymakers and practitioners should consider socio-cultural contexts, along with the pathways and mechanisms, when designing inclusive interventions that strengthen caregiving and support child development
Managing the Transition to a Circular Urban Waste Management System
No full textTransition to a circular urban waste management system is a complex, incremental process involving systemic change. Transition studies have focused on identifying actions and plans to support this radical shift, with governance and control of the process primarily following the transition management approach. Transition management encompasses strategic, tactical, operational, and reflexive activities that are designed to guide, manage, and lead the process of systemic change. In the Netherlands, managing the transition towards a circular urban waste management system has become a priority for cities seeking to address environmental and economic challenges associated with traditional linear waste management practices. This chapter examines the principles of transition management in the context of transforming urban waste management system into a circular and more resilient system. It explores the different types of governance activities involved in this process and investigates how existing capabilities can be leveraged to support the transition toward circular urban waste management practices. Ultimately, by reviewing the current practices of circular urban waste management in the Netherlands, this chapter aims to provide insights to inform policy and practice in managing the transition process, both at the national and international levels