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The effectiveness of real-time and post-trip interventions within the i-DREAMS naturalistic driving project:A cross-national analysis
No full textThe i-DREAMS project set up a platform and system that provides real-time and post-trip interventions (including gamification elements) to keep drivers within safe margins. While the effectiveness of interventions has been widely studied, limited research has explored their interaction. Specifically, it remains unclear how engagement with post-trip interventions influences adherence to real-time interventions and how such engagement and adherence impact individual driving risk. Moreover, the factors contributing to variation in intervention engagement and adherence across drivers remain underexplored. In addition, most existing evaluations of intervention effectiveness have been conducted within a single-country context, with a limited focus on cross-national differences, which are crucial for understanding variation in intervention performance across different national contexts. This study aims to assess the impact of real-time and post-trip interventions on drivers' individual driving risk across European countries, examine cross-national differences, and explore their underlying causes. The results show that the i-DREAMS interventions significantly reduced traffic offense risk and kinematic driving risk, although cross-national differences were observed between Belgium and the UK. The real-time interventions significantly reduced kinematic driving risk among UK drivers, whereas gamified post-trip interventions were more effective for Belgian drivers. Additionally, the real-time interventions effectively reduced traffic offense risk in both countries. A strong negative association was found between adherence to real-time interventions and traffic offense risk, and engagement with post-trip interventions was negatively associated with kinematic driving risk. Gamification elements enhanced engagement with post-trip interventions. The insights gained from this study help enhance the customization of i-DREAMS interventions and application strategies
Pros and cons of different dietary patterns for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
No full textMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming the most prevalent hepatic disorder, affecting up to 33 % of the global population. An altered lifestyle, characterized by extended physical inactivity and increased consumption of highly caloric food, often low in nutritional value, is recognised as one of the main contributing factors for MASLD. Cornerstone for MASLD treatment is a healthy lifestyle, starting from diet. However, the most appropriate dietary pattern for the treatment of MASLD remains a subject of debate. The aims of this narrative review are therefore to explore the mechanisms through which nutrition influences MASLD pathogenesis and to evaluate different dietary patterns for MASLD treatment, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Multiple dietary patterns-including the Mediterranean Diet (MD), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Low-Carb Diet (LCD), the Ketogenic Diet (specifically the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet, VLCKD), the Low-Fat Diet (LFD), Vegetarian Diets (VDs), and Intermittent Fasting (IF)-are reviewed, with a focus on their efficacy on MASLD and the ameliorating of the associated cardiometabolic risks factors (CMRF)
Experimenting with Analytical Categories as Reflexive Method:Mobility Trajectories to Study Young People with and without Migration Background
No full textThis chapter develops mobility-based categories for studying young people with and without a migration background. Most migrant youth research uses the categories of ethnicity or generation. These categories hide the mobility that young people engage in such as migration but also study abroad, vacations, gap years and family visits; both for those youth who have migration in their biographies and those who do not. In a globalising world the ability of young people to be geographically mobile is increasingly a marker of difference and therefore needs to be considered when studying young people’s lives. The chapter argues that mobility-based categories shed new light on young people’s lives in three ways. First, they allow investigating elements of commonality and difference between youth, irrespective of where they or their parents come from. Second, they take young people’s past and present mobilities into account, allowing a temporal understanding of how mobility affects their current and future lives. Third, they operationalize mobility as a process rather than a one-time move. The article exemplifies mobility-based categories through a recent, large-N, primary data collection project on secondary-school student’s mobility in three European and one African country
The double-sided influence of IP litigation reputation on R&D collaboration
No full textWe draw on signaling theory to argue that a tough reputation based on IP litigation can be either detrimental or instrumental to the formation of new collaborative ties. Under conditions of information asymmetry, potential partner firms rely on observable signals to assess partner firms' attractiveness. While IP litigation reputation signals aggressiveness and may deter new partners from collaboration, it also signals the presence of a focal firm's high-quality resources that it seeks to protect. In the absence of information on a focal firm's prior R&D collaboration, the latter dominates. The substitutive relationship between IP litigation and prior R&D collaboration in their influence on the formation of new collaborative ties depends on the nature of information asymmetry. It is stronger if new collaborations are with rival firms competing in the same market than if they are with non-rival partners. We find support for these hypotheses using a fixed-effects multi-equation model of new partner collaborations with rivals and non-rivals in the pharmaceutical industry, 1995–2015
The effectiveness of real-time and post-trip interventions within the i-DREAMS naturalistic driving project:A cross-national analysis
