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Trauma in the courtroom: The role of prior trauma exposure and mental health on stress and emotional responses in jurors
No full textPrior research indicates that jury duty can be distressing for some jurors. This study examined: (1) the influence of prior trauma characteristics (type, exposure, time since trauma), medical fear and mental health difficulties on stress and emotional responses during a mock trial and 1 week later; and (2) associations between early stress reactions during a trial on subsequent stress and emotional reactivity after exposure to skeletal evidence and 1 week later.Mock jurors (n = 180) completed baseline self-report mental health measures, read a summary of a murder case and were then exposed to graphic skeletal evidence. Stress and/or emotional responses were collected at baseline, after reading the case summary, before and after viewing the skeletal evidence and 7 days post-trial.Participants reported a wide range of prior traumatic experiences, with nearly half reporting pre-existing mental health difficulties. Average traumatic stress symptoms tripled from baseline to follow-up, with 44% of participants meeting PTSD-type criteria 7 days later. Medical fear and mental health difficulties were positively associated with some stress and/or emotional responses throughout the trial, with mixed findings concerning trauma characteristics, stress and emotional reactivity. Initial stress and emotional responses to case evidence were linked to later stress and emotional reactions, after accounting for pre-existing trauma and mental health characteristics.Past trauma experiences, mental health difficulties and immediate stress responses during a trial can exacerbate emotional and stress reactions. Addressing the psychological impacts of pre-existing trauma symptoms could improve juror well-being during this important civic duty
Innovative Frameworks for Teacher Noticing: Video Insights into Pre-Service Trainee’s Practices
No full textTeacher noticing is a fundamental aspect of effective teaching, yet its influence on instructional practice is not well understood. This paper presents an extended framework for teacher noticing, alongside two innovative assessment tools: the Initial Teacher Education Noticing Continuum (TEN) and the Noticing Observation Framework (NOF). Utilising a mixed-methods approach within an intrinsic case study involving nine pre-service trainee teachers, the research uncovered significant insights into the participants' professional vision. The TEN demonstrated notable sophistication in trainees' skills for selecting, reasoning, and responding, while the NOF revealed that noticing plays a crucial role in developing teacher competency. As the study progressed, the participants exhibited marked improvements in their teaching practices. These results underscore the importance of structured frameworks in elucidating the relationship between teacher noticing and effective instruction, offering valuable implications for teacher education programmes
Balancing acute medical management of acute kidney injury and hyperkalaemia versus medicines optimisation for long-term Cardio-Renal-Metabolic (CaReMe) diseases: a narrative review
No full textCardio-Renal-Metabolic (CaReMe) diseases, in the form of heart failure, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus, justify prescription of multiple prognostically beneficial medications, specifically renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Use of these medications is complicated by association with adverse effects, particularly acute kidney injury and hyperkalaemia. Balancing risk and benefit is a common dilemma in acute medicine, with increasingly frequent and complex treatment decisions. Physicians should contemplate adjustments to medications within the context of not just acute illness but also long-term benefit. In the setting of hyperkalaemia, potassium-binding medications can be utilised. At hospital discharge optimisation of therapy can be achieved through clear safety netting advice, scheduled biochemical follow-up, and planned clinical revie
An exploration of student perception toward interprofessional high-fidelity clinical simulation
No full textOBJECTIVES: Interprofessional education is recognized for its potential for collaboration and teamwork, reflecting clinical practice; however, existing literature for simulation-based interprofessional education does not include Physician Associate (PA) students. This initiative aimed to explore the students? perception of interprofessional clinical simulation for PA students and allied health professional (AHP) students as part of our program development.METHODS: A high-fidelity simulation session was designed and conducted for volunteering students from the PA, paramedic science, and physiotherapy courses. We used a mixed-method electronic questionnaire consisting of 15 statements rated on a numerical rating scale (0-5) and four open-ended questions with unlimited free-text responses to explore student perceptions. Inductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative analysis. The session design was underpinned by Allport?s (intergroup) contact hypothesis with an emphasis on mutual intergroup differentiation.RESULTS: Forty-six students participated in the simulation teaching, with 48% (n=22) providing feedback. Overall student perception was mainly positive toward the interprofessional simulation; however, some barriers to learning were recognized. Based on the evaluation of our initiative and existing literature, we propose 5 top tips to promote an effective learning experience for students. (1) Understand the importance of interprofessional collaboration. (2) Establish clear roles. (3) Plan the scenarios in advance. (4) Maintain equal status between groups. (5) Provide clear instructions and expectations.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study of high-fidelity interprofessional simulation involving PA and AHP students. We successfully explored student perception which highlighted aspects that can impact learning. This pilot study demonstrated that interprofessional simulation is a feasible and acceptable form of learning for our students and highlighted how to improve future interprofessional simulation teaching sessions
An Analysis of the Disruptive Innovation of FinTech Implementation in Banking Sector: A Comparative Study Between Islamic and Conventional Banks in Palestine
No full textFinTech importance has continuously deepened in the past few years and spread widely in a way that attracts the attention of all stakeholders: managers of the financial services, consumers, policy makers as well as the regulators. Few research and literature are available about FinTech and its adoption both by customers and financial providers in Palestine. The Palestinian Banking sector has emerged in recent years. It has a substantial Islamic share with an excellent growth forecast. The Palestinian banking sector adoption of FinTech has many advantages and opportunities to the customers, through lowered costs and convenient services, to the banking sector through improved performance, better efficiency, and customers’ retention and attraction, to the society through enhancing financial inclusion, and to the economy by enhancing participation and growth prospects.This research addressed the phenomenon of FinTech adoption and implementation and examines it as a disruptor in the banking industry in Palestine. It was accomplished through adoption of an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, using the quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaire and semi structured interviews were conducted with customers from one side, and the Palestinian Monetary Authority officials, senior bankers, experts and FinTech companies’ senior staff in Palestine from the other side.The aim of this research is to analyse practices, explore challenges and examine potential opportunities of the FinTech implementation as a business disruptor in both Islamic and conventional banks in Palestine. To achieve the research’s aim, the following objectives have been accomplished:• Examination of the main factors affecting FinTech implementation by both the Islamic and conventional banking industry.• Analysis of the approaches of conventional and Islamic banks towards FinTech implementation in Palestine.• Assessment of the current level of FinTech adoption by customers, and their motivation to use and adopt FinTech in the future.• Proposing a FinTech implementation framework for the banking sector in Palestine in general and for the Islamic banks in particular.The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data showed that both extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Technological-Organizational-Environment (TOE) framework were confirmed in the Palestinian market. The proposed framework, internal external framework, inferred from TAM, TOE and literature review was also confirmed by the results. The proposed framework categorises the factors affecting the organizations into internal and external. Internal ones include the size, financials, culture, and talent availability. Whereas the external factors include customers’ care about service quality, including ease of service, usefulness, trust and brand factors, competition pressures, IT, telecommunication availability, regulatory readiness and pressures, and legal requirements and readiness.The proposed formula that may lead to adoption and implementation of FinTech in the Palestinian market, compromised of availability of comprehensive regulatory and legal frameworks, building and expanding the ecosystem, leadership of the private sector, and collaborative FinTech governmental strategy.Research contribution to knowledge was through theory by proposing a FinTech adoption framework, practice through proposing FinTech implementation framework, methodology through implementation of an explanatory sequential mixed methodology, and finally provision of additional source for academics and researchers. Further research fields and future works were also proposed based on the research findings
Advancements in Traffic Signal Control: A Review of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Approaches
No full textThis review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in leveraging reinforcement learning (RL) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques for optimizing traffic signal control systems within urban environments. Traditional traffic signal management methods often fail to address the inefficiencies resulting in congestion, delays, environmental impacts, and driver dissatisfaction. In contrast, RL methodologies empower traffic signals to dynamically learn and refine signal timing strategies by iteratively interacting with real-world traffic conditions. DRL builds upon RL by integrating deep neural networks to better capture and respond to intricate traffic patterns. The paper investigates the potential of RL and DRL approaches in addressing diverse urban traffic challenges across peak and non-peak periods, as well as in areas with irregular traffic distributions. It delves into the strengths, weaknesses, underlying principles, and advanced architectures of current RL/DRL methodologies proposed for this domain. Furthermore, it evaluates practical applications and simulation studies, showcasing performance enhancements over traditional signal control methods. In conclusion, the review consolidates key findings and outlines future research directions for implementing RL/DRL systems in real-world scenarios to effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion
Quantum Computing Integrated Patterns for Real-Time Cryptography in Assorted Domains