No full textThe i-DREAMS project set up a platform and system that provides real-time and post-trip interventions (including gamification elements) to keep drivers within safe margins. While the effectiveness of interventions has been widely studied, limited research has explored their interaction. Specifically, it remains unclear how engagement with post-trip interventions influences adherence to real-time interventions and how such engagement and adherence impact individual driving risk. Moreover, the factors contributing to variation in intervention engagement and adherence across drivers remain underexplored. In addition, most existing evaluations of intervention effectiveness have been conducted within a single-country context, with a limited focus on cross-national differences, which are crucial for understanding variation in intervention performance across different national contexts. This study aims to assess the impact of real-time and post-trip interventions on drivers' individual driving risk across European countries, examine cross-national differences, and explore their underlying causes. The results show that the i-DREAMS interventions significantly reduced traffic offense risk and kinematic driving risk, although cross-national differences were observed between Belgium and the UK. The real-time interventions significantly reduced kinematic driving risk among UK drivers, whereas gamified post-trip interventions were more effective for Belgian drivers. Additionally, the real-time interventions effectively reduced traffic offense risk in both countries. A strong negative association was found between adherence to real-time interventions and traffic offense risk, and engagement with post-trip interventions was negatively associated with kinematic driving risk. Gamification elements enhanced engagement with post-trip interventions. The insights gained from this study help enhance the customization of i-DREAMS interventions and application strategies
ESTRO recommendations on preoperative radiation therapy in breast cancer:current and future perspectives-Endorsed by ASTRO
No full textBackground and purpose: Preoperative radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer is not a novel concept, though available data are insufficient to translate current knowledge into clinical practice. Nonetheless, potential advantages of this approach are emerging in multiple scenarios, incorporating increasing treatment personalization and technological improvements in RT. This paper aims to synthesize and summarize the literature on preoperative RT in distinct breast cancer treatment settings, providing perspectives based on existing evidence and gaps in knowledge. Methods: The ESTRO Breast subgroup proposal for elaborating perspectives on preoperative RT was approved by the ESTRO Guidelines Committee, and a panel of experts in the field was identified. Four working groups were created, focusing on the different clinical settings where preoperative RT has been investigated: patients with early-stage breast cancer at low risk of recurrence, patients with breast cancer at high risk of recurrence, and patients with an indication for mastectomy. The fourth group focused its search on cross cutting themes, such as preclinical and translational aspects, radiobiology, RT techniques and quality assurance. After a literature search including the identification of key points and gaps in the literature, the four working groups presented their findings and perspectives were formulated, discussed and approved by the panel. Results: Overall, 27 phase I and phase II studies enrolling patients from the year 2000 onward were considered, collecting data such as RT dose and fractionation, clinical outcomes, and complications rates. The expert panel stated perspectives for the different clinical scenarios based on available evidence and current gaps in knowledge, to be addressed by future clinical research. Conclusion: Given the current lack of clinical data to support the development of formal guidelines, we present our perspectives, which can be useful for implementing new clinical trials and research projects, overcoming current limitations, and potentially generating high-quality practice-changing data, introducing preoperative RT in specific breast cancer treatment settings in the future
Achter gesloten deuren:Over de vergoedbaarheid van gemist voordeel bij een niet-aangevangen exploitatie
No full textIn de planschade- en nadeelcompensatiepraktijk rijst regelmatig de vraag of gemist voordeel uit een op de peildatum nog niet-aangevangen exploitatie – zogenaamde fictieve exploitatieschade – voor vergoeding in aanmerking komt. De bestuursrechter hanteert als hoofdregel dat dit niet wordt vergoed, maar erkent inmiddels enkele uitzonderingen. Dit artikel brengt het juridisch kader omtrent fictieve exploitatieschade in kaart
To teach or not to teach? Preferences for working conditions and the alternative career opportunities of pre-service teachers
No full textIn response to the critical shortage of teachers, this study examines the determinants of pre-service teachers' career preferences. We answer the call for more theoretical diversity by employing expected utility theory to identify gaps in earlier literature. Subsequently, we design discrete choice experiments to rigorously quantify Flemish pre-service teachers' preferences and measure beliefs concerning various working conditions in the teaching field compared to alternative careers. Our findings reveal that salary, workload and career opportunities are at least as important to the average pre-service teachers as being able to work with children. Additionally, the best-performing pre-service teachers particularly value career advancement opportunities and curricular autonomy. Accountability policies that reduce teachers' curricular autonomy could therefore harm educational quality by reducing the supply of high-quality teachers. Finally, pre-service teachers' perceptions of working conditions as a teacher are highly heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity plays a decisive role in their career preferences
Bioenergetics and lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease:From cell biology to systemic health
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Although amyloid-β and tau pathologies remain central to our understanding of AD, growing evidence suggests that disrupted lipid metabolism and impaired bioenergetics are closely linked to these hallmark features. Genetic, lipidomic and functional studies point to alterations in cholesterol, phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can influence mitochondrial function, organelle communication and glial responses. These processes are further modulated by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, sex differences and systemic metabolic states such as obesity and diabetes, contributing to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Although findings are sometimes conflicting, an emerging theme is that lipid and energy metabolisms are central to how genetic and environmental risk factors shape AD pathogenesis. This integrated perspective highlights lipid and bioenergetic pathways as promising therapeutic targets, where metabolic modulators, lipid-directed interventions and lifestyle strategies may complement amyloid-based therapies and offer opportunities for precision approaches, particularly in women and APOE ε4 carriers.</p