No full textQuantum computers use quantum-mechanical phenomena for knowledge manipulation and depend on quantum bits or qubits. A qubit can be created in several different ways, and out of this, one way of creating a quantum state is by using superconductivity. They must be held very cold to work on these superconductive qubits for long periods. The key to information storage and manipulation is the skill of all computer systems. Current traditional computers handle single bits stored in binary states of 0 and 1 form. Every temperature factor inside the device may be updated; thus, quantum computers are more excellent than the vacuum of space at temperatures similar to absolute null. Consider how the dilution refrigerator of a quantum computer consisting of over 2000 components provides a cold atmosphere for the inside of the qubits. Researchers from all around the world today are using actual quantum processors for validating algorithms for different fields of operation. Yet quantum computation was a strictly speculative topic a couple of decades ago. Quantum cryptography, also known as quantum encoding, uses quantum mechanics principles to encrypt messages in a way nobody else reads. It benefits quantum states, along with its "theory of no transition," which means that it cannot be disrupted unknowingly. Quantum-improved AI calculations are especially applicable to the area. This work focuses on the implementation patterns of quantum computing in real-time cryptography so that the overall communication will be secured and integrity aware
Addiction recovery stories: Mark Gornall in conversation with Lisa Ogilvie
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine recovery through lived experience. It is part of a series that explores candid accounts of addiction and recovery to identify important components in the recovery process. Design/methodology/approach: The G-CHIME model comprises six elements important to addiction recovery (growth, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life and empowerment). It provides a standard against which to consider addiction recovery, having been used in this series, as well as in the design of interventions that improve well-being and strengthen recovery. In this paper, a first-hand account is presented, followed by a semi-structured e-interview with the author of the account. Narrative analysis is used to explore the account and interview through the G-CHIME model. Findings: This paper shows that addiction recovery is a remarkable process that can be effectively explained using the G-CHIME model. The significance of each component in the model is apparent from the account and e-interview presented. Originality/value: Each account of recovery in this series is unique and, as yet, untold
Challenges and Constraints of 5G: Transformation and Prospects for 6G Era
No full textFifth generation technology(5G) is available in several countries with more than 1.5 million users. It's wireless communication through which many applications are integrated. With the rapid growth of more and more of the 5G network, many limitations have been found. Certain limitations regarding security and privacy were familiarized due to which 6G networks of next generation provide the solutions to overcome 5G. Whenever communications take place, human possibilities will depend on a set of security technology enablers. The recent 6G effort is presented in relation to privacy as well as security limitations of 5G. Knowledge extraction was not reliable in 5G, so will work on AI/ML implementation through federated learning. The 6G cyber security threats will be defined. 6G architecture breaks up how it will work when it will have multiple stakeholders. This paper also defines how the various domains of privacy, trust, cyber-resilience are decomposed. In short, here we will explore various 6G security Technologies which are revolutionizing.
Highly sensitive textile pressure sensors with novel hierarchical architecture based on conductive polymers, silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes
No full textHerein, we designed wearable, flexible, highly sensitive textile-based pressure sensor assemblies utilizing a piezoresistive working mechanism. The sensor assemblies were constructed using a composite of coated cotton woven or polyester knitted fabric encapsulated and stitched between two layers of polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric embroidered with stainless steel yarn serving, creating a robust and integrated sensing structure. As a component of the sensor assemblies, the cotton and polyester fabrics were subjected to a series of surface modifications involving coating with silver nanoparticles, a silica xerogel film formation through a sol-gel process, application of polypyrrole via chemical oxidative polymerization, followed by deposition of a layer of carbon nanotubes and polydimethyl siloxane utilizing a dip-coating method. The sensor assemblies employing conductive polyester knitting fabrics demonstrate remarkable sensing capabilities, including an extensive sensing range of 0 kPa-225 kPa, high sensitivity values of 30 kPa−1, low detection limits of 125 Pa, fast response-recovery times of 120–80 ms and robust sensing stability exceeding 1000 cycles, respectively. Moreover, the sensor assemblies exhibited significant promise for real-time human motion monitoring, encompassing activities such as finger, wrist, elbow and knee bending; swallowing, walking and jumping. These sensor assemblies offer distinct advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of handling, straightforward production methods, and an environmentally friendly fabrication process.[Display omitted]•Textile-based pressure sensors, utilizing piezoresistive principles were designed.•Conductive fabrics obtained by coating with AgNPs, silica film, PPy, CNTs and PDMS.•Sensor assemblies from conductive fabrics placed in between two layers of NW fabric.•Sensor assemblies exhibited excellent sensing properties.•Sensor assemblies presented great potential for monitoring human motion in real-